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M Lambardi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Somatic embryogenesis in cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.)
Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, 2020Co-Authors: M LambardiAbstract:The genus Cupressus, native to warm temperate climates of the Northern hemisphere, can be found around the Mediterranean, in North America and in Asia. Twenty-five taxa have been identified in the genus and described as species (Ducrey et al., 1999), all generically named “cypress”. Here, we refer to the species Cupressus sempervirens L., also called “common”, “Mediterranean” or “Italian” cypress, by far the most important and widespread cypress in the Mediterranean basin. The species is native to northern Persia, as well as Syria, Turkey, Cyprus and several Greek islands. However, during the Roman Empire it was introduced into all the Mediterranean countries, where it can now be considered naturalised. The cypress grows up to 30 m in height, it is monoecious, and bears male and female strobili (cones) separately at the end of short branchlets. Depending on the crown branch habit, the species is divided into two varieties, i.e.: C. sempervirens var. horizontalis, the most common in natural areas, characterized by spreading branches and a broad conical crown; C. sempervirens var. pyramidalis (= var. fastigiata), the most popular for ornamental use because of its erect branches, parallel to the trunk, which give the tree its typical columnar shape, resembling a flame (Fig. 1).
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somatic plant regeneration from selected common cypress Cupressus sempervirens l clones resistant to the bark canker disease
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2016Co-Authors: Sara Barberini, R Danti, M LambardiAbstract:The effectiveness of a protocol for somatic embryogenesis in conifers requires both the proliferation of embryonal masses and their conversion into somatic plants. Despite several successful protocols developed for Pinaceae, species belonging to Cuperessaceae family are often characterized by a problematic and unsatisfactory maturation of somatic embryos. Hence, the main goal of this study was to overcome the problem of embryo maturation and plant regeneration in Cupressus sempervirens, a Mediterranean species widely used for its ornamental value, timber production and interest in reforestation programmes. Embryogenic lines were produced from selected canker-resistant genotypes of common cypress; the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG), desiccation period, medium composition and culturing period on the somatic embryo maturation and conversion, were evaluated. Despite significant variations observed among genotypes, the PEG based medium was the most effective for somatic embryo maturation. Germination and conversion of mature somatic embryos took place after three months of culture in a low-sucrose LP medium with activated charcoal. A short desiccation period failed to improve the germination rate of the mature somatic embryos. To our knowledge this is the first protocol reporting on somatic plant regeneration from somatic embryos of C. sempervirens.
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organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in Cupressus sempervirens
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 1995Co-Authors: M Lambardi, Indra S Harry, D Menabeni, Trevor A ThorpeAbstract:Adventitious buds of Cupressus sempervirens L., were formed on excised mature embryos cultured for 10 days on half-strength Quoirin and Lepoivre medium (1/2QP) with 10 μM N6-benzyladenine. For shoot development, embryos were transferred to 1/2QP without growth regulators. Axillary shoot formation and rooting occurred spontaneously as adventitious shoots aged and transfer intervals were increased. Embryogenic tissue was obtained from immature embryos on induction media consisting of von Arnold and Eriksson (AE) or Gupta and Durzan (DCR) salts with 10 or 20 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Cultures were maintained on DCR with 5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 5 μM BA.
R Danti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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somatic plant regeneration from selected common cypress Cupressus sempervirens l clones resistant to the bark canker disease
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2016Co-Authors: Sara Barberini, R Danti, M LambardiAbstract:The effectiveness of a protocol for somatic embryogenesis in conifers requires both the proliferation of embryonal masses and their conversion into somatic plants. Despite several successful protocols developed for Pinaceae, species belonging to Cuperessaceae family are often characterized by a problematic and unsatisfactory maturation of somatic embryos. Hence, the main goal of this study was to overcome the problem of embryo maturation and plant regeneration in Cupressus sempervirens, a Mediterranean species widely used for its ornamental value, timber production and interest in reforestation programmes. Embryogenic lines were produced from selected canker-resistant genotypes of common cypress; the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG), desiccation period, medium composition and culturing period on the somatic embryo maturation and conversion, were evaluated. Despite significant variations observed among genotypes, the PEG based medium was the most effective for somatic embryo maturation. Germination and conversion of mature somatic embryos took place after three months of culture in a low-sucrose LP medium with activated charcoal. A short desiccation period failed to improve the germination rate of the mature somatic embryos. To our knowledge this is the first protocol reporting on somatic plant regeneration from somatic embryos of C. sempervirens.
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terpene arms race in the seiridium cardinale Cupressus sempervirens pathosystem
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Ander Achoteguicastells, Gianni Della Rocca, Joan Llusia, R Danti, Sara Barberini, Mabrouk Bouneb, Sauro Simoni, Marco Michelozzi, Josep PenuelasAbstract:The canker-causing fungus Seiridium cardinale is the major threat to Cupressus sempervirens worldwide. We investigated the production of terpenes by canker-resistant and susceptible cypresses inoculated with S. cardinale, the effect of these terpenes on fungal growth, and the defensive biotransformation of the terpenes conducted by the fungus. All infected trees produced de novo terpenes and strongly induced terpenic responses, but the responses were stronger in the canker-resistant than the susceptible trees. In vitro tests for the inhibition of fungal growth indicated that the terpene concentrations of resistant trees were more inhibitory than those of susceptible trees. The highly induced and de novo terpenes exhibited substantial inhibition (more than a fungicide reference) and had a high concentration-dependent inhibition, whereas the most abundant terpenes had a low concentration-dependent inhibition. S. cardinale biotransformed three terpenes and was capable of detoxifying them even outside the fungal mycelium, in its immediate surrounding environment. Our results thus indicated that terpenes were key defences efficiently used by C. sempervirens, but also that S. cardinale is ready for the battle.
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le crete 1 and le crete 2 two newly patented seiridium cardinale canker resistant cultivars of Cupressus sempervirens
Forest Pathology, 2013Co-Authors: R Danti, V. Di Lonardo, A Pecchioli, G Della RoccaAbstract:Summary In the Mediterranean area, common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) has traditionally been used as a multipurpose tree, for its symbolic and ornamental role, for its valuable timber, as well as for windbreaks and soil protection. The epidemic spread of the Seiridium cardinale canker has limited the use of this tree since the 1970s, inducing researchers to develop a breeding programme of cypress aimed at selecting canker-resistant lines for different uses and to support a flourishing trade of cypress plants. ‘Le Crete 1’ and ‘Le Crete 2’ described here are two new canker-resistant C. sempervirens varieties patented in 2010, selected through a 13-year assessment of their response to artificial inoculations and growth traits. Both are characterized by a rapid growth and by a columnar and fastigiated habit that confers them a notable ornamental effect. Preliminary observations showed also that both tend to produce yearly few microsporophylls and little pollen. ‘Le Crete 2’ was also selected for the high growth rate it maintained on heavy, clayey soils.
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italico and mediterraneo two seiridium cardinale canker resistant cypress cultivars of Cupressus sempervirens
Hortscience, 2006Co-Authors: R Danti, A. Panconesi, V. Di Lonardo, G Della Rocca, P RaddiAbstract:Common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) is an integral feature of the landscape of many Mediterranean regions (particularly in Tuscany). Furthermore, common cypress has multiple uses as ornament, timber, windbreaks, recovery of deteriorated soils, protection of slopes and the production of essential oils. During the last three decades, Seiridum cardinale canker of cypress has caused severe losses in woods, windbreaks and ornamental plantings in the Mediterranean area, significantly limiting the use and cultivation of this tree. In this paper we describe 'Italico' and 'Mediterraneo', two C. sempervirens varieties which were patented in 2004 for their resistance to cypress canker. Both varieties are particularly suitable for ornamental purposes because of their fastigiated columnar habit and the low production of male flowers and cones. 'Italico' and 'Mediterraneo' represent the recent result of the breeding programme on cypress, in progress since the 1970s. This program aims at: 1) obtaining a high number of canker-resistant cypress clones and multi-clonal varieties to be used for ornamental plantings and windbreaks and 2) finding mother trees for the production of improved seed for reforestation purposes.
Sara Barberini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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somatic plant regeneration from selected common cypress Cupressus sempervirens l clones resistant to the bark canker disease
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2016Co-Authors: Sara Barberini, R Danti, M LambardiAbstract:The effectiveness of a protocol for somatic embryogenesis in conifers requires both the proliferation of embryonal masses and their conversion into somatic plants. Despite several successful protocols developed for Pinaceae, species belonging to Cuperessaceae family are often characterized by a problematic and unsatisfactory maturation of somatic embryos. Hence, the main goal of this study was to overcome the problem of embryo maturation and plant regeneration in Cupressus sempervirens, a Mediterranean species widely used for its ornamental value, timber production and interest in reforestation programmes. Embryogenic lines were produced from selected canker-resistant genotypes of common cypress; the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG), desiccation period, medium composition and culturing period on the somatic embryo maturation and conversion, were evaluated. Despite significant variations observed among genotypes, the PEG based medium was the most effective for somatic embryo maturation. Germination and conversion of mature somatic embryos took place after three months of culture in a low-sucrose LP medium with activated charcoal. A short desiccation period failed to improve the germination rate of the mature somatic embryos. To our knowledge this is the first protocol reporting on somatic plant regeneration from somatic embryos of C. sempervirens.
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terpene arms race in the seiridium cardinale Cupressus sempervirens pathosystem
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Ander Achoteguicastells, Gianni Della Rocca, Joan Llusia, R Danti, Sara Barberini, Mabrouk Bouneb, Sauro Simoni, Marco Michelozzi, Josep PenuelasAbstract:The canker-causing fungus Seiridium cardinale is the major threat to Cupressus sempervirens worldwide. We investigated the production of terpenes by canker-resistant and susceptible cypresses inoculated with S. cardinale, the effect of these terpenes on fungal growth, and the defensive biotransformation of the terpenes conducted by the fungus. All infected trees produced de novo terpenes and strongly induced terpenic responses, but the responses were stronger in the canker-resistant than the susceptible trees. In vitro tests for the inhibition of fungal growth indicated that the terpene concentrations of resistant trees were more inhibitory than those of susceptible trees. The highly induced and de novo terpenes exhibited substantial inhibition (more than a fungicide reference) and had a high concentration-dependent inhibition, whereas the most abundant terpenes had a low concentration-dependent inhibition. S. cardinale biotransformed three terpenes and was capable of detoxifying them even outside the fungal mycelium, in its immediate surrounding environment. Our results thus indicated that terpenes were key defences efficiently used by C. sempervirens, but also that S. cardinale is ready for the battle.
Maria Giuliano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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palynological study of Cupressus sempervirens l var pyramidalis and var horizontalis
Plant Biosystems, 2000Co-Authors: Maria Grilli Caiola, Alessandro Travaglini, Maria GiulianoAbstract:ABSTRACT Cupressus sempervirens L. var. pyramidalis and C. sempervirens var. horizontalis were examined for their pollen morphometry and ultrastructure to verify whether, in addition to phenotype, pollen could also show characteristics useful to discriminate the two infraspecific taxa. C. sempervirens var. pyramidalis compared to C. sempervirens var. horizontalis has mainly larger, subcircular pollen with a higher percentage of apolar and germinating grains, and a wall with thicker intine; the cytoplasm has a greater number of callose-containing vesicles. C. sempervirens var. horizontalis has pollen distributed in five classes of shape. In addition it is smaller and shows a higher percentage of ruptured grains, and a lower percentage of germination in vitro. The cytoplasm contains vesicles rich in callose and also a higher amount of osmophilic bodies. Pollen grains in both varietas contain only one cell at dispersal. The reported differences in pollen morphometry, structure and biology, together with the ...
Pascal Poncet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of a polygalacturonase cup s 2 as the major ccd bearing allergen in Cupressus sempervirens pollen
Allergy, 2017Co-Authors: Youcef Shahali, Jean-pierre Sutra, Iman Haddad, Joëlle Vinh, Hélène Sénéchal, Christiane Hilger, Kyria Swiontek, Laurence Guilloux, D Charpin, Pascal PoncetAbstract:Since IgE glyco-epitopes, also referred to as cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs), can share significant structural homologies between different plants, they are prone to extensive cross-reactivity among allergen pollen extracts. Here, cypress pollen allergens, especially a polygalacturonase (PG), were further characterized using double one dimensional electrophoresis (D1-DE). The presence of specific IgE directed against CCDs was investigated by bromelain IgE inhibition and concanavalin A binding assays using sera of cypress pollen sensitized patients. Our results showed that IgE reactivity to CCDs in Cupressus sempervirens pollen extracts is mainly related to bromelain-type epitopes of a newly-identified cypress PG. This glycoprotein has been further characterized through an immunoproteomic approach and officially indexed as Cup s 2 by the WHO/IUIS allergen nomenclature. Cup s 2 could thus be associated with the increased prevalence of IgE reactivity to cypress pollen extracts because of CCD interference. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Allergen Structure 2: 22 Protein-Protein Interactions Determine IgE Reactivity to Polygalacturonase From Cupressus sempervirens Pollen
World Allergy Organization Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Youcef Shahali, Jean-pierre Sutra, S. Chollet-martin, Iman Haddad, Joëlle Vinh, Adriano Mari, Denis Charpin, Hélène Sénéchal, Pascal PoncetAbstract:Background In a recent proteomic study, we identified in Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens, Cups) pollen grains, 2 proteins at 43 and 60 kDa, homologous to already known Cupressaceae polygalacturonase (PG) proteins. The 60-kDa PG is suspected to be a multi-protein complex including the 43-kDa PG and one or more proteins with lectin-like properties
