The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bradford W Reyns - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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online pursuit in the twilight zone Cyberstalking perpetration by college students
Victims & Offenders, 2019Co-Authors: Bradford W ReynsAbstract:ABSTRACTThe author provides one of the first empirical examinations of Cyberstalking perpetration. The extent and nature of Cyberstalking are investigated using a sample of college students from a ...
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explaining Cyberstalking victimization against college women using a multitheoretical approach self control opportunity and control balance
Crime & Delinquency, 2018Co-Authors: Bradford W Reyns, Bonnie S Fisher, Ryan RandaAbstract:The foci of the present study are to estimate the extent of Cyberstalking victimization, and develop, specify, and test a theoretically based model of Cyberstalking victimization among college women. A pursuit- and fear-based measure of victimization was utilized, and three leading theories—self-control, opportunity, and control balance—were tested as explanations of Cyberstalking victimization. Key concepts from each theoretical perspective were operationalized using primary survey data from a probability sample of college women (N = 1,987) from two large universities. Results show that approximately 3.4% of female students were victims of Cyberstalking during the academic year. Findings from a path model revealed significant direct effects for opportunity and having a control deficit on Cyberstalking. The effects of self-control were indirect through these two measures, whereas having a control surplus was not related to victimization risk. Overall, findings support the application of these three theore...
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guardians of the cyber galaxy an empirical and theoretical analysis of the guardianship concept from routine activity theory as it applies to online forms of victimization
Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 2016Co-Authors: Bradford W Reyns, Billy Henson, Bonnie S FisherAbstract:The present study examines the guardianship concept from routine activity theory with respect to its utility in reducing the risk for Cyberstalking victimization. Offline guardianship is examined as a possible protective factor against online victimization, along with individuals’ online routine activities. Data were collected from a large sample of students from an urban university in the Midwest through a self-report web-based victimization survey. Results suggest that offline guardianship does not protect individuals from Cyberstalking victimization and that online target hardening may yield greater prevention benefits. Study findings are discussed in light of the current state of the body of online routine activity research, particularly regarding how to define and operationalize guardians and guardianship against online victimization.
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Protection Against Pursuit: A Conceptual and Empirical Comparison of Cyberstalking and Stalking Victimization Among a National Sample
Justice Quarterly, 2012Co-Authors: Matt R. Nobles, Bradford W Reyns, Kathleen A. Fox, Bonnie S FisherAbstract:Cyberstalking is a relatively understudied area in criminology, with no consensus among scholars as to whether it represents a modified form of stalking or whether it is an entirely new and emerging criminal phenomenon. Using data from the 2006 Supplemental Victimization Survey (SVS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), this study compares stalking and Cyberstalking victims across several dimensions, including situational features of their experiences and self-protective behaviors. Results indicate that there are significant differences between stalking and Cyberstalking victims, including their number of self-protective behaviors adopted, duration of contact with their stalker, financial costs of victimization, and perceived fear at onset. Perceived fear over time, the occurrence of a physical attack, and sex of the victim were all associated with a higher number of self-protective behaviors for Cyberstalking victims compared to stalking victims, net of the effect of the control variables. ...
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stalking in the twilight zone extent of Cyberstalking victimization and offending among college students
Deviant Behavior, 2012Co-Authors: Bradford W Reyns, Billy Henson, Bonnie S FisherAbstract:Over the last decade, researchers have consistently reported that stalking is a disturbing reality for many individuals, especially youths. Cyberstalking, however, has received much less attention from the research community than stalking. Few estimates of Cyberstalking victimization or Cyberstalking offending have been published. The current study attempts to address these gaps by estimating lifetime prevalence of both Cyberstalking victimization and offending among a sample of undergraduates from a large urban university in the Midwest. Results show that 40.8% had experienced Cyberstalking victimization, with females, nonwhites, non-heterosexuals, and non-singles disproportionately experiencing Cyberstalking. Approximately 4.9% of students had perpetrated Cyberstalking, but there were few differences in offending across students’ demographic characteristics.
Bonnie S Fisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cyberstalking perpetration among young adults an assessment of the effects of low self control and moral disengagement
Crime & Delinquency, 2021Co-Authors: Erica R. Fissel, Bonnie S Fisher, Joseph L NedelecAbstract:The current study sought to explain Cyberstalking perpetration using low self-control and moral disengagement frameworks. Self-report survey data collected from a Mechanical Turk sample of 1,500 yo...
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explaining Cyberstalking victimization against college women using a multitheoretical approach self control opportunity and control balance
Crime & Delinquency, 2018Co-Authors: Bradford W Reyns, Bonnie S Fisher, Ryan RandaAbstract:The foci of the present study are to estimate the extent of Cyberstalking victimization, and develop, specify, and test a theoretically based model of Cyberstalking victimization among college women. A pursuit- and fear-based measure of victimization was utilized, and three leading theories—self-control, opportunity, and control balance—were tested as explanations of Cyberstalking victimization. Key concepts from each theoretical perspective were operationalized using primary survey data from a probability sample of college women (N = 1,987) from two large universities. Results show that approximately 3.4% of female students were victims of Cyberstalking during the academic year. Findings from a path model revealed significant direct effects for opportunity and having a control deficit on Cyberstalking. The effects of self-control were indirect through these two measures, whereas having a control surplus was not related to victimization risk. Overall, findings support the application of these three theore...
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guardians of the cyber galaxy an empirical and theoretical analysis of the guardianship concept from routine activity theory as it applies to online forms of victimization
Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 2016Co-Authors: Bradford W Reyns, Billy Henson, Bonnie S FisherAbstract:The present study examines the guardianship concept from routine activity theory with respect to its utility in reducing the risk for Cyberstalking victimization. Offline guardianship is examined as a possible protective factor against online victimization, along with individuals’ online routine activities. Data were collected from a large sample of students from an urban university in the Midwest through a self-report web-based victimization survey. Results suggest that offline guardianship does not protect individuals from Cyberstalking victimization and that online target hardening may yield greater prevention benefits. Study findings are discussed in light of the current state of the body of online routine activity research, particularly regarding how to define and operationalize guardians and guardianship against online victimization.
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Protection Against Pursuit: A Conceptual and Empirical Comparison of Cyberstalking and Stalking Victimization Among a National Sample
Justice Quarterly, 2012Co-Authors: Matt R. Nobles, Bradford W Reyns, Kathleen A. Fox, Bonnie S FisherAbstract:Cyberstalking is a relatively understudied area in criminology, with no consensus among scholars as to whether it represents a modified form of stalking or whether it is an entirely new and emerging criminal phenomenon. Using data from the 2006 Supplemental Victimization Survey (SVS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), this study compares stalking and Cyberstalking victims across several dimensions, including situational features of their experiences and self-protective behaviors. Results indicate that there are significant differences between stalking and Cyberstalking victims, including their number of self-protective behaviors adopted, duration of contact with their stalker, financial costs of victimization, and perceived fear at onset. Perceived fear over time, the occurrence of a physical attack, and sex of the victim were all associated with a higher number of self-protective behaviors for Cyberstalking victims compared to stalking victims, net of the effect of the control variables. ...
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stalking in the twilight zone extent of Cyberstalking victimization and offending among college students
Deviant Behavior, 2012Co-Authors: Bradford W Reyns, Billy Henson, Bonnie S FisherAbstract:Over the last decade, researchers have consistently reported that stalking is a disturbing reality for many individuals, especially youths. Cyberstalking, however, has received much less attention from the research community than stalking. Few estimates of Cyberstalking victimization or Cyberstalking offending have been published. The current study attempts to address these gaps by estimating lifetime prevalence of both Cyberstalking victimization and offending among a sample of undergraduates from a large urban university in the Midwest. Results show that 40.8% had experienced Cyberstalking victimization, with females, nonwhites, non-heterosexuals, and non-singles disproportionately experiencing Cyberstalking. Approximately 4.9% of students had perpetrated Cyberstalking, but there were few differences in offending across students’ demographic characteristics.
Paul Bocij - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oviar towards a model for Cyberstalking intervention and reduction
International Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Paul BocijAbstract:Despite more than two decades of research, relatively little is known about cyber stalking and similar phenomena. In particular, the existing literature tells us little about how cases unfold, how they can be managed or how we can work towards reduction. This paper presents a model depicting the dynamics and lifecycle of a cyber stalking episode. While primarily concerned with Cyberstalking, the model may also be relevant to other forms of victimisation and is accordingly titled the Online Victimisation Intervention & Reduction (OVIAR) Model. Cyberstalking is shown as an iterative cycle made up of discrete stages. It is argued that each stage provides opportunities to deter the cyberstalker allowing the model to offer guidance about which interventions may be effective at a given point in the lifecycle. In proposing the model, the work draws upon a number of areas including information systems, criminology and psychology. A key part of the discussion involves the decision behaviour of the cyberstalker. It is argued that Cyberstalking incidents involve a number of decision points that may serve to curtail or escalate the cyberstalker’s activities. The decisions made by the cyberstalker will be influenced by several factors, including the feedback he receives from his actions. Understanding how cyberstalkers make decisions can provide opportunities to prevent discourage further acts of harassment against victims. It may also benefit attempts to reduce or prevent victimisation in the first place. In discussing these areas, we draw upon areas such as rational choice theory, victim coping responses and the notions of intrinsic and extrinsic feedback.The model is intended to be understandable by a wide range of stakeholders, including law enforcement, technology professionals and victims themselves. For those involved in dealing with Cyberstalking, it provides a tool that can be used to inform the management of cases. For academics, it is intended to provide a framework for further discussion and research.
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Cyberstalking tra gli infermieri italiani studio multicentrico
Professioni infermieristiche, 2016Co-Authors: Dania Comparcini, Paul Bocij, Valentina Simonetti, Roberto Lupo, Francesco Galli, Giancarlo CicoliniAbstract:Scopo. Determinare la prevalenza di Cyberstalking tra gli infermieri italiani e valutare il livello di ansia e depressione nelle vittime.Metodo. Da aprile a settembre 2014 e stato condotto uno studio multicentrico trasversale in un campione di infermieri italiani (n=997) utilizzando il questionario "Cyberstalking" per analizzare il fenomeno del Cyberstalking. Ai partecipanti, che si sono autodefinite vittime di Cyberstalking, e stato chiesto anche di compilare gli strumenti "Beck Depression Inventory" e "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory" per valutare, rispettivamente, i livelli di depressione ed ansia.Risultati. La prevalenza di Cyberstalking tra gli infermieri italiani e risultata pari al 23.3%. Il 42.7% ha dovuto cambiare il proprio stile di vita e lavorativo. Il cyberstalker era prevalentemente di sesso maschile (52%) e, nel 49% dei casi, era un paziente. Le vittime hanno riferito moderati livelli di ansia (media=28.4, SD=23.2) e depressione (media=92.7, SD=18.3); i risultati hanno mostrato un aumento dei livelli di depressione negli infermieri esperti nell'utilizzo del computer, gestori di siti web o blog (F = 3.866; p<0.05), e una correlazione negativa tra il livello di ansia e gli infermieri esperti (r = -0.264, p<0.01).Conclusioni. Il Cyberstalking e un fenomeno che si riscontra frequentemente tra gli infermieri. Il rapporto infermiere - paziente gioca un ruolo centrale nello sviluppo del fenomeno e le vittime hanno riferito disordini correlati allo stress che influenzano la vita lavorativa. Questi risultati preliminari potrebbero sensibilizzare, i dirigenti ospedalieri, la politica e i centri antiviolenza al fine di sviluppare strategie risolutive a sostegno delle vittime.Parole chiave: Cyberstalking, internet, infermieri. Cyberstalking among Italian nurses: a large multicentric studyAim. Assess the prevalence of Cyberstalking among Italian nurses and anxiety and depression levels reported by the victims.Method. A cross-sectional multicentric study was carried out from April to September 2014 in a sample of Italian nurses (n=997) by using the "Cyberstalking" questionnaire to assess the Cyberstalking phenomenon. Participants, who were self-defined Cyberstalking victims, also were asked to complete the "Beck Depression Inventory" and the "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory" questionnaires.Results. The prevalence of Cyberstalking among Italian nurses was 23.3%. The 42.7% changed their living and working habits. Mainly, the cyberstalker was male (52%) and was a patient (49%). The victims reported moderate levels of depression and anxiety (mean=28.4, SD=23.2; mean=92.7, SD=18.3, respectively); the results showed an increased level of depression in nurses with more experience in the use of computer as managers of websites or blogs (F = 3.866; p<0.05) and a negative correlation between the level of anxiety and experienced nurses (r = -0.264, p<0.01).Conclusion. The Cyberstalking is a frequently occurring phenomenon among Italian nurses. The relationship between nurse and patient play a pivotal role in the development of the phenomenon and the victims reported stress levels-related disorders that affect working life. These preliminary findings could sensitize health care decision makers, policy and the centers of anti violence in the prevention of the phenomenon, and to develop decisive strategies to help the victims.Keywords: Cyberstalking, internet, nurses
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Cyberstalking harassment in the internet age and how to protect your family
2004Co-Authors: Paul BocijAbstract:Acknowledgments Dedication Introduction What Is Cyberstalking? Stalking or Cyberstalking? The Incidence and Prevalence of Cyberstalking Who Are the Cyberstalkers? Who Are the Victims of Cyberstalkers? What Motivates Cyberstalkers? Threats to Young People Cyberstalking and Organizations Cyberstalking and the Law Dealing with Cyberstalking Glossary Bibliography
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victims of Cyberstalking an exploratory study of harassment perpetrated via the internet
First Monday, 2003Co-Authors: Paul BocijAbstract:This paper describes the first study to focus exclusively on the prevalence and impact of Cyberstalking. A Web-based questionnaire was used to collect data from a group of respondents who were recruited by snowball sampling via e-mail. A total of 169 respondents completed the questionnaire. The results of the study found that approximately a third of respondents might be considered victims of Cyberstalking. Furthermore, when asked to indicate the level of distress felt as a result of their experiences, almost a quarter of respondents chose a value of ten on a ten-point scale. The study also suggests a number of differences between Cyberstalking and offline stalking, for instance Cyberstalking tends to take place over a shorter period of time than offline stalking and Cyberstalking victims are less likely to know the identify of their harassers. These differences add weight to the argument that Cyberstalking should be seen as a new form of deviant behaviour that can be distinguished from offline stalking. The work concludes by emphasising a need for further research.
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Cyberstalking the technology of hate
The Police Journal, 2003Co-Authors: Paul Bocij, Leroy McfarlaneAbstract:This article discusses the emergence of Cyberstalking as a means of victimising individuals and minority groups. However, rather than focusing on the activities of far-right groups, we discuss how technology can encourage individuals to harass others. The central argument made is that technology both enables and invites participation in criminal or antisocial behaviour from individuals who would not normally take part in such activities. One way in which this can be explained is by suggesting that some of the social and technological characteristics of the Internet act together in order to lower inhibitions and establish new norms. For instance, the anonymity offered by the Internet enables people to participate in activities such as encouraging violence against others with little fear of retaliation. In addition, by allowing a cyberstalker to harm another person at a distance, the victim is effectively depersonalised. In this way it can be argued that some of those who sympathise with the goals of far-right organisations may be reluctant to act in the offline world but more willing to act in the online world.
Jason Nicholson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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i m watching you Cyberstalking behaviors of university students in romantic relationships
American Journal of Criminal Justice, 2017Co-Authors: Catherine D Marcum, George E Higgins, Jason NicholsonAbstract:As technology has become an ever-present facet in the lives of young people, they have become reliant on it to form and maintain relationships. It has also helped facilitate negative relationship behaviors, such as the monitoring of romantic partners without their permission (aka Cyberstalking). The purpose of this study is to investigate theoretical predictors of Cyberstalking in a sample of university students by applying General Theory of Crime and Social Learning Theory. Results indicated that low selfcontrol and deviant peer association are significant predictors of Cyberstalking, specifically attempting to log-in to a person’s social media, as well as social media presence and sex.
Catherine D Marcum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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i m watching you Cyberstalking behaviors of university students in romantic relationships
American Journal of Criminal Justice, 2017Co-Authors: Catherine D Marcum, George E Higgins, Jason NicholsonAbstract:As technology has become an ever-present facet in the lives of young people, they have become reliant on it to form and maintain relationships. It has also helped facilitate negative relationship behaviors, such as the monitoring of romantic partners without their permission (aka Cyberstalking). The purpose of this study is to investigate theoretical predictors of Cyberstalking in a sample of university students by applying General Theory of Crime and Social Learning Theory. Results indicated that low selfcontrol and deviant peer association are significant predictors of Cyberstalking, specifically attempting to log-in to a person’s social media, as well as social media presence and sex.
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addicted to the thrill of the virtual hunt examining the effects of internet addiction on the Cyberstalking behaviors of juveniles
Deviant Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Jordana N Navarro, Catherine D Marcum, George E Higgins, Melissa L RickettsAbstract:ABSTRACTThe rapid advancement of technology has produced several substantial benefits that enrich individuals’ lives, but some also note that technology has provided new methods to engage in crime—particularly stalking. This investigation was one of the first to explore whether a relationship existed between Cyberstalking and a new phenomenon becoming a pressing issue in the lives of adolescents: Internet Addiction. High school students in a rural North Carolina country were surveyed about their Internet behaviors and experiences. After analysis, the results indicated there is a significant relationship between Internet Addiction and Cyberstalking in adolescents.
