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Casa Ruíz, Teodocia Gloria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Componentes del manejo integrado de Ditylenchus dipsaci en el cultivo de ajo (Allium sativum L.) en la irrigación de Majes - Arequipa
'Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina', 2016Co-Authors: Casa Ruíz, Teodocia GloriaAbstract:La determinación componentes de manejo integrado de Ditylenchus dipsaci en el cultivo de ajo se realizó en dos fases, en el laboratorio de nematologia de la UNALM y en la Irrigación Majes-Arequipa, siendo los objetivos 1) evaluar cuatro componentes de manejo integrado de D.dipsaci en ajo; 2) identificar aquellas medidas de control que reduzcan la población de D.dipsaci. Los experimentos fueron: 1. Control químico: a) inmersión de la semilla por 5’, 1 h, 4 h, 24 h con oxamyl 24L 2%; carbofuran 48F 1%; Hunter 2‰+Biobac 2,5‰; Hunter 2‰; Benomyl 50PM 3‰; extracto de algas 40‰; carbofuran 48F 1,5%; abamectina 1,8EC 2‰; Biostat 0,5‰. b)tratamiento al suelo mas aplicaciones foliares: Dazomet 98% G 200 kg/ha; carbofuran 5% G 50 kg/ha, aldicarb 15% G 20 kg/ha, carbofuran 48% F 2 L/ha, fenamifos 10% G 25 kg/ha, ethoprofos 15% G 35 kg/ha, cadusafos 10% G 30 kg/ha; extracto de algas 2,5%, abamectina 1,8EC 1L/ha, Biostat 0,5‰ y Bi-O-80 100kg/ha, combinados con 2 aplicaciones foliares de Hunter 2 ‰ + Biobac 2,5 ‰ y oxamyl 24L 5 ‰. 2. Control físico, termoterapia a semilla infectada con grados de daño de 1 al 5, combinados con benomyl 50PM 2 ‰ y Hunter 2 ‰ + Biobac 2,5 ‰. 3. Control biológico, a) inmersión en macerado de ajo en 3 cultivares: ‘Napurí’, ‘Morado Arequipeño’ y ‘Barranquino’ con tres concentraciones: 25 %, 50 % y 75 % por 24 horas; b) prueba cruzada de Oostembrink con cebolla, lechuga, ajo, tomate, papa, arveja, camote, maíz, kiwicha, avena en suelo infestado. 4. Control cultural, se emplearon 3 fuentes orgánicas: estiércol vacuno (10 t/ha, 20 t/ha, 30 t/ha); gallinaza (5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, 15 t/ha) y humus de lombriz (2 t/ha, 4 t/ha).; se evaluó la población inicial (Pi), población final (Pf) y Pf/Pi para 5 g tejido y 100 cc de suelo y rendimiento para los ensayos en campo. Los resultados encontrados fueron para Inmersión rápida: la Pf/Pi muestra diferencias estadísticas (p
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Componentes del manejo integrado de Ditylenchus dipsaci en el cultivo de ajo (Allium sativum L.) en la irrigación de Majes - Arequipa
'Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina', 2014Co-Authors: Casa Ruíz, Teodocia GloriaAbstract:Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en FitopatologíaLa determinación componentes de manejo integrado de Ditylenchus dipsaci en el cultivo de ajo se realizó en dos fases, en el laboratorio de nematologia de la UNALM y en la Irrigación Majes-Arequipa, siendo los objetivos 1) evaluar cuatro componentes de manejo integrado de D.dipsaci en ajo; 2) identificar aquellas medidas de control que reduzcan la población de D.dipsaci. Los experimentos fueron: 1. Control químico: a) inmersión de la semilla por 5’, 1 h, 4 h, 24 h con oxamyl 24L 2%; carbofuran 48F 1%; Hunter 2‰+Biobac 2,5‰; Hunter 2‰; Benomyl 50PM 3‰; extracto de algas 40‰; carbofuran 48F 1,5%; abamectina 1,8EC 2‰; Biostat 0,5‰. b)tratamiento al suelo mas aplicaciones foliares: Dazomet 98% G 200 kg/ha; carbofuran 5% G 50 kg/ha, aldicarb 15% G 20 kg/ha, carbofuran 48% F 2 L/ha, fenamifos 10% G 25 kg/ha, ethoprofos 15% G 35 kg/ha, cadusafos 10% G 30 kg/ha; extracto de algas 2,5%, abamectina 1,8EC 1L/ha, Biostat 0,5‰ y Bi-O-80 100kg/ha, combinados con 2 aplicaciones foliares de Hunter 2 ‰ + Biobac 2,5 ‰ y oxamyl 24L 5 ‰. 2. Control físico, termoterapia a semilla infectada con grados de daño de 1 al 5, combinados con benomyl 50PM 2 ‰ y Hunter 2 ‰ + Biobac 2,5 ‰. 3. Control biológico, a) inmersión en macerado de ajo en 3 cultivares: ‘Napurí’, ‘Morado Arequipeño’ y ‘Barranquino’ con tres concentraciones: 25 %, 50 % y 75 % por 24 horas; b) prueba cruzada de Oostembrink con cebolla, lechuga, ajo, tomate, papa, arveja, camote, maíz, kiwicha, avena en suelo infestado. 4. Control cultural, se emplearon 3 fuentes orgánicas: estiércol vacuno (10 t/ha, 20 t/ha, 30 t/ha); gallinaza (5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, 15 t/ha) y humus de lombriz (2 t/ha, 4 t/ha).; se evaluó la población inicial (Pi), población final (Pf) y Pf/Pi para 5 g tejido y 100 cc de suelo y rendimiento para los ensayos en campo. Los resultados encontrados fueron para Inmersión rápida: la Pf/Pi muestra diferencias estadísticas (p
Aocheng Cao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Dazomet fumigation on soil phosphorus and the composition of phod harboring microbial communities
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Bin Huang, Wensheng Fang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Canbin Ouyang, Zhaoxin Song, Hongyan Cheng, Qingli Han, Xi Jin, Aocheng CaoAbstract:The soil phosphorus (P) cycle and P transformation are largely driven by the soil bacterial microbial community. However, little is known about the effects of Dazomet (DZ) soil fumigation on soil P...
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comparative analysis of the effects of five soil fumigants on the abundance of denitrifying microbes and changes in bacterial community composition
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020Co-Authors: Wensheng Fang, Bin Huang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Aocheng Cao, Xianli Wang, Jie Liu, Daqi Zhang, Jiahong Zhu, Qingli HanAbstract:Abstract Soil fumigation is currently the most effective method for controlling soil-borne pests and diseases in high-value crops. To better understand the effect of chloropicrin (CP), Dazomet (DZ), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) fumigants on soil microorganisms, this study monitored changes in the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria involved in denitrification using real-time PCR and high-throughput gene sequencing techniques. These five fumigants significantly decreased the bacterial population size in some phyla including Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, and increased the bacterial population size in other phyla such as Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Saccharibacteria and Parcubacteria. Although bacterial diversity declined after CP fumigation, it was briefly stimulated by the other four fumigants. Meanwhile, all five fumigants temporarily decreased populations of denitrifying bacteria containing the napA, narG, nirS or nirK enzyme-encoding genes. Denitrifiers bearing the cnorB, qnorB or nosZ genes were relatively stable following DZ and DMDS fumigation. However, cnorB and nosZ decreased initially following CP, AITC and 1,3-D fumigation. Simultaneously, the abundance of qnorB significantly increased in AITC and 1,3-D fumigated soils. These results showed that soil fumigation significantly shifted the abundance and community structure of denitrifying bacteria. This study will help to predict the response of different phyla of denitrifying bacteria to soil fumigation.
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the synergistic advantage of combining chloropicrin or Dazomet with fosthiazate nematicide to control root knot nematode in cucumber production
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019Co-Authors: Bin Huang, Wensheng Fang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Xiaoning Wang, Canbin Ouyang, Meixia Guo, Qian Wang, L I Yuan, Aocheng CaoAbstract:Abstract The highly-damaging root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp., RKN) cannot be reliably controlled using only a nematicide such as fosthiazate because of increasing pest resistance. In laboratory and greenhouse trials, we showed that chloropicrin (CP) or Dazomet (DZ) synergized the efficacy of fosthiazate against RKN. The combination significantly extended the degradation half-life of fosthiazate by an average of about 1.25 times. CP or DZ with fosthiazate reduced the time for fosthiazate to penetrate the RKN cuticle compared to fosthiazate alone. CP or DZ combined with low or medium rate of fosthiazate increased the total cucumber yield, compared to the use of each product alone. A low-dose fosthiazate with DZ improved total yield more than a low dose fosthiazate with CP. Extending the half-life of fosthiazate and reducing the time for fosthiazate or fumigant to penetrate the RKN cuticle were the two features that gave the fumigant-fosthiazate combination its synergistic advantage over these products used singularly. This synergy provides the opportunity for farmers to use a low dose of fosthiazate which lowers the risk of RKN resistance. Farmers could combine DZ at 30 g m−2 with fosthiazate at a low rate of 0.375 g m−2 to control RKN and adequately control two major soil-borne diseases in cucumber greenhouses.
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effect of soil fumigants on degradation of abamectin and their combination synergistic effect to root knot nematode
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Bin Huang, Wensheng Fang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Canbin Ouyang, Meixia Guo, Qian Wang, Zongjie Ren, Aocheng CaoAbstract:Background Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp., RKN) causes a disease that significantly reduces the yield of greenhouse cucumber crops year after year. Chemical control based on a single pesticide is now unreliable mainly due to pest resistance. Fumigant and non-fumigant pesticide combinations can potentially result in effective and economic RKN control. Results Combining the insecticide abamectin (ABM) with fumigants Dazomet (DZ) or chloropicrin (CP) significantly extended the half-life of ABM by an average of about 1.68 and 1.56 times respectively in laboratory trials, and by an average of about 2.02 and 1.69 times respectively in greenhouse trials. Laboratory experiments indicated that all the low rate ABM combination treatments controlled RKN through a synergistic effect. ABM diffused into the nematode epidermis more rapidly when ABM was combined with DZ and CP, giving effective nematode control and an increase cucumber total yield, compared to the use of these products alone. ABM combined with CP or DZ produced significantly higher total cucumber yield than when these products were used alone. Conclusions A low concentration of ABM combined with DZ in preference to CP would be an economic and practical way to control nematode and soilborne fungi in a greenhouse producing cucumbers.
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efficacy of soil fumigation with Dazomet for controlling ginger bacterial wilt ralstonia solanacearum in china
Crop Protection, 2017Co-Authors: Liangang Mao, Hongyun Jiang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Aocheng CaoAbstract:Abstract Dazomet (DZ) is a potential alternative to methyl bromide (MB) for combatting ginger bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum . MB was scheduled to be phased out by 2015 in China, except for temporary critical use exemptions (CUEs) in ginger production. Laboratory studies and field trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of DZ on R. solanacearum . The results showed that the EC 50 and EC 80 values of DZ were 27.6 and 51.7 mg a.i. kg −1 soil, respectively. In field trials, DZ treatments at a dose of 80 g m −2 exhibited results similar to MB treatment compared with the R. solanacearum control group in terms of plant mortality, plant growth, rhizome disease indices, and yield. Significantly better results from all fumigant treatments were observed compared with those of the untreated control. These results indicate that DZ could be applied in integrated pest management programs of ginger as a promising alternative to MB for controlling ginger bacterial wilt in China.
Bin Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Dazomet fumigation on soil phosphorus and the composition of phod harboring microbial communities
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Bin Huang, Wensheng Fang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Canbin Ouyang, Zhaoxin Song, Hongyan Cheng, Qingli Han, Xi Jin, Aocheng CaoAbstract:The soil phosphorus (P) cycle and P transformation are largely driven by the soil bacterial microbial community. However, little is known about the effects of Dazomet (DZ) soil fumigation on soil P...
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comparative analysis of the effects of five soil fumigants on the abundance of denitrifying microbes and changes in bacterial community composition
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020Co-Authors: Wensheng Fang, Bin Huang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Aocheng Cao, Xianli Wang, Jie Liu, Daqi Zhang, Jiahong Zhu, Qingli HanAbstract:Abstract Soil fumigation is currently the most effective method for controlling soil-borne pests and diseases in high-value crops. To better understand the effect of chloropicrin (CP), Dazomet (DZ), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) fumigants on soil microorganisms, this study monitored changes in the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria involved in denitrification using real-time PCR and high-throughput gene sequencing techniques. These five fumigants significantly decreased the bacterial population size in some phyla including Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, and increased the bacterial population size in other phyla such as Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Saccharibacteria and Parcubacteria. Although bacterial diversity declined after CP fumigation, it was briefly stimulated by the other four fumigants. Meanwhile, all five fumigants temporarily decreased populations of denitrifying bacteria containing the napA, narG, nirS or nirK enzyme-encoding genes. Denitrifiers bearing the cnorB, qnorB or nosZ genes were relatively stable following DZ and DMDS fumigation. However, cnorB and nosZ decreased initially following CP, AITC and 1,3-D fumigation. Simultaneously, the abundance of qnorB significantly increased in AITC and 1,3-D fumigated soils. These results showed that soil fumigation significantly shifted the abundance and community structure of denitrifying bacteria. This study will help to predict the response of different phyla of denitrifying bacteria to soil fumigation.
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the synergistic advantage of combining chloropicrin or Dazomet with fosthiazate nematicide to control root knot nematode in cucumber production
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019Co-Authors: Bin Huang, Wensheng Fang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Xiaoning Wang, Canbin Ouyang, Meixia Guo, Qian Wang, L I Yuan, Aocheng CaoAbstract:Abstract The highly-damaging root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp., RKN) cannot be reliably controlled using only a nematicide such as fosthiazate because of increasing pest resistance. In laboratory and greenhouse trials, we showed that chloropicrin (CP) or Dazomet (DZ) synergized the efficacy of fosthiazate against RKN. The combination significantly extended the degradation half-life of fosthiazate by an average of about 1.25 times. CP or DZ with fosthiazate reduced the time for fosthiazate to penetrate the RKN cuticle compared to fosthiazate alone. CP or DZ combined with low or medium rate of fosthiazate increased the total cucumber yield, compared to the use of each product alone. A low-dose fosthiazate with DZ improved total yield more than a low dose fosthiazate with CP. Extending the half-life of fosthiazate and reducing the time for fosthiazate or fumigant to penetrate the RKN cuticle were the two features that gave the fumigant-fosthiazate combination its synergistic advantage over these products used singularly. This synergy provides the opportunity for farmers to use a low dose of fosthiazate which lowers the risk of RKN resistance. Farmers could combine DZ at 30 g m−2 with fosthiazate at a low rate of 0.375 g m−2 to control RKN and adequately control two major soil-borne diseases in cucumber greenhouses.
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effect of soil fumigants on degradation of abamectin and their combination synergistic effect to root knot nematode
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Bin Huang, Wensheng Fang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Canbin Ouyang, Meixia Guo, Qian Wang, Zongjie Ren, Aocheng CaoAbstract:Background Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp., RKN) causes a disease that significantly reduces the yield of greenhouse cucumber crops year after year. Chemical control based on a single pesticide is now unreliable mainly due to pest resistance. Fumigant and non-fumigant pesticide combinations can potentially result in effective and economic RKN control. Results Combining the insecticide abamectin (ABM) with fumigants Dazomet (DZ) or chloropicrin (CP) significantly extended the half-life of ABM by an average of about 1.68 and 1.56 times respectively in laboratory trials, and by an average of about 2.02 and 1.69 times respectively in greenhouse trials. Laboratory experiments indicated that all the low rate ABM combination treatments controlled RKN through a synergistic effect. ABM diffused into the nematode epidermis more rapidly when ABM was combined with DZ and CP, giving effective nematode control and an increase cucumber total yield, compared to the use of these products alone. ABM combined with CP or DZ produced significantly higher total cucumber yield than when these products were used alone. Conclusions A low concentration of ABM combined with DZ in preference to CP would be an economic and practical way to control nematode and soilborne fungi in a greenhouse producing cucumbers.
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Image_1_Responses of Nitrogen-Cycling Microorganisms to Dazomet Fumigation.PNG
2018Co-Authors: Wensheng Fang, Bin Huang, Dongdong Yan, Xianli Wang, Xiaoning Wang, Jie Liu, Xiaoman Liu, Canbin Ouyang, Qiuxia WangAbstract:The influence of soil fumigation on microorganisms involved in transforming nitrogen remains little understood, despite the use of fumigants for many decades to control soil-borne pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes. We used real-time PCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing techniques to monitor changes in the diversity and community structure of microorganisms associated with nitrogen transfer after the soil was fumigated with Dazomet (DZ). We also examined nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from these microorganisms present in fumigated fluvo-aquic soil and lateritic red soil. Fumigation with DZ significantly reduced the abundance of 16S rRNA and nitrogen cycling functional genes (nifH, AOA amoA, AOB amoA, nxrB, narG, napA, nirK, nirS, cnorB, qnorB, and nosZ). At the same time, N2O production rates increased between 9.9 and 30 times after fumigation. N2O emissions were significantly correlated with NH4+, dissolved amino acids and microbial biomass nitrogen, but uncorrelated with functional gene abundance. Diversity indices showed that DZ temporarily stimulated bacterial diversity as well as caused a significant change in bacterial community composition. For example, DZ significantly decreased populations of N2-fixing bacteria Mesorhizobium and Paenibacillus, nitrifiers Nitrosomonas, and the denitrifiers Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Paracoccus. The soil microbial community had the ability to recover to similar population levels recorded in unfumigated soils when the inhibitory effects of DZ fumigation were no longer evident. The microbial recovery rate, however, depended on the physicochemical properties of the soil. These results provided useful information for environmental safety assessments of DZ in China, for improving our understanding of the N-cycling pathways in fumigated soils, and for determining the potential responses of different N-cycling groups after fumigation.
Dongdong Yan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Dazomet fumigation on soil phosphorus and the composition of phod harboring microbial communities
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Bin Huang, Wensheng Fang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Canbin Ouyang, Zhaoxin Song, Hongyan Cheng, Qingli Han, Xi Jin, Aocheng CaoAbstract:The soil phosphorus (P) cycle and P transformation are largely driven by the soil bacterial microbial community. However, little is known about the effects of Dazomet (DZ) soil fumigation on soil P...
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comparative analysis of the effects of five soil fumigants on the abundance of denitrifying microbes and changes in bacterial community composition
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020Co-Authors: Wensheng Fang, Bin Huang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Aocheng Cao, Xianli Wang, Jie Liu, Daqi Zhang, Jiahong Zhu, Qingli HanAbstract:Abstract Soil fumigation is currently the most effective method for controlling soil-borne pests and diseases in high-value crops. To better understand the effect of chloropicrin (CP), Dazomet (DZ), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) fumigants on soil microorganisms, this study monitored changes in the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria involved in denitrification using real-time PCR and high-throughput gene sequencing techniques. These five fumigants significantly decreased the bacterial population size in some phyla including Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, and increased the bacterial population size in other phyla such as Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Saccharibacteria and Parcubacteria. Although bacterial diversity declined after CP fumigation, it was briefly stimulated by the other four fumigants. Meanwhile, all five fumigants temporarily decreased populations of denitrifying bacteria containing the napA, narG, nirS or nirK enzyme-encoding genes. Denitrifiers bearing the cnorB, qnorB or nosZ genes were relatively stable following DZ and DMDS fumigation. However, cnorB and nosZ decreased initially following CP, AITC and 1,3-D fumigation. Simultaneously, the abundance of qnorB significantly increased in AITC and 1,3-D fumigated soils. These results showed that soil fumigation significantly shifted the abundance and community structure of denitrifying bacteria. This study will help to predict the response of different phyla of denitrifying bacteria to soil fumigation.
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the synergistic advantage of combining chloropicrin or Dazomet with fosthiazate nematicide to control root knot nematode in cucumber production
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019Co-Authors: Bin Huang, Wensheng Fang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Xiaoning Wang, Canbin Ouyang, Meixia Guo, Qian Wang, L I Yuan, Aocheng CaoAbstract:Abstract The highly-damaging root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp., RKN) cannot be reliably controlled using only a nematicide such as fosthiazate because of increasing pest resistance. In laboratory and greenhouse trials, we showed that chloropicrin (CP) or Dazomet (DZ) synergized the efficacy of fosthiazate against RKN. The combination significantly extended the degradation half-life of fosthiazate by an average of about 1.25 times. CP or DZ with fosthiazate reduced the time for fosthiazate to penetrate the RKN cuticle compared to fosthiazate alone. CP or DZ combined with low or medium rate of fosthiazate increased the total cucumber yield, compared to the use of each product alone. A low-dose fosthiazate with DZ improved total yield more than a low dose fosthiazate with CP. Extending the half-life of fosthiazate and reducing the time for fosthiazate or fumigant to penetrate the RKN cuticle were the two features that gave the fumigant-fosthiazate combination its synergistic advantage over these products used singularly. This synergy provides the opportunity for farmers to use a low dose of fosthiazate which lowers the risk of RKN resistance. Farmers could combine DZ at 30 g m−2 with fosthiazate at a low rate of 0.375 g m−2 to control RKN and adequately control two major soil-borne diseases in cucumber greenhouses.
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effect of soil fumigants on degradation of abamectin and their combination synergistic effect to root knot nematode
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Bin Huang, Wensheng Fang, Qiuxia Wang, Dongdong Yan, Canbin Ouyang, Meixia Guo, Qian Wang, Zongjie Ren, Aocheng CaoAbstract:Background Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp., RKN) causes a disease that significantly reduces the yield of greenhouse cucumber crops year after year. Chemical control based on a single pesticide is now unreliable mainly due to pest resistance. Fumigant and non-fumigant pesticide combinations can potentially result in effective and economic RKN control. Results Combining the insecticide abamectin (ABM) with fumigants Dazomet (DZ) or chloropicrin (CP) significantly extended the half-life of ABM by an average of about 1.68 and 1.56 times respectively in laboratory trials, and by an average of about 2.02 and 1.69 times respectively in greenhouse trials. Laboratory experiments indicated that all the low rate ABM combination treatments controlled RKN through a synergistic effect. ABM diffused into the nematode epidermis more rapidly when ABM was combined with DZ and CP, giving effective nematode control and an increase cucumber total yield, compared to the use of these products alone. ABM combined with CP or DZ produced significantly higher total cucumber yield than when these products were used alone. Conclusions A low concentration of ABM combined with DZ in preference to CP would be an economic and practical way to control nematode and soilborne fungi in a greenhouse producing cucumbers.
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Image_1_Responses of Nitrogen-Cycling Microorganisms to Dazomet Fumigation.PNG
2018Co-Authors: Wensheng Fang, Bin Huang, Dongdong Yan, Xianli Wang, Xiaoning Wang, Jie Liu, Xiaoman Liu, Canbin Ouyang, Qiuxia WangAbstract:The influence of soil fumigation on microorganisms involved in transforming nitrogen remains little understood, despite the use of fumigants for many decades to control soil-borne pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes. We used real-time PCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing techniques to monitor changes in the diversity and community structure of microorganisms associated with nitrogen transfer after the soil was fumigated with Dazomet (DZ). We also examined nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from these microorganisms present in fumigated fluvo-aquic soil and lateritic red soil. Fumigation with DZ significantly reduced the abundance of 16S rRNA and nitrogen cycling functional genes (nifH, AOA amoA, AOB amoA, nxrB, narG, napA, nirK, nirS, cnorB, qnorB, and nosZ). At the same time, N2O production rates increased between 9.9 and 30 times after fumigation. N2O emissions were significantly correlated with NH4+, dissolved amino acids and microbial biomass nitrogen, but uncorrelated with functional gene abundance. Diversity indices showed that DZ temporarily stimulated bacterial diversity as well as caused a significant change in bacterial community composition. For example, DZ significantly decreased populations of N2-fixing bacteria Mesorhizobium and Paenibacillus, nitrifiers Nitrosomonas, and the denitrifiers Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Paracoccus. The soil microbial community had the ability to recover to similar population levels recorded in unfumigated soils when the inhibitory effects of DZ fumigation were no longer evident. The microbial recovery rate, however, depended on the physicochemical properties of the soil. These results provided useful information for environmental safety assessments of DZ in China, for improving our understanding of the N-cycling pathways in fumigated soils, and for determining the potential responses of different N-cycling groups after fumigation.
Palmero Llamas Daniel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Efecto de la desinfección anaeróbica del suelo y del empleo de agentes de control biológico en el cultivo del espárrago en la zona centro de España
E.T.S. de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (UPM), 2018Co-Authors: Arroyo Sanz, Juan Manuel, Soler Rovira José, Gálvez Patón Laura, Palmero Llamas DanielAbstract:El síndrome del decaimiento del espárrago es el principal problema fitosanitario del cultivo del espárrago. Este trabajo pretende evaluar el empleo de diferentes formulados con Trichoderma y de enmiendas orgánicas combinadas con solarización del suelo (biosolarización) en condiciones de anoxia para evitar elproblema de la replantación. Para ello se ha implementado un diseño de bloques al azar con 24 parcelas de 48 m2 (4 repeticiones). Los tratamientos fueron i) desinfección del suelo con Dazomet®, ii) biosolarización con pellets de gallinaza, iii) biosolarización con pellets de Brassica, iv) aplicación en semillero y campo de Tusal® (T. asperellum y T. atroviride) y v) aplicación en semillero y campo de Tribon® (T. saturnisporum). Los efectos de los tratamientos se han evaluado midiendo la densidad del inóculo de las diferentes especies de Fusarium junto con parámetros relacionados con el crecimiento de la planta, como la intercepción de la radiación PAR o la producción de biomasa total. Las colonias de Fusarium fueron mayores en el tratamiento control que en los tres tratamientos de desinfección del suelo evaluados, siendo altamente significativa la reducción de propágulos de Fusarium del suelo tratado con Dazomet. Aunque en menor medida, la biosolarización con pellets de brassica y gallinaza ha demostrado reducir la infección por Fusarium y aumentar el peso seco y la intercepción de radiación de las plantas de espárrago durante el primer año de cultivo. Los tratamientos con Trichoderma redujeron las poblaciones de FOA y la incidencia de la infección por Fusarium, pero no promovieron el crecimiento de las plantas