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Kevin S. Powell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hot water immersion as a disinfestation treatment for grapevine root cuttings against genetically diverse grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch
Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 2019Co-Authors: C.w. Clarke, S. Norng, B.m. Carmody, D. Yuanpeng, Kevin S. PowellAbstract:Background and Aims Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, is an important biosecurity pest in Australia. As part of a management strategy, movement of grapevine cuttings, rootlings and propagation material must comply with the National Phylloxera Management Protocols which recommend a hot water treatment. This study validated the effectiveness of the protocol against genetically diverse phylloxera strains and developmental stages. Methods and Results Excised roots of Vitis vinifera L. infested with first instars of phylloxera G1, G4, G7, G19, G20 and G30 genetic strains, and eggs, intermediates and adult stages of G4 were immersed in water for 5 and 30 min at 22, 40, 45, 50 and 54°C. Treatments of 45°C for 30 min and >50°C for a minimum of 5 min resulted in 100% mortality of first instars across all six genetic strains as well as eggs, intermediates and adults of phylloxera G4 strain. Insects survived at 22 and 40°C when immersed for 5 and 30 min and 45°C for 5 min and subsequently developed into egg laying adults. Conclusions Hot water immersion for grapevine root material, as currently recommended in the National Phylloxera Management Protocols is effective for disinfestation of genetically diverse phylloxera and developmental stages. A lower temperature treatment of 45°C for 30 min was 100% effective across diverse strains and developmental stages. Significance of the Study Immersion duration and water temperature are important considerations for effective disinfestation of grapevine material against genetically diverse phylloxera strains and different developmental stages.
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Genetic identification of SNP markers linked to a new grape phylloxera resistant locus in Vitis cinerea for marker-assisted selection
BMC Plant Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Harley M. Smith, Catherine W. Clarke, Brady P. Smith, Bernadette M. Carmody, Mark R. Thomas, Peter R. Clingeleffer, Kevin S. PowellAbstract:Background Grape phylloxera ( Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is a major insect pest that negatively impacts commercial grapevine performance worldwide. Consequently, the use of phylloxera resistant rootstocks is an essential component of vineyard management. However, the majority of commercially available rootstocks used in viticulture production provide limited levels of grape phylloxera resistance, in part due to the adaptation of phylloxera biotypes to different Vitis species. Therefore, there is pressing need to develop new rootstocks better adapted to specific grape growing regions with complete resistance to grape phylloxera biotypes. Results Grapevine rootstock breeding material, including an accession of Vitis cinerea and V. aestivalis , DRX55 ([ M. rotundifolia x V. vinifera ] x open pollinated) and MS27-31 ( M. rotundifolia specific hybrid), provided complete resistance to grape phylloxera in potted plant assays. To map the genetic factor(s) of grape phylloxera resistance, a F_1 V. cinerea x V. vinifera Riesling population was screened for resistance. Heritability analysis indicates that the V. cinerea accession contained a single allele referred as RESISTANCE TO Daktulosphaira vitifoliae 2 ( RDV2 ) that confers grape phylloxera resistance. Using genetic maps constructed with pseudo-testcross markers for V. cinerea and Riesling, a single phylloxera resistance locus was identified in V. cinerea . After validating SNPs at the RDV2 locus, interval and linkage mapping showed that grape phylloxera resistance mapped to linkage group 14 at position 16.7 cM. Conclusion The mapping of RDV2 and the validation of markers linked to grape phylloxera resistance provides the basis to breed new rootstocks via marker-assisted selection that improve vineyard performance.
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Genetic identification of SNP markers linked to a new grape phylloxera resistant locus in Vitis cinerea for marker-assisted selection
BMC Plant Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Harley M. Smith, Catherine W. Clarke, Bernadette M. Carmody, Mark R. Thomas, Peter R. Clingeleffer, Brady Smith, Kevin S. PowellAbstract:Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is a major insect pest that negatively impacts commercial grapevine performance worldwide. Consequently, the use of phylloxera resistant rootstocks is an essential component of vineyard management. However, the majority of commercially available rootstocks used in viticulture production provide limited levels of grape phylloxera resistance, in part due to the adaptation of phylloxera biotypes to different Vitis species. Therefore, there is pressing need to develop new rootstocks better adapted to specific grape growing regions with complete resistance to grape phylloxera biotypes. Grapevine rootstock breeding material, including an accession of Vitis cinerea and V. aestivalis, DRX55 ([M. rotundifolia x V. vinifera] x open pollinated) and MS27-31 (M. rotundifolia specific hybrid), provided complete resistance to grape phylloxera in potted plant assays. To map the genetic factor(s) of grape phylloxera resistance, a F1 V. cinerea x V. vinifera Riesling population was screened for resistance. Heritability analysis indicates that the V. cinerea accession contained a single allele referred as RESISTANCE TO Daktulosphaira vitifoliae 2 (RDV2) that confers grape phylloxera resistance. Using genetic maps constructed with pseudo-testcross markers for V. cinerea and Riesling, a single phylloxera resistance locus was identified in V. cinerea. After validating SNPs at the RDV2 locus, interval and linkage mapping showed that grape phylloxera resistance mapped to linkage group 14 at position 16.7 cM. The mapping of RDV2 and the validation of markers linked to grape phylloxera resistance provides the basis to breed new rootstocks via marker-assisted selection that improve vineyard performance.
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Accounting for spatially heterogeneous conditions in local-scale surveillance strategies: case study of the biosecurity insect pest, grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch)).
Pest Management Science, 2018Co-Authors: Maggie D. Triska, Kevin S. Powell, Cassandra Collins, Inca Pearce, Michael RentonAbstract:BACKGROUND Surveillance strategies are often standardized and completed on grid patterns to detect pest incursions quickly; however, it may be possible to improve surveillance through more targeted observation that accounts for landscape heterogeneity, dispersal and the habitat requirements of the invading organism. We simulated pest spread at a local scale, using grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch)) as a case study, and assessed the influence of incorporating spatial heterogeneity into surveillance compared with current, standard surveillance strategies. RESULTS Time to detection and spread within and beyond the vineyard were reduced by conducting surveys that target sampling effort in soil that is highly suitable for the invading pest in comparison with standard surveillance strategies. However, these outcomes were dependent on the virulence level of phylloxera because phylloxera is a complex pest with multiple genotypes that influence spread and detectability. CONCLUSION Targeting surveillance strategies based on local-scale spatial heterogeneity can decrease the time to detection without increasing the survey cost, and surveillance that targets highly suitable soil is the most efficient strategy for detecting new incursions. In addition, combining targeted surveillance strategies with buffer zones and hygiene procedures, and updating surveillance strategies as additional species information becomes available, will further decrease the risk of pest spread. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Efficacy of steam and hot water disinfestation treatments against genetically diverse strains of grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) on viticulture equipment and machinery
Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 2017Co-Authors: C.w. Clarke, S. Norng, B.m. Carmody, D. Yuanpeng, Kevin S. PowellAbstract:Background and Aims In Australia, hot water immersion and steam application are recommended disinfestation strategies for harvesting bins, vineyard machinery and vehicles against grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch. This study validated the effectiveness of these two strategies against genetically diverse phylloxera strains. Methods and Results The first instars of six phylloxera genetic strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20 and G30, were subjected to steam projected from 8 and 24 cm, and from 92 cm for G1 only, for 10, 20 and 30 s. All steam treatments achieved 100% mortality across the six genetic strains. The efficacy of hot water treatment (HWT) against phylloxera was investigated by immersing first instars in a water bath set at 22, 40, 45, 50, 60 and 70°C for 60 and 120 s. Treatments of 50°C and above for a minimum of 60 s resulted in 100% mortality across the six genetic strains. Survival was observed at 40 and 45°C, and first instars subsequently established feeding sites, developed into adults and reproduced on excised grapevine roots. Conclusions Steam application and HWT, as currently recommended in the Australian National Phylloxera Management Protocol, are effective for disinfestation of diverse phylloxera strains. Significance of the Study This study has validated, for the first time, the efficacy of steam application and HWT against phylloxera first instars and highlights the potential to lower the recommendations for treatment duration and water temperature disinfestation while still achieving 100% mortality.
Astrid Forneck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The salivary gland proteome of root-galling grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) feeding on Vitis spp.
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Markus W Eitle, Michaela Griesser, James C. Carolan, Astrid ForneckAbstract:The successful parasitisation of a plant by a phytophagous insect is dependent on the delivery of effector molecules into the host. Sedentary gall forming insects, such as grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, Phylloxeridae), secrete multiple effectors into host plant tissues that alter or modulate the cellular and molecular environment to the benefit of the insect. The identification and characterisation of effector proteins will provide insight into the host-phylloxera interaction specifically the gall-induction processes and potential mechanisms of plant resistance. Using proteomic mass spectrometry and in-silico secretory prediction, 420 putative effectors were determined from the salivary glands or the root-feeding D. vitifoliae larvae reared on Teleki 5C (V. berlandieri x V. riparia). Among them, 170 conserved effectors were shared between D. vitifoliae and fourteen phytophagous insect species. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of five conserved effector candidates (protein disulfide-isomerase, peroxidoredoxin, peroxidase and a carboxypeptidase) revealed that their gene expression decreased, when larvae were starved for 24 h, supporting their assignment as effector molecules. The D. vitifoliae effectors identified here represent a functionally diverse group, comprising both conserved and unique proteins that provide new insight into the D. vitifoliae-Vitis spp. interaction and the potential mechanisms by which D. vitifoliae establishes the feeding site, suppresses plant defences and modulates nutrient uptake.
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phylloxeration effects on the sink activity and assimilation rate in phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae fitch infested grapevines vitis spp
Acta Horticulturae, 2017Co-Authors: Markus W Eitle, M Cargnoni, Crespo S Martinez, H P Kaul, A Acar, Osvaldo Failla, Michaela Griesser, Astrid ForneckAbstract:Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) induces root galls on tips of susceptible and partially resistant rootstocks. The monophagous parasite affects the host by inhibition of water- and mineral uptake, sink-source translocation, changes in secondary metabolisms and manipulation of root growth. Grafted phylloxerated vines rarely show severe plant damage. Compensation effects on leaf galled vines have been proposed, however no information is available for root galled vines. In two experiments we aimed to determine effects of root phylloxeration on the primary metabolism of Vitis spp. We hypothesise that affected vines respond with a compensation strategy consisting of an increased root growth, leaf respiration and photosynthetic activity. Experiment 1 was conducted to analyse phylloxeration effects on carbohydrate mobility within grafted vines (V. vinifera L. 'Pinot Noir' on SO4). Experiment 2 analyzed potential phylloxeration effects on vines under nitrogen deficiency on Teleki 5C (V. berlandieri × V. riparia). Assessed parameters included plant phenology, quantitative plant growth, levels of macro and micro nutrients, photosynthetic activity, gas exchange and activity of enzymes related to carbohydrate mobility (sucrose synthase, vacuolar invertase, cell wall invertase). Our results showed an increased root mass in combination with elevated carbon and nitrogen levels in the root system of phylloxerated vines. Gas exchange and enzymatic activity of enzymes related to carbohydrate mobility were increased upon phylloxeration. However shoot and berry growths were not reduced. In conclusion these results show that more carbohydrates are imported in the root system upon phylloxeration without reductions of shoot and berry growth indicating a compensation strategy of the host. However it is unclear whether grape phylloxera actively triggers the import of carbohydrates to the root system by potential effectors or the host counteracts the lack of nutrients withdrawn by the parasite.
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Aseptic dual culture of grape ( Vitis spp.) and grape phylloxera ( Daktulosphaira vitifoliae FITCH)
Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research, 2015Co-Authors: Astrid Forneck, M. A. Walker, Nikolaus MerktAbstract:An aseptic dual culture of grape phylloxera ( Daktulosphaira vitifoliae FITCH) and grape vine ( Vitis spp.) was developed. This method permits continuous observation of phylloxera feeding and the whole plant response on a dynamic basis. The plant/parasite interaction of three testplants ( V. vinifera L., var. Riesling, SO 4 ( V. berlandieri PLANCH. X V. riparia L.) and V. riparia , var. Gloire de Montpellier) are demonstrated by observing post-infectious reactions of the host- and population dynamics of the parasite. Different stages of phylloxera could be observed including nymphs, winged phylloxera (alatae) and sexual male phylloxera. Several potential applications for this aseptic dual culture are demonstrated.
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Karyotype studies on grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae FITCH)
Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research, 2015Co-Authors: Astrid Forneck, Y. Jin, A. Walker, R. BlaichAbstract:A cytogenetic technique was developed to produce suitable chromosome spreads for phylloxera karyotype analysis. The karyotype for pathogenetic phylloxera was 2 n = 10. Karyotypes from haploid sex cells were found to vary between n = 5 and n = 6, the latter possibly indicating an aneuploidic aberration. Tetra- and polyploid cells were detected in somatic trophocytes. Preparation of phylloxera sex and somatic cells for chromosomal analysis reported here enables the study of genetic variation on a chromosomal scale.
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No evidence of superclones in leaf-feeding forms of austrian grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae)
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2015Co-Authors: Astrid Forneck, Ulrike C. M. Anhalt, Roswitha Mammerler, Michaela GriesserAbstract:The genetic structure of ten grape phylloxera populations, sampled in summer of 2006 and 2007 from four distinct viticultural areas in Austria, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) was analyzed using six SSR markers ( Dvit1-Dvit6 ). Leaf-feeding populations were chosen from similar ecological habitats, where susceptible rootstock hosts have overtaken scions in abandoned vineyards and produce grape phylloxera populations. To study population structures and test for dominating genotypes, population genetic measures were performed. The genetic diversity detected within the entire set of 315 genotypes was high, with 223 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs). Excess of heterozygotes and significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in some populations indicated that the major reproduction mode in these populations is asexual but, sexual reproduction also confirmed by the sign. P _sex values. The genetic diversity within populations was higher than between populations, although only three overlapping genotypes could be found. MLGs were rare, indicating that no candidate for superclones were detected in the leaf-feeding populations studied.
Jeffrey Granett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reproductive mode and fine-scale population genetic structure of grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) in a viticultural area in California
BMC Genetics, 2013Co-Authors: Md-sajedul Islam, Jeffrey Granett, Tamara L Roush, Michael Andrew Walker, Hong LinAbstract:Background Grape phylloxera ( Daktulosphaira vitifoliae ) is one of the world’s most important viticultural pests. However, the reproductive mode, genetic structure and host adaptation of phylloxera in various viticultural environments remains unclear. We examined reproductive mode and genetic structure of phylloxera by analyzing microsatellite makers across the samples from four vineyard-sites in California. Result The phylloxera populations in California are believed to have predominantly parthenogenetic reproduction. Therefore, genetic diversity of phylloxera is expected to be limited. However, this study showed relatively high levels of diversity in Napa and Yolo county populations with a large number of unique genotypes, average number of alleles (2.1 to 2.9) and observed heterozygosities (0.330 to 0.388) per vineyard-sites. Reproduction diversity index (G: N—unique genotypes versus number of samples) ranged from 0.500 to 0.656 among vineyard-sites. Both significant and non-significant P _sex (probability of sexual reproduction) were observed among different repeated genotypes within each vineyard. Moreover, high variation of F _IS was observed among different loci in each vineyard-site. Genetic structure analysis (UPGMA) and various measures of population differentiations ( F _ST, PCA, and gene flow estimates) consistently separated AXR#1 ( Vitis vinifera x V. rupestris —widely planted in California during the 1960s and 1970s) associated populations from the populations associated with other different rootstocks. Conclusion Genetic diversity, G: N ratio, P _sex and F _IS consistently suggested the occurrence of both parthenogenetic and sexual reproduction in California populations. This study clearly identified two major groups of phylloxera obtained from various rootstocks, with one group exclusively associated with only AXR#1 rootstock, defined as “biotype B”, and another group associated with vinifera-based rootstocks, known as “biotype A”.
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New simple sequence repeat loci for the study of grape phylloxera ("Daktulosphaira vitifoliae") genetics and host adaptation
American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 2006Co-Authors: Hong Lin, M. A. Walker, Jeffrey GranettAbstract:Vineyard damage due to grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, has been controlled by resistant rootstocks for over 100 years. There are now a wide range of rootstocks used in California vineyards since the collapse of AXR#1. To study the effect of this rootstock diversity on phylloxera genetics and possible host adaptation, a set of microsatellite primers were developed to augment the four produced by [Corrie and colleagues (2002)][1]. In order to develop more microsatellite loci to improve the sensitivity and effectiveness of these markers for use in genetic diversity and rootstock adaptation studies, a subtractive-based hybridization strategy was used to construct microsatellite enriched genomic libraries from grape phylloxera DNA. Fifty loci were identified for primer design. Nineteen produced good PCR products, seven of which reliably detected polymorphisms across the 32 grape phylloxera populations tested. These seven SSR loci were used to distinguish genetic diversity in California and European grape phylloxera populations. Results confirm the utility of these loci for analyzing genetic diversity, “finger-printing” strains, and studying host associations. A significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the tested California populations suggests that parthenogenesis is perhaps the primary, if not only, reproductive system in California. [1]: #ref-1
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Grape Phylloxera Gallicole and Radicicole Activity on Grape Rootstock Vines
Hortscience, 2005Co-Authors: Jeffrey Granett, Laszlo Kocsis, Laszlo Horvath, Eva Baracsi HorvathneAbstract:The objective was to explore temporal distribution of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch), gallicoles on grapevine rootstocks (Vitis sp.) and determine how this distribution arose. We tested the hypothesis that leaf galls are created by individuals arising from the soil in the spring. Galls begin to appear at budbreak and gall averages per leaf increase variably as the season progresses. Initial galling appears to be associated with dry conditions and gall populations decline with rain. Emergence-trap catches show that phylloxera maintain populations on rootstock roots and that these populations disperse above ground. Aerial trap data demonstrated wind dispersal of crawlers and alates. Shielding of canes from soil-emerging phylloxera largely prevented early gall formation. These results suggest alternative testable hypotheses for explaining overwintering of phylloxera in rootstock vineyards.
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Influence of Plant Growth Stage on Grape Phylloxera (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) Populations
Environmental Entomology, 2002Co-Authors: A. D. Omer, Jeffrey Granett, M. A. WalkerAbstract:To understand the effects of plant growth stage on the performance of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch), demographic analyses were done using attached roots in a Vitis vinifera L. ‘Chardonnay’ vineyard during the vegetative, mid-ripening, and postharvest periods of grapevines. Survival of first instars was
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BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF GRAPE PHYLLOXERA
Annual Review of Entomology, 2001Co-Authors: Jeffrey Granett, M. A. Walker, L Kocsis, A. D. OmerAbstract:▪ Abstract Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae), is a worldwide pest of grapevines. Its life cycle has sexual and asexual portions with forms that feed from leaf and root galls. Not all forms occur throughout the insect's range. Root forms predominate on Vitis vinifera cultivars; leaf forms predominate on other Vitis species characteristic of the American native range. Other conditions influence expression of the life cycle. Hosts and conditions similarly affect life table performance. Damage to grapevines is by secondary soilborne pathogens attacking the feeding site and by physiological interaction of the insect with the grapevine, though the latter has not been well studied. Resistant rootstocks derived from native American Vitis are the primary control tool. The insect varies genetically and relative to performance on hosts. Use of insecticides is limited in effect, and other control methods are not proven. More research on the biology, ecology, and management of phyl...
A. D. Omer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of Plant Growth Stage on Grape Phylloxera (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) Populations
Environmental Entomology, 2002Co-Authors: A. D. Omer, Jeffrey Granett, M. A. WalkerAbstract:To understand the effects of plant growth stage on the performance of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch), demographic analyses were done using attached roots in a Vitis vinifera L. ‘Chardonnay’ vineyard during the vegetative, mid-ripening, and postharvest periods of grapevines. Survival of first instars was
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BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF GRAPE PHYLLOXERA
Annual Review of Entomology, 2001Co-Authors: Jeffrey Granett, M. A. Walker, L Kocsis, A. D. OmerAbstract:▪ Abstract Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae), is a worldwide pest of grapevines. Its life cycle has sexual and asexual portions with forms that feed from leaf and root galls. Not all forms occur throughout the insect's range. Root forms predominate on Vitis vinifera cultivars; leaf forms predominate on other Vitis species characteristic of the American native range. Other conditions influence expression of the life cycle. Hosts and conditions similarly affect life table performance. Damage to grapevines is by secondary soilborne pathogens attacking the feeding site and by physiological interaction of the insect with the grapevine, though the latter has not been well studied. Resistant rootstocks derived from native American Vitis are the primary control tool. The insect varies genetically and relative to performance on hosts. Use of insecticides is limited in effect, and other control methods are not proven. More research on the biology, ecology, and management of phyl...
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Jasmonic acid induced resistance in grapevines to a root and leaf feeder.
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2000Co-Authors: A. D. Omer, Jeffrey Granett, Jennifer S. Thaler, Richard KarbanAbstract:We investigated the effects of induced resistance to the folivore Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae), as well as the root-feeding grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) in grapevines using exogenous applications of the natural plant inducer, jasmonic acid. Foliar jasmonic acid application at concentrations that caused no phytotoxicity significantly reduced the performance of both herbivores. There were less than half as many eggs produced by spider mites feeding on the induced leaves compared with control grapevine leaves. Induction reduced the numbers of phylloxera eggs and nymphal instars by approximately threefold and twofold, respectively, on induced compared with control grapevine roots. The negative demographic effects of jasmonic acid application appeared to be caused by changes in fecundity for the Pacific spider mite, and possibly changes in development rate and fecundity for grape phylloxera.
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Relationship between grape phylloxera and fungal infections in grapevine roots.
2000Co-Authors: A. D. Omer, J. GranettAbstract:The association of infestations by grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) with fungal infections in Vitis roots was studied. Excised and intact grape roots were inoculated using three fungal phytopathogens, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, Phaeoacremonium inflatipes (McGechan) and Cylindrocarpon obtusisporum (Zinssm.), in the presence and absence of phylloxera activity. For each pathogen, three types of assays were conducted. In the first, we treated roots with fungal inoculum and then allowed phylloxera to feed on them; in the second, we contaminated phylloxera with fungal inoculum and then allowed them to feed on uninoculated roots; in the third, uninoculated roots that have already been fed upon by phylloxera were treated with fungal inoculum. In all assays, infection occurred with differences in disease intensity among treatments. Phylloxera feeding activity predisposed roots to fungal attack. Phylloxera on infected roots developed more slowly, and had substantially reduced survival and reproduction rates.
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Effect of attack intensity on host utilization in grape phylloxera
Crop Protection, 1999Co-Authors: A. D. Omer, Jeffrey Granett, Conrad W. ShebelutAbstract:Abstract The ability of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch), to utilize different Vitis hosts was tested with laboratory and greenhouse assays at three different attack intensities using a susceptible (Cabernet Sauvignon) and a weakly resistant (AXR#1) and two strongly resistant (3309C and 5C) rootstocks. Performance of grape phylloxera increased as numbers of attacking phylloxera increased on the susceptible and weakly resistant but not on the strongly resistant rootstocks. Development rate and fecundity of phylloxera were significantly greater at high attack intensity in comparison with low and medium attack intensities. Phylloxera performance was positively correlated with the size of tuberosities induced by phylloxera at the feeding sites. Resistance may not be overcome by high numbers of attacking phylloxera in strongly resistant rootstocks. The implications of this study with respect to phylloxera management are discussed.
Zanardi, Odimar Zanuzo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemical control of grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1856) leaf form (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) on vineyards
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2004Co-Authors: Botton Marcos, Ringenberg Rudiney, Zanardi, Odimar ZanuzoAbstract:A filoxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1856) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) é considerada a principal praga da videira. O inseto se alimenta da parte aérea e raízes sendo que os maiores prejuízos são observados em raízes de Vitis vinifera cultivada como pé-franco. O dano nas folhas é importante em viveiros, quando o ataque ocorre nos ramos utilizados como porta-enxertos, resistentes à forma radícola. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de selecionar inseticidas que possam ser empregados como substitutos aos fosforados e piretróides no manejo da forma galícola da filoxera. Os inseticidas imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acephate, abamectin, deltamethrin e fenitrothion, foram avaliados em condições de campo, sob infestação natural, em plantas matrizes do porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103. Imidacloprid (Provado 200 SC, 40mL 100L-1) e thiamethoxam (Actara 250 WG, 30g 100L-1) reduziram as injúrias causadas pela forma galícola da filoxera nos ponteiros em nível superior a 90%, proporcionando controle superior aos inseticidas deltamethrin (Decis 25 CE, 40mL 100L-1) e fenitrothion (Sumithion 500 CE, 150 mL/100L) considerados referência no controle do inseto. Os inseticidas acephate (Orthene 750 BR, 100g 100L-1) e abamectin (Vertimec 18 CE, 80mL 100L-1) não foram eficientes.Grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1856) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) is the main grape pest. Adults and nymphs feeds on leaves and roots but major damage is observed on roots of own rooted Vitis vinifera. Damage on leaves is important in root stock nurseries where chemical control is necessary. This study was conducted to evaluate insecticides to control the leaf form in a Paulsen 1103 nursery in field condictions. Imidacloprid (Provado 200 SC, 40mL 100L-1) and thiamethoxam (Actara 250 WG, 30g 100L-1) reduced foliar damage in more than 90%, providing better control than deltamethrin (Decis 25 CE, 40mL 100L-1) and fenitrothion (Sumithion 500 CE, 150mL 100L-1) current standarts for pest control. Acephate (Orthene 750 BR, 100g 100L-1) and abamectin (Vertimec 18 CE, 80mL 100L-1) were not efficient
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Controle químico da forma galícola da filoxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1856) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) na cultura da videira
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2004Co-Authors: Botton Marcos, Ringenberg Rudiney, Zanardi, Odimar ZanuzoAbstract:A filoxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1856) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) é considerada a principal praga da videira. O inseto se alimenta da parte aérea e raízes sendo que os maiores prejuízos são observados em raízes de Vitis vinifera cultivada como pé-franco. O dano nas folhas é importante em viveiros, quando o ataque ocorre nos ramos utilizados como porta-enxertos, resistentes à forma radícola. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de selecionar inseticidas que possam ser empregados como substitutos aos fosforados e piretróides no manejo da forma galícola da filoxera. Os inseticidas imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acephate, abamectin, deltamethrin e fenitrothion, foram avaliados em condições de campo, sob infestação natural, em plantas matrizes do porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103. Imidacloprid (Provado 200 SC, 40mL 100L-1) e thiamethoxam (Actara 250 WG, 30g 100L-1) reduziram as injúrias causadas pela forma galícola da filoxera nos ponteiros em nível superior a 90%, proporcionando controle superior aos inseticidas deltamethrin (Decis 25 CE, 40mL 100L-1) e fenitrothion (Sumithion 500 CE, 150 mL/100L) considerados referência no controle do inseto. Os inseticidas acephate (Orthene 750 BR, 100g 100L-1) e abamectin (Vertimec 18 CE, 80mL 100L-1) não foram eficientes
