The Experts below are selected from a list of 204 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Janie Roberson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perspectives on expanded scope of practice in Cytotechnology.
Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 2018Co-Authors: Maria A Friedlander, Janie Roberson, Lynnette S. Pineault, Amy Wendel SpiczkaAbstract:Introduction In an effort to identify professional trends while offering meaningful resources to support decision making in the cytopathology community, the ASC/ASCP Workgroup: Focusing on Emerging Roles in Cytopathology conducted several data collection activities to assess the current state and professional trends of cytotechnologist (CT) practice. This information is intended to inform evidence-based development of education and workforce model(s). Materials and methods Research was conducted through mixed-method data collection processes. These included the ASCP Board of Certification (BOC) Practice Analysis, focus groups used to gather qualitative data regarding the perceptions and experiences of current stakeholders in cytopathology through face-to-face discussion, and a RAND Delphi study conducted to gather qualitative data regarding the perspectives and “pulse” of decision makers influencing cytopathology practice. Results Research findings reveal that practice patterns with new and emerging technologies are changing the workplace for many cytotechnologists. Cytotechnologists are increasingly performing tasks within the laboratory that extend beyond their formal training and are looking to professional societies to bridge the gap. Although many laboratory leaders embrace the use of cytotechnologists in expanded roles, regulatory restrictions and reimbursement rules are among acknowledged barriers to change. Conclusions This study examines current marketplace needs and cytotechnologists’ perceptions of their evolving workplace demands through qualitative data collection. This study provides a snapshot of the current climate of cytopathology and data that will help direct future education, personnel training needs, and staffing decisions.
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820 DOI: 10.1309/AJCPIB65OWHYYRBF © American Society for Clinical Pathology Anatomic Pathology / Cytotechnology Labor Market Cytotechnology Labor Market An
2016Co-Authors: Janie Roberson, Isam A. EltoumAbstract:Based on historic data, we recently developed a model for the Cytotechnology labor market that predicted shrinkage in the workforce secondary to a reduced demand for cytotechnologists that would offset any expected increase secondary to demographic changes in the number of women eligible for cervical cancer screening. In this report, we describe the comparison of our previous model with data that were available for the 2005-2009 period. As predicted, the Cytotechnology workforce experienced significant shrinkage. The 2008 wage decreased when adjusted for inflation, demand shifted downward significantly, and supply shifted, in response, slightly downward. In 2009 supply (6,064 available staff) and demand (6,355 open and filled positions) were lower than those of th
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Constructing a modern cytology laboratory: A toolkit for planning and design
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2013Co-Authors: Janie Roberson, Allison Wrenn, John Poole, Andrew Jaeger, Isam A. EltoumAbstract:Introduction: Constructing or renovating a laboratory can be both challenging and rewarding. UAB Cytology (UAB CY) recently undertook a project to relocate from a building constructed in 1928 to new space. UAB CY is part of an academic center that provides service to a large set of patients, support training of one Cytotechnology program and one cytopathology fellowship training program and involve actively in research and scholarly activity. Our objectives were to provide a safe, aesthetically pleasing space and gain efficiencies through lean processes. Methods: The phases of any laboratory design project are Planning, Schematic Design (SD), Design Development (DD), Construction Documents (CD) and Construction. Lab personnel are most critical in the Planning phase. During this time stakeholders, relationships, budget, square footage and equipment were identified. Equipment lists, including what would be relocated, purchased new and projected for future growth ensure that utilities were matched to expected need. A chemical inventory was prepared and adequate storage space was planned. Regulatory and safety requirements were discussed. Tours and high level process flow diagrams helped architects and engineers understand the laboratory daily work. Future needs were addressed through a questionnaire which identified potential areas of growth and technological change. Throughout the project, decisions were driven by data from the planning phase. During the SD phase, objective information from the first phase was used by architects and planners to create a general floor plan. This was the basis of a series of meetings to brainstorm and suggest modifications. DD brings more detail to the plans with engineering, casework, equipment specifics, finishes. Design changes should be completed at this phase. The next phase, CD took the project from the lab purview into purely technical mode. Construction documents were used by the contractor for the bidding process and ultimately the Construction phase. Results: The project fitted out a total of 9,000 square feet; 4,000 laboratory and 5,000 office/support. Lab space includes areas for Prep, CT screening, sign out and Imaging. Adjacent space houses faculty offices and conferencing facilities. Transportation time was reduced (waste removal) by a Pneumatic Tube System, specimen drop window to Prep Lab and a pass thru window to the screening area. Open screening and prep areas allow visual management control. Efficiencies were gained by ergonomically placing CT Manual and Imaging microscopes and computers in close proximity, also facilitating a paperless workflow for additional savings. Logistically, closer proximity to Surgical Pathology maximized the natural synergies between the areas. Conclusions: Lab construction should be a systematic process based on sound principles for safety, high quality testing, and finance. Our detailed planning and design process can be a model for others undertaking similar project
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Impact of expected changes in national papanicolaou test volume on the Cytotechnology labor market: an impending crisis.
American journal of clinical pathology, 2007Co-Authors: Isam A. Eltoum, Janie RobersonAbstract:With the new screening and treatment guidelines and the prospect of human papillomavirus vaccination for adolescents, the current total volume of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests will be significantly reduced. We used available data to assess the current supply and demand in the Cytotechnology labor market and how an expected change in Pap test volume impacts this market. Cytotechnologists' data were obtained from the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Board of Registry and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Data for wages and vacancies were obtained from American Society for Cytotechnologists and ASCP Surveys. Cytotechnology training program data were obtained from annual reports of the Cytotechnology Programs Review Committee of American Society for Cytopathology. In the current market, the demand for cytotechnologists increases by 3.6% and the supply by 4.0% each year. At any given time, there is a vacancy rate of 3%. In the coming years, the demand will decrease remarkably with a projected total demand for cytotechnologists of 5,623 instead of 8,033 by the year 2010 and of 8,538 instead of 14,146 by the year 2026. The Cytotechnology market faces an impending crisis. There is a high need for prospectively collected accurate data on demand for and supply of cytotechnologists.
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impact of hpv testing hpv vaccine development and changing screening frequency on national pap test volume projections from the national health interview survey nhis
Cancer, 2007Co-Authors: Isam A. Eltoum, Janie RobersonAbstract:BACKGROUND. The frequently cited number of 50 million annual Papanicolaou cervical screening (Pap) tests performed in the US was based on the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of the 1980s. Since then, monumental changes have occurred. More change will soon follow when primary human papilloma virus (HPV) testing and/or HPV vaccine delivery are fully accepted and implemented. The objectives of this study were 1) to estimate the total annual Pap tests performed in the US based on recent NHIS surveys, and 2) to estimate the potential change in the total annual Pap volume produced by changing demographics, reduced screening frequency, HPV testing, and the HPV vaccine. METHODS. In the NHIS 2000 and NHIS 2005, women were asked to report the frequency of their Pap tests for the 6 years prior to the interview and to report whether they had abnormal findings. The authors analyzed the survey respondents answers to these questions by using SAS Survey Procedures (SAS Institute, NC). The results were stratified by age, and the total national volume was then extrapolated from a similarly stratified 2000 US census. The projected increase of total Pap tests for the next 25 years was determined by using the projected census data. Potential reductions of Pap tests performed secondarily to HPV testing of women >30 years old and of HPV vaccination were also determined. RESULTS. Based on NHIS 2000 and NHIS 2005, 66 million (95% CI, 65–68) and 65 million (95% CI, 64–67) Pap tests were performed in the US, respectively. Had HPV testing been performed in women older than 30 years who had both negative HPV and negative 3-year Pap tests, then 30% (95% CI, 29–32%) of Pap tests would not have been performed. If both HPV testing and vaccination are performed, the total number of Pap tests performed annually is predicted to be reduced by 43% (95% CI, 35–38%). CONCLUSIONS. Therefore, despite an expected increase in the population of women eligible for Pap tests, the total number will likely decrease substantially in the future. This, in turn, will decrease the demand for a traditionally trained Cytotechnology workforce. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Isam A. Eltoum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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820 DOI: 10.1309/AJCPIB65OWHYYRBF © American Society for Clinical Pathology Anatomic Pathology / Cytotechnology Labor Market Cytotechnology Labor Market An
2016Co-Authors: Janie Roberson, Isam A. EltoumAbstract:Based on historic data, we recently developed a model for the Cytotechnology labor market that predicted shrinkage in the workforce secondary to a reduced demand for cytotechnologists that would offset any expected increase secondary to demographic changes in the number of women eligible for cervical cancer screening. In this report, we describe the comparison of our previous model with data that were available for the 2005-2009 period. As predicted, the Cytotechnology workforce experienced significant shrinkage. The 2008 wage decreased when adjusted for inflation, demand shifted downward significantly, and supply shifted, in response, slightly downward. In 2009 supply (6,064 available staff) and demand (6,355 open and filled positions) were lower than those of th
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Constructing a modern cytology laboratory: A toolkit for planning and design
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2013Co-Authors: Janie Roberson, Allison Wrenn, John Poole, Andrew Jaeger, Isam A. EltoumAbstract:Introduction: Constructing or renovating a laboratory can be both challenging and rewarding. UAB Cytology (UAB CY) recently undertook a project to relocate from a building constructed in 1928 to new space. UAB CY is part of an academic center that provides service to a large set of patients, support training of one Cytotechnology program and one cytopathology fellowship training program and involve actively in research and scholarly activity. Our objectives were to provide a safe, aesthetically pleasing space and gain efficiencies through lean processes. Methods: The phases of any laboratory design project are Planning, Schematic Design (SD), Design Development (DD), Construction Documents (CD) and Construction. Lab personnel are most critical in the Planning phase. During this time stakeholders, relationships, budget, square footage and equipment were identified. Equipment lists, including what would be relocated, purchased new and projected for future growth ensure that utilities were matched to expected need. A chemical inventory was prepared and adequate storage space was planned. Regulatory and safety requirements were discussed. Tours and high level process flow diagrams helped architects and engineers understand the laboratory daily work. Future needs were addressed through a questionnaire which identified potential areas of growth and technological change. Throughout the project, decisions were driven by data from the planning phase. During the SD phase, objective information from the first phase was used by architects and planners to create a general floor plan. This was the basis of a series of meetings to brainstorm and suggest modifications. DD brings more detail to the plans with engineering, casework, equipment specifics, finishes. Design changes should be completed at this phase. The next phase, CD took the project from the lab purview into purely technical mode. Construction documents were used by the contractor for the bidding process and ultimately the Construction phase. Results: The project fitted out a total of 9,000 square feet; 4,000 laboratory and 5,000 office/support. Lab space includes areas for Prep, CT screening, sign out and Imaging. Adjacent space houses faculty offices and conferencing facilities. Transportation time was reduced (waste removal) by a Pneumatic Tube System, specimen drop window to Prep Lab and a pass thru window to the screening area. Open screening and prep areas allow visual management control. Efficiencies were gained by ergonomically placing CT Manual and Imaging microscopes and computers in close proximity, also facilitating a paperless workflow for additional savings. Logistically, closer proximity to Surgical Pathology maximized the natural synergies between the areas. Conclusions: Lab construction should be a systematic process based on sound principles for safety, high quality testing, and finance. Our detailed planning and design process can be a model for others undertaking similar project
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Impact of expected changes in national papanicolaou test volume on the Cytotechnology labor market: an impending crisis.
American journal of clinical pathology, 2007Co-Authors: Isam A. Eltoum, Janie RobersonAbstract:With the new screening and treatment guidelines and the prospect of human papillomavirus vaccination for adolescents, the current total volume of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests will be significantly reduced. We used available data to assess the current supply and demand in the Cytotechnology labor market and how an expected change in Pap test volume impacts this market. Cytotechnologists' data were obtained from the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Board of Registry and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Data for wages and vacancies were obtained from American Society for Cytotechnologists and ASCP Surveys. Cytotechnology training program data were obtained from annual reports of the Cytotechnology Programs Review Committee of American Society for Cytopathology. In the current market, the demand for cytotechnologists increases by 3.6% and the supply by 4.0% each year. At any given time, there is a vacancy rate of 3%. In the coming years, the demand will decrease remarkably with a projected total demand for cytotechnologists of 5,623 instead of 8,033 by the year 2010 and of 8,538 instead of 14,146 by the year 2026. The Cytotechnology market faces an impending crisis. There is a high need for prospectively collected accurate data on demand for and supply of cytotechnologists.
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impact of hpv testing hpv vaccine development and changing screening frequency on national pap test volume projections from the national health interview survey nhis
Cancer, 2007Co-Authors: Isam A. Eltoum, Janie RobersonAbstract:BACKGROUND. The frequently cited number of 50 million annual Papanicolaou cervical screening (Pap) tests performed in the US was based on the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of the 1980s. Since then, monumental changes have occurred. More change will soon follow when primary human papilloma virus (HPV) testing and/or HPV vaccine delivery are fully accepted and implemented. The objectives of this study were 1) to estimate the total annual Pap tests performed in the US based on recent NHIS surveys, and 2) to estimate the potential change in the total annual Pap volume produced by changing demographics, reduced screening frequency, HPV testing, and the HPV vaccine. METHODS. In the NHIS 2000 and NHIS 2005, women were asked to report the frequency of their Pap tests for the 6 years prior to the interview and to report whether they had abnormal findings. The authors analyzed the survey respondents answers to these questions by using SAS Survey Procedures (SAS Institute, NC). The results were stratified by age, and the total national volume was then extrapolated from a similarly stratified 2000 US census. The projected increase of total Pap tests for the next 25 years was determined by using the projected census data. Potential reductions of Pap tests performed secondarily to HPV testing of women >30 years old and of HPV vaccination were also determined. RESULTS. Based on NHIS 2000 and NHIS 2005, 66 million (95% CI, 65–68) and 65 million (95% CI, 64–67) Pap tests were performed in the US, respectively. Had HPV testing been performed in women older than 30 years who had both negative HPV and negative 3-year Pap tests, then 30% (95% CI, 29–32%) of Pap tests would not have been performed. If both HPV testing and vaccination are performed, the total number of Pap tests performed annually is predicted to be reduced by 43% (95% CI, 35–38%). CONCLUSIONS. Therefore, despite an expected increase in the population of women eligible for Pap tests, the total number will likely decrease substantially in the future. This, in turn, will decrease the demand for a traditionally trained Cytotechnology workforce. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Lehmann Jürgen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Super-Spinner: a low cost animal cell culture bioreactor for the CO 2 incubator
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 1994Co-Authors: Heidemann R., Lütkemeyer Dirk, Büntemeyer Heino, Riese U., Lehmann JürgenAbstract:Heidemann R, Riese U, Lütkemeyer D, Büntemeyer H, Lehmann J. The Super-Spinner: a low cost animal cell culture bioreactor for the CO 2 incubator. Cytotechnology. 1994;14(1):1-9.The production of small quantities of monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins was carried out using a new low cost production system, the Super Spinner. Into a 1 1 standard Duran(R) flask a membrane stirrer equipped with a polypropylene hollow fiber membrane was installed to improve the oxygen supply by bubble-free aeration. The aeration was facilitated by using the CO2 conditioned incubator gas, which was pumped through the membrane stirrer via a small membrane pump. The maximal oxygen transfer rate (OTR(max)) of the Super Spinner was detected. For this purpose one spinner flask was equipped with an oxygen electrode. The OTR(max) was measured by the dynamic method. The ratio of membrane length to culture volume was adapted corresponding to the oxygen uptake rate of the cells according to the desired cell density. A balanced nutrient supply resulted in an optimal formation and yield of products
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Design of a bubble-swarm bioreactor for animal cell culture
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 1994Co-Authors: Gudermann F, Lütkemeyer Dirk, Lehmann JürgenAbstract:Gudermann F, Lütkemeyer D, Lehmann J. Design of a bubble-swarm bioreactor for animal cell culture. Cytotechnology. 1994;15(1-3):301-309.A stationary bubble-swarm has been used to aerate a mammalian cell culture bioreactor with an extremely low gas flow rate. Prolonging the residence time of the gas bubbles within the medium improved the efficiency of the gas transfer into the liquid phase and suppressed foam formation. An appropriate field of speed gradients prevented the bubbles from rising to the surface. This aeration method achieves an almost 90% transfer of oxygen supplied by the bubbles. Consequently, it is able to supply cells with oxygen even at high cell densities, while sparging with a gas flow of only 0.22 x 10(-3) -1.45 x 10(-3) vvm (30-200 ml/h). The reactor design, the oxygen transfer rates and the high efficiency of the system are presented. Two repeated batch cultures of a rat-mouse hybridoma cell line are compared with a surface-aerated spinner culture. The used cell culture medium was serum-free, either with or without BSA and did not contain surfactants or other cell protecting agents. One batch is discussed in detail for oxygen supply, amino acid consumption and specific antibody production
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A direct computer control concept for mammalian cell fermentation processes
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 1994Co-Authors: Büntemeyer Heino, Marzahl Rainer, Lehmann JürgenAbstract:Büntemeyer H, Marzahl R, Lehmann J. A direct computer control concept for mammalian cell fermentation processes. Cytotechnology. 1994;15(1-3):271-279.In the last 10 years, new assignments and the special demands of mammalian cells to the culture conditions caused the development of complex small scale fermentation setups. The use of continuous fermentation and cell retention devices requires appropriate process control systems. An arrangement for control and data-acquisition of complex laboratory-scale bioreactors is presented. The fundamental idea was the usage of a standard personal computer, which is connected to pumps, valves and sensors via ADA-transformation. The possibility of free programming allowed the development of user-oriented software, especially designed for the far-reaching requirements of a university laboratory in the field of animal cell culture. Control of aeration, pumps, data-acquisition and data-storage are combined within one program, which allows the automation of standard operations like measurement of kLa- or OTR-values. Pump control algorithms for all common fermentation strategies (batch, fed batch, chemostat, perfusion) are included and can be selected any time during cultivation. Oxygen partial pressure and pH are controlled via direct digital control (ddc), providing simple adaption of control parameters and set points to current fermentation conditions
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Evaluation of membranes for use in on-line cell separation during mammalian cell perfusion processes
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 1994Co-Authors: Büntemeyer Heino, Bohme Christoph, Lehmann JürgenAbstract:Büntemeyer H, Bohme C, Lehmann J. Evaluation of membranes for use in on-line cell separation during mammalian cell perfusion processes. Cytotechnology. 1994;15(1-3):243-251.In this study two microporous hollow fibre membranes were evaluated for their use as cell retention device in continuous perfusion systems. A chemically modified permanent hydrophillic PTFE membrane and a hydrophilized PP membrane were tested. To investigate the filtration characteristic under process conditions each membrane was tested during a long term perfusion cultivation of a hybridoma cell line. In both cultivations the conditions influencing membrane filtration (e.g. transmembrane flux) were kept constant. Filtration behaviour was investigated by monitoring transmembrane pressure and protein permeability. Transmembrane pressure was measured on-line with an autoclavable piezo-resistive pressure sensor. Protein permeability was determined by quantitative evaluation of unreduced, Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE. The membrane fouling process influences the filtration characteristic of both membranes in a different way. After fermentation the PP membrane was blocked by a thick gel layer located in the big outer pores of the asymmetric membrane structure. The hydraulic resistance was higher but the protein permeability was slightly better than of the PTFE membrane. For this reason the PP membrane should be preferred. On the other hand, transmembrane pressure decreases slower when the PTFE membrane is used, which favours this membrane for long term cultivations, especially when low molecular weight proteins (
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Optimal medium use for continuous high density perfusion processes
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 1992Co-Authors: Büntemeyer Heino, Wallerius Claus, Lehmann JürgenAbstract:Büntemeyer H, Wallerius C, Lehmann J. Optimal medium use for continuous high density perfusion processes. Cytotechnology. 1992;9(1-3):59-67.For maintenance of high cell density in continuous perfusion processes not only feeding with substrates but also removal of inhibitors and toxic waste products are of special interest. High perfusion rates cause large volumes of product containing medium which have to be processed in product isolation. In order to minimize these volumes concentrated feed solutions of optimized medium are used. On the other hand, such media may cause high concentrations of toxic or inhibitory metabolites which can negatively influence cell growth and product formation. Especially, if the spent medium (or special parts of it) is used again after product isolation, the removal or even better the control of inhibitor production is of highest importance. We have developed a continuous fermentation concept and system (continuous medium cycle bioreactor, (MCB) in which both limitation and inhibition effects can be generated to identify special substances as limiting or inhibitory components. With the results from those experiments it was possible to lower the total perfusion rate during serum-free perfusion cultures of hybridoma cells and to obtain an optimal substrate utilization. The advantages for decreasing the production costs (for media, special supplements and product isolation) are obvious. The other aim of this study was to identify secreted metabolic waste products as inhibitor or toxic metabolite
Ottowilhelm Merten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an experimental rabies vaccine produced with a new bhk 21 suspension cell culture process use of serum free medium and perfusion reactor system
Vaccine, 1995Co-Authors: Pierre Perrin, Shampur Narayan Madhusudana, Corinne Gontierjallet, Stephane Petres, Noel Tordo, Ottowilhelm MertenAbstract:An experimental rabies vaccine was prepared from the BHK-21 cell line adapted to culture in suspension using bioreactors. A new serum-free medium (MDSS2) (Merten et al., Cytotechnology, 1994, 14, 47) developed for the culture of various cell lines and for the production of several biologicals, was used for cell culture and virus production. The PV-Paris/BHK-21 rabies virus strain (adapted to the BHK-21 grown in monolayer) was adapted to BHK-21 cells cultivated in suspension and in the serum-free medium. High titres of rabies virus were obtained with bioreactors equipped with a perfusion system using BHK-21 cells grown in suspension in MDSS2. Experimental vaccines were prepared and had satisfactory protective activity when tested in mice. This new and low cost technology for rabies vaccine production could be suitable for developing countries where rabies is an important health problem.
Shampur Narayan Madhusudana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an experimental rabies vaccine produced with a new bhk 21 suspension cell culture process use of serum free medium and perfusion reactor system
Vaccine, 1995Co-Authors: Pierre Perrin, Shampur Narayan Madhusudana, Corinne Gontierjallet, Stephane Petres, Noel Tordo, Ottowilhelm MertenAbstract:An experimental rabies vaccine was prepared from the BHK-21 cell line adapted to culture in suspension using bioreactors. A new serum-free medium (MDSS2) (Merten et al., Cytotechnology, 1994, 14, 47) developed for the culture of various cell lines and for the production of several biologicals, was used for cell culture and virus production. The PV-Paris/BHK-21 rabies virus strain (adapted to the BHK-21 grown in monolayer) was adapted to BHK-21 cells cultivated in suspension and in the serum-free medium. High titres of rabies virus were obtained with bioreactors equipped with a perfusion system using BHK-21 cells grown in suspension in MDSS2. Experimental vaccines were prepared and had satisfactory protective activity when tested in mice. This new and low cost technology for rabies vaccine production could be suitable for developing countries where rabies is an important health problem.
