Cytorhabdovirus

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Ralf G. Dietzgen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • natural defect of a plant rhabdovirus glycoprotein gene a case study of virus plant coevolution
    Phytopathology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Song Zhang, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Aijun Huang, Xin Zhou, Changyong Zhou, Mengji Cao
    Abstract:

    Seven isolates of a putative Cytorhabdovirus (family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales) designated as citrus-associated rhabdovirus (CiaRV) were identified in citrus, passion fruit, and paper bush from the same geographical area in China. CiaRV, bean-associated Cytorhabdovirus (Brazil), and papaya virus E (Ecuador) should be taxonomically classified in the species Papaya Cytorhabdovirus. Due to natural mutations, the glycoprotein (G) and P4 genes were impaired in citrus-infecting isolates of CiaRV, resulting in an atypical rhabdovirus genome organization of 3' leader-N-P-P3-M-L-5' trailer. The P3 protein of CiaRV shared a common origin with begomoviral movement proteins (family Geminiviridae). Secondary structure analysis and trans-complementation of movement-deficient tomato mosaic virus and potato virus X mutants by CiaRV P3 supported its function in viral cell-to-cell trafficking. The wide geographical dispersal of CiaRV and related viruses suggests an efficient transmission mechanism, as well as an underlying risk to global agriculture. Both the natural phenomenon and experimental analyses demonstrated presence of the "degraded" type of CiaRV in citrus, in parallel to "undegraded" types in other host plant species. This case study shows a plant virus losing the function of an important but nonessential gene, likely due to host shift and adaption, which deepened our understanding of course of natural viral diversification.

  • Molecular characterization of a novel Cytorhabdovirus with a unique genomic organization infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Argentina
    Archives of Virology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo, Soledad Breuil, Oscar A. Ruiz, Pedro Sansberro, Claudia Nome, Humberto Debat
    Abstract:

    The genome of a novel rhabdovirus was detected in yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). The newly identified virus, tentatively named "yerba mate virus A" (YmVA), has a genome of 14,961 nucleotides. Notably, eight open reading frames were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, including two novel accessory genes, in the order 3′-N-P-3-4-M-G-L-8-5′. Sequence comparisons of the encoded proteins as well as phylogenetic analysis suggest that YmVA is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae . YmVA's unique genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships indicate that this virus likely represents a distinct evolutionary lineage among the Cytorhabdoviruses.

  • Molecular characterization of a novel Cytorhabdovirus with a unique genomic organization infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Argentina
    2020
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo, Soledad Breuil, Oscar A. Ruiz, Pedro Sansberro, Claudia Nome, Humberto Debat
    Abstract:

    The genome of a novel rhabdovirus was detected in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). The newly identified virus, tentatively named yerba mate virus A (YmVA), has a genome of 14,961 nucleotides. Notably, eight open reading frames were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, including two novel accessory genes, in the order 39-N-P-3-4-M-G-L-8-59. Sequence identity of the encoded proteins as well as phylogenetic analysis suggest that YmVA is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. YmVA unique genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships indicate that this virus likely represents a distinct evolutionary lineage within the Cytorhabdoviruses.

  • Complete genome sequence of maize sterile stunt virus
    Archives of Virology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ralf G. Dietzgen, Colleen M. Higgins
    Abstract:

    Based on serology, cytopathology, cereal host range and leafhopper vector, maize sterile stunt virus (MSSV) has been regarded as a strain of the Cytorhabdovirus barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV). Here, we report the first-ever sequence of MSSV, comprising the complete genome of 12,561 nucleotides. Detailed analysis of genome organization, coding and non-coding sequences, and phylogeny confirms the close relationship to BYSMV and supports classification of this virus a strain of BYSMV.

  • Distribution and genetic variability of alfalfa dwarf virus, a Cytorhabdovirus associated with alfalfa dwarf disease in Argentina
    Virus Genes, 2018
    Co-Authors: Samira Samarfard, Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen
    Abstract:

    In 2010, a novel Cytorhabdovirus named alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV) was detected for the first time in lucerne crops in Argentina showing dwarfism, in mixed infections with several other viruses. ADV appears to be endemic to Argentina and has not been reported elsewhere. In this study, we have investigated the genetic variability of ADV based on the complete nucleoprotein (N) gene of 13 isolates from different lucerne-growing regions in Argentina. Phylogenetic and sequence identity analyses showed that all ADV isolates are closely related and have not diverged more than 1% in the N gene despite geographical separation. These data provide further evidence that ADV is new to science and emerged and spread very recently. A total of 43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified between the ADV isolates studied. Analysis of N gene ORF sequence revealed a mutational bias, with more transitions than transversions. In all cases, the ratio of non-synonymous/synonymous nucleotide changes was

Nicolás Bejerman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Molecular characterization of a novel Cytorhabdovirus with a unique genomic organization infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Argentina
    Archives of Virology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo, Soledad Breuil, Oscar A. Ruiz, Pedro Sansberro, Claudia Nome, Humberto Debat
    Abstract:

    The genome of a novel rhabdovirus was detected in yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). The newly identified virus, tentatively named "yerba mate virus A" (YmVA), has a genome of 14,961 nucleotides. Notably, eight open reading frames were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, including two novel accessory genes, in the order 3′-N-P-3-4-M-G-L-8-5′. Sequence comparisons of the encoded proteins as well as phylogenetic analysis suggest that YmVA is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae . YmVA's unique genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships indicate that this virus likely represents a distinct evolutionary lineage among the Cytorhabdoviruses.

  • Molecular characterization of a novel Cytorhabdovirus with a unique genomic organization infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Argentina
    2020
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo, Soledad Breuil, Oscar A. Ruiz, Pedro Sansberro, Claudia Nome, Humberto Debat
    Abstract:

    The genome of a novel rhabdovirus was detected in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). The newly identified virus, tentatively named yerba mate virus A (YmVA), has a genome of 14,961 nucleotides. Notably, eight open reading frames were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, including two novel accessory genes, in the order 39-N-P-3-4-M-G-L-8-59. Sequence identity of the encoded proteins as well as phylogenetic analysis suggest that YmVA is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. YmVA unique genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships indicate that this virus likely represents a distinct evolutionary lineage within the Cytorhabdoviruses.

  • Distribution and genetic variability of alfalfa dwarf virus, a Cytorhabdovirus associated with alfalfa dwarf disease in Argentina
    Virus Genes, 2018
    Co-Authors: Samira Samarfard, Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen
    Abstract:

    In 2010, a novel Cytorhabdovirus named alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV) was detected for the first time in lucerne crops in Argentina showing dwarfism, in mixed infections with several other viruses. ADV appears to be endemic to Argentina and has not been reported elsewhere. In this study, we have investigated the genetic variability of ADV based on the complete nucleoprotein (N) gene of 13 isolates from different lucerne-growing regions in Argentina. Phylogenetic and sequence identity analyses showed that all ADV isolates are closely related and have not diverged more than 1% in the N gene despite geographical separation. These data provide further evidence that ADV is new to science and emerged and spread very recently. A total of 43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified between the ADV isolates studied. Analysis of N gene ORF sequence revealed a mutational bias, with more transitions than transversions. In all cases, the ratio of non-synonymous/synonymous nucleotide changes was

  • distribution and genetic variability of alfalfa dwarf virus a Cytorhabdovirus associated with alfalfa dwarf disease in argentina
    Virus Genes, 2018
    Co-Authors: Samira Samarfard, Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen
    Abstract:

    In 2010, a novel Cytorhabdovirus named alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV) was detected for the first time in lucerne crops in Argentina showing dwarfism, in mixed infections with several other viruses. ADV appears to be endemic to Argentina and has not been reported elsewhere. In this study, we have investigated the genetic variability of ADV based on the complete nucleoprotein (N) gene of 13 isolates from different lucerne-growing regions in Argentina. Phylogenetic and sequence identity analyses showed that all ADV isolates are closely related and have not diverged more than 1% in the N gene despite geographical separation. These data provide further evidence that ADV is new to science and emerged and spread very recently. A total of 43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified between the ADV isolates studied. Analysis of N gene ORF sequence revealed a mutational bias, with more transitions than transversions. In all cases, the ratio of non-synonymous/synonymous nucleotide changes was < 1, indicating that ADV N gene is under predominantly purifying selection.

  • Molecular characterization of yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus, a putative Cytorhabdovirus infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis)
    Archives of virology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Soledad Breuil, Humberto Debat, Marcos Mateo Miretti, Alejandra Badaracco, Claudia Nome
    Abstract:

    We present the molecular characterization of a new virus infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) in Argentina. Deep sequencing of diseased yerba mate plants showing chlorotic linear patterns, chlorotic rings, and vein yellowing resulted in the identification of a new virus resembling plant rhabdoviruses in sequence and genome structure. We have determined the complete genome sequence of this virus, which is 12,876 nt long. Seven open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, in the order 3'-N-P-P3-P4-M-G-L-5'. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the described virus is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, which was supported by the observation of rhabdovirus-like particles within the cytoplasm of infected yerba mate cells. The virus has been tentatively named "yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus" (YmCaV). The availability of the YmCaV genome sequence will contribute to assessing the genetic variability of this virus and determining its role in this yerba mate disease.

Claudia Nome - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Molecular characterization of a novel Cytorhabdovirus with a unique genomic organization infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Argentina
    Archives of Virology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo, Soledad Breuil, Oscar A. Ruiz, Pedro Sansberro, Claudia Nome, Humberto Debat
    Abstract:

    The genome of a novel rhabdovirus was detected in yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). The newly identified virus, tentatively named "yerba mate virus A" (YmVA), has a genome of 14,961 nucleotides. Notably, eight open reading frames were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, including two novel accessory genes, in the order 3′-N-P-3-4-M-G-L-8-5′. Sequence comparisons of the encoded proteins as well as phylogenetic analysis suggest that YmVA is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae . YmVA's unique genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships indicate that this virus likely represents a distinct evolutionary lineage among the Cytorhabdoviruses.

  • Molecular characterization of a novel Cytorhabdovirus with a unique genomic organization infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Argentina
    2020
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo, Soledad Breuil, Oscar A. Ruiz, Pedro Sansberro, Claudia Nome, Humberto Debat
    Abstract:

    The genome of a novel rhabdovirus was detected in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). The newly identified virus, tentatively named yerba mate virus A (YmVA), has a genome of 14,961 nucleotides. Notably, eight open reading frames were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, including two novel accessory genes, in the order 39-N-P-3-4-M-G-L-8-59. Sequence identity of the encoded proteins as well as phylogenetic analysis suggest that YmVA is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. YmVA unique genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships indicate that this virus likely represents a distinct evolutionary lineage within the Cytorhabdoviruses.

  • Molecular characterization of yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus, a putative Cytorhabdovirus infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis)
    Archives of virology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Soledad Breuil, Humberto Debat, Marcos Mateo Miretti, Alejandra Badaracco, Claudia Nome
    Abstract:

    We present the molecular characterization of a new virus infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) in Argentina. Deep sequencing of diseased yerba mate plants showing chlorotic linear patterns, chlorotic rings, and vein yellowing resulted in the identification of a new virus resembling plant rhabdoviruses in sequence and genome structure. We have determined the complete genome sequence of this virus, which is 12,876 nt long. Seven open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, in the order 3'-N-P-P3-P4-M-G-L-5'. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the described virus is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, which was supported by the observation of rhabdovirus-like particles within the cytoplasm of infected yerba mate cells. The virus has been tentatively named "yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus" (YmCaV). The availability of the YmCaV genome sequence will contribute to assessing the genetic variability of this virus and determining its role in this yerba mate disease.

  • complete genome sequence and integrated protein localization and interaction map for alfalfa dwarf virus which combines properties of both cytoplasmic and nuclear plant rhabdoviruses
    Virology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Soledad Breuil, Claudia Nome, Fabian Giolitti, Veronica Trucco, Sergio Lenardon, Ralf G. Dietzgen
    Abstract:

    We have determined the full-length 14,491-nucleotide genome sequence of a new plant rhabdovirus, alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV). Seven open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, in the order 3'-N-P-P3-M-G-P6-L-5'. The ORFs are separated by conserved intergenic regions and the genome coding region is flanked by complementary 3' leader and 5' trailer sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleoprotein amino acid sequence indicated that this alfalfa-infecting rhabdovirus is related to viruses in the genus Cytorhabdovirus. When transiently expressed as GFP fusions in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, most ADV proteins accumulated in the cell periphery, but unexpectedly P protein was localized exclusively in the nucleus. ADV P protein was shown to have a homotypic, and heterotypic nuclear interactions with N, P3 and M proteins by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. ADV appears unique in that it combines properties of both cytoplasmic and nuclear plant rhabdoviruses.

Humberto Debat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Molecular characterization of a novel Cytorhabdovirus with a unique genomic organization infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Argentina
    Archives of Virology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo, Soledad Breuil, Oscar A. Ruiz, Pedro Sansberro, Claudia Nome, Humberto Debat
    Abstract:

    The genome of a novel rhabdovirus was detected in yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). The newly identified virus, tentatively named "yerba mate virus A" (YmVA), has a genome of 14,961 nucleotides. Notably, eight open reading frames were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, including two novel accessory genes, in the order 3′-N-P-3-4-M-G-L-8-5′. Sequence comparisons of the encoded proteins as well as phylogenetic analysis suggest that YmVA is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae . YmVA's unique genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships indicate that this virus likely represents a distinct evolutionary lineage among the Cytorhabdoviruses.

  • Molecular characterization of a novel Cytorhabdovirus with a unique genomic organization infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Argentina
    2020
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo, Soledad Breuil, Oscar A. Ruiz, Pedro Sansberro, Claudia Nome, Humberto Debat
    Abstract:

    The genome of a novel rhabdovirus was detected in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). The newly identified virus, tentatively named yerba mate virus A (YmVA), has a genome of 14,961 nucleotides. Notably, eight open reading frames were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, including two novel accessory genes, in the order 39-N-P-3-4-M-G-L-8-59. Sequence identity of the encoded proteins as well as phylogenetic analysis suggest that YmVA is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. YmVA unique genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships indicate that this virus likely represents a distinct evolutionary lineage within the Cytorhabdoviruses.

  • Molecular characterization of yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus, a putative Cytorhabdovirus infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis)
    Archives of virology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Soledad Breuil, Humberto Debat, Marcos Mateo Miretti, Alejandra Badaracco, Claudia Nome
    Abstract:

    We present the molecular characterization of a new virus infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) in Argentina. Deep sequencing of diseased yerba mate plants showing chlorotic linear patterns, chlorotic rings, and vein yellowing resulted in the identification of a new virus resembling plant rhabdoviruses in sequence and genome structure. We have determined the complete genome sequence of this virus, which is 12,876 nt long. Seven open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, in the order 3'-N-P-P3-P4-M-G-L-5'. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the described virus is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, which was supported by the observation of rhabdovirus-like particles within the cytoplasm of infected yerba mate cells. The virus has been tentatively named "yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus" (YmCaV). The availability of the YmCaV genome sequence will contribute to assessing the genetic variability of this virus and determining its role in this yerba mate disease.

Soledad Breuil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Molecular characterization of a novel Cytorhabdovirus with a unique genomic organization infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Argentina
    Archives of Virology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo, Soledad Breuil, Oscar A. Ruiz, Pedro Sansberro, Claudia Nome, Humberto Debat
    Abstract:

    The genome of a novel rhabdovirus was detected in yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). The newly identified virus, tentatively named "yerba mate virus A" (YmVA), has a genome of 14,961 nucleotides. Notably, eight open reading frames were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, including two novel accessory genes, in the order 3′-N-P-3-4-M-G-L-8-5′. Sequence comparisons of the encoded proteins as well as phylogenetic analysis suggest that YmVA is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae . YmVA's unique genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships indicate that this virus likely represents a distinct evolutionary lineage among the Cytorhabdoviruses.

  • Molecular characterization of a novel Cytorhabdovirus with a unique genomic organization infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Argentina
    2020
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo, Soledad Breuil, Oscar A. Ruiz, Pedro Sansberro, Claudia Nome, Humberto Debat
    Abstract:

    The genome of a novel rhabdovirus was detected in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). The newly identified virus, tentatively named yerba mate virus A (YmVA), has a genome of 14,961 nucleotides. Notably, eight open reading frames were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, including two novel accessory genes, in the order 39-N-P-3-4-M-G-L-8-59. Sequence identity of the encoded proteins as well as phylogenetic analysis suggest that YmVA is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. YmVA unique genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships indicate that this virus likely represents a distinct evolutionary lineage within the Cytorhabdoviruses.

  • Molecular characterization of yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus, a putative Cytorhabdovirus infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis)
    Archives of virology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Soledad Breuil, Humberto Debat, Marcos Mateo Miretti, Alejandra Badaracco, Claudia Nome
    Abstract:

    We present the molecular characterization of a new virus infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) in Argentina. Deep sequencing of diseased yerba mate plants showing chlorotic linear patterns, chlorotic rings, and vein yellowing resulted in the identification of a new virus resembling plant rhabdoviruses in sequence and genome structure. We have determined the complete genome sequence of this virus, which is 12,876 nt long. Seven open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, in the order 3'-N-P-P3-P4-M-G-L-5'. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the described virus is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, which was supported by the observation of rhabdovirus-like particles within the cytoplasm of infected yerba mate cells. The virus has been tentatively named "yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus" (YmCaV). The availability of the YmCaV genome sequence will contribute to assessing the genetic variability of this virus and determining its role in this yerba mate disease.

  • complete genome sequence and integrated protein localization and interaction map for alfalfa dwarf virus which combines properties of both cytoplasmic and nuclear plant rhabdoviruses
    Virology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Nicolás Bejerman, Soledad Breuil, Claudia Nome, Fabian Giolitti, Veronica Trucco, Sergio Lenardon, Ralf G. Dietzgen
    Abstract:

    We have determined the full-length 14,491-nucleotide genome sequence of a new plant rhabdovirus, alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV). Seven open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in the antigenomic orientation of the negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA, in the order 3'-N-P-P3-M-G-P6-L-5'. The ORFs are separated by conserved intergenic regions and the genome coding region is flanked by complementary 3' leader and 5' trailer sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleoprotein amino acid sequence indicated that this alfalfa-infecting rhabdovirus is related to viruses in the genus Cytorhabdovirus. When transiently expressed as GFP fusions in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, most ADV proteins accumulated in the cell periphery, but unexpectedly P protein was localized exclusively in the nucleus. ADV P protein was shown to have a homotypic, and heterotypic nuclear interactions with N, P3 and M proteins by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. ADV appears unique in that it combines properties of both cytoplasmic and nuclear plant rhabdoviruses.