The Experts below are selected from a list of 237 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Qirong Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fumigation coupled with bio organic fertilizer for the suppression of watermelon fusarium wilt disease re shapes the Soil microbiome
    Applied Soil Ecology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Chao Xue, Zongzhuan Shen, Yuewen Hao, Weijie Huang, Yao Chong, Wei Ran, Qirong Shen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporums f. sp. niveum (FON) is the most destructive disease impacting production. Soil Fumigation using ammonium bicarbonate coupled with bioorganic fertilizer (BOF) application was conducted in the field in order to suppress Fusarium wilt disease. The composition of the Soil microbiome after Fumigation and at harvest was assessed using MiSeq high throughput sequencing. Soil Fumigation succeeded in suppressing disease incidence, with a drop from 96% to

  • Novel Soil Fumigation method for suppressing cucumber Fusarium wilt disease associated with Soil microflora alterations
    Applied Soil Ecology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Zongzhuan Shen, Ruifu Zhang, Li Sun, Xuhui Deng, Qirong Shen
    Abstract:

    Fusarium wilt in cucumber results from continuous cropping and is a serious Soil-borne fungal disease that threatens cucumber production around the world. The application of a novel Fumigation agent based on ammonium bicarbonate to the Soil as a strategy for controlling Fusarium wilt and its effects on Soil microflora was investigated in a field with serious disease incidence in this study. Overall, the results showed that Fumigation effectively controlled cucumber Fusarium wilt disease and significantly increased the total and mean cucumber fruit weight. Real-Time PCR results showed that the total bacterial and fungal numbers in the treatment (LAB) significantly decreased after Fumigation and that significantly fewer fungi were observed after harvest (LABOF). The next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes using MiSeq platform showed that the Soil bacterial and fungal community structures in the Fumigation treatment were significantly different from the control without Fumigation regardless after Fumigation or harvest. Compared to the control, higher abundances of Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobia and Zygomycota, and lower abundance of Ascomycota were observed in the fumigated Soils after Fumigation and harvest. Furthermore, the abundances of Mortierella and Gp1 were significantly higher. Most importantly, the abundance of Fusarium, which includes the pathogen potentially responsible for cucumber Fusarium wilt disease, was significantly lower in the fumigated Soils after harvest. Redundancy analysis showed that the fumigated Soils were dominated by Ohtaekwangia, Gp6, and Gp4, which were related to the Soil total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4–N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N) contents. In addition, Penicillium and Pseudaleuria fungi were dominant in the treatment and control, and the control was dominated by Fusarium. In conclusion, the observed disease suppression due to the novel ecological Soil Fumigation strategy may be attributed to general suppression resulting from altered Soil properties, such as higher Soil NH4–N, NO3–N and TON contents, and the alteration of the disturbed Soil microflora in a cucumber monoculture system.

Dong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pre plant Soil Fumigation with reduced rates under low permeability films for nursery production orchard and vineyard replanting
    Crop Protection, 2015
    Co-Authors: Alfonso J Cabrera, Bradley D Hanson, James S Gerik, Dong Wang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Pre-plant Soil Fumigation in California is a common agricultural practice in orchard and vineyard replanting as well as in nursery production of fruit and nut trees. Identification of pest control strategies with low chemical inputs to reduce environmental impact are of interest. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of reduced Telone C35 (61% 1,3-dichloropropene and 35% chloropicrin) rates under high density polyethylene (HDPE) or a totally impermeable film (TIF) against plant-parasitic nematodes, Soilborne pathogens and weeds. Fumigation at full (605 kg/ha), half, or one quarter of the full rate, was highly effective for controlling plant parasitic nematodes and weeds under both HDPE and TIF. The reduced rates performed well against the Soilborne pathogens Pythium ultimum and Verticillium dahliae but did not control Fusarium spp., and Phytophthora cactorum. Soil gas evaluations demonstrated that TIF retained more fumigant in Soil compared to HDPE and bare Soil when applied at equivalent rates. This investigation demonstrated the potential of reduced rates for the control of a variety of common pests, pathogens and weeds in replanting situations.

  • emissions from Soil Fumigation in two raised bed production systems tarped with low permeability films
    Chemosphere, 2013
    Co-Authors: Husein A Ajwa, John E Thomas, Donald W Dickson, Suduan Gao, Ruijun Qin, Dong Wang
    Abstract:

    Raised beds are used to produce some high-value annual fruit and vegetable crops such as strawberry in California (CA) and tomato in Florida (FL), USA. Pre-plant Soil Fumigation is an important tool to control Soil-borne pests in the raised beds. However, fumigant emissions have detrimental environmental consequences. Field trials were conducted to evaluate emissions of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) in two different production systems with raised beds covered by different tarps. In the CA trial, InLine (60.8% 1,3-D and 33.3% CP) was drip-applied at 340 kg ha(-1) to 5 cm deep in the beds (30 cm high and 107 cm wide) tarped with polyethylene (PE) or virtually impermeable film (VIF). In the FL trial, carbonated Telone C35 (63.4% 1,3-D and 34.7% CP) was shank-applied at 151 kg ha(-1) to 20 cm deep in the beds (22 cm high and 76 cm wide) tarped with totally impermeable film (TIF). Emissions from tarped beds relative to furrows were contrary between the two trials. For the CA trial, the emission was 47% of applied 1,3-D and 27% of applied CP from PE tarped beds and 31% of applied 1,3-D and 15% of applied CP from VIF tarped beds, while that from uncovered furrows was<0.4% for both chemicals in both fields. In the FL trial, only 0.1% 1,3-D was emitted from the TIF tarped beds, but 27% was measured from the uncovered furrows. Factors contributing to the differences in emissions were chiefly raised-bed configuration, tarp permeability, fumigant application method, Soil properties, Soil water content, and fumigant carbonation. The results indicate that strategies for emission reduction must consider the differences in agronomic production systems. Modifying raised bed configuration and fumigant application technique in coarse textured Soils with TIF tarping can maximize Fumigation efficiency and emission reduction.

  • Emissions from Soil Fumigation in two raised bed production systems tarped with low permeability films.
    Chemosphere, 2013
    Co-Authors: John E Thomas, Husein A Ajwa, Donald W Dickson, Dong Wang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Raised beds are used to produce some high-value annual fruit and vegetable crops such as strawberry in California (CA) and tomato in Florida (FL), USA. Pre-plant Soil Fumigation is an important tool to control Soil-borne pests in the raised beds. However, fumigant emissions have detrimental environmental consequences. Field trials were conducted to evaluate emissions of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) in two different production systems with raised beds covered by different tarps. In the CA trial, InLine (60.8% 1,3-D and 33.3% CP) was drip-applied at 340 kg ha−1 to 5 cm deep in the beds (30 cm high and 107 cm wide) tarped with polyethylene (PE) or virtually impermeable film (VIF). In the FL trial, carbonated Telone C35 (63.4% 1,3-D and 34.7% CP) was shank-applied at 151 kg ha−1 to 20 cm deep in the beds (22 cm high and 76 cm wide) tarped with totally impermeable film (TIF). Emissions from tarped beds relative to furrows were contrary between the two trials. For the CA trial, the emission was 47% of applied 1,3-D and 27% of applied CP from PE tarped beds and 31% of applied 1,3-D and 15% of applied CP from VIF tarped beds, while that from uncovered furrows was

  • Methods evaluated to minimize emissions from preplant Soil Fumigation
    California Agriculture, 2011
    Co-Authors: Suduan Gao, Husein A Ajwa, Bradley D Hanson, Dong Wang, Gregory T. Browne, Ruijun Qin, Scott R Yates
    Abstract:

    Many commodities depend on preplant Soil Fumigation for pest control to achieve healthy crops and profitable yields. Under California regulations, minimizing emissions is essential to maintain the practical use of Soil fumigants, and more stringent regulations are likely in the future. The phase-out of methyl bromide as a broad-spectrum Soil fumigant has created formidable challenges. Most alternatives registered today are regulated as volatile organic compounds because of their toxicity and mobile nature. We review research on methods for minimizing emissions from Soil Fumigation, including the effectiveness of their emission reductions, impacts on pest control and cost. Low-permeability plastic mulches are highly effective but are generally affordable only in high-value cash crops such as strawberry. Crops with low profit margins such as stone-fruit orchards may require lower-cost methods such as water treatment or target-area Fumigation.

  • atmospheric emissions of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin following Soil Fumigation and surface containment treatment in bare root forest nurseries
    Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Dong Wang, Kurt A Spokas, Jennifer Juzwik, S W Fraedrich, Yi Zhang, William C Koskinen
    Abstract:

    Methylisothiocyanate (MITC) and chloropicrin (CP) are alternatives to methyl bromide for Soil Fumigation. However, surface transport of MITC emission has been cited as the cause for seedling damage in adjacent fields at several bare-root forest-tree nurseries. Field experiments were conducted at nurseries to measure air emissions of MITC and CP after Fumigation. Discusses and compares surface containment treatments that can be used by nursery managers to reduce risk of MITC emissions that could cause damage to nearby seedling crops or harm to humans.

Zongzhuan Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fumigation coupled with bio organic fertilizer for the suppression of watermelon fusarium wilt disease re shapes the Soil microbiome
    Applied Soil Ecology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Chao Xue, Zongzhuan Shen, Yuewen Hao, Weijie Huang, Yao Chong, Wei Ran, Qirong Shen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporums f. sp. niveum (FON) is the most destructive disease impacting production. Soil Fumigation using ammonium bicarbonate coupled with bioorganic fertilizer (BOF) application was conducted in the field in order to suppress Fusarium wilt disease. The composition of the Soil microbiome after Fumigation and at harvest was assessed using MiSeq high throughput sequencing. Soil Fumigation succeeded in suppressing disease incidence, with a drop from 96% to

  • Novel Soil Fumigation method for suppressing cucumber Fusarium wilt disease associated with Soil microflora alterations
    Applied Soil Ecology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Zongzhuan Shen, Ruifu Zhang, Li Sun, Xuhui Deng, Qirong Shen
    Abstract:

    Fusarium wilt in cucumber results from continuous cropping and is a serious Soil-borne fungal disease that threatens cucumber production around the world. The application of a novel Fumigation agent based on ammonium bicarbonate to the Soil as a strategy for controlling Fusarium wilt and its effects on Soil microflora was investigated in a field with serious disease incidence in this study. Overall, the results showed that Fumigation effectively controlled cucumber Fusarium wilt disease and significantly increased the total and mean cucumber fruit weight. Real-Time PCR results showed that the total bacterial and fungal numbers in the treatment (LAB) significantly decreased after Fumigation and that significantly fewer fungi were observed after harvest (LABOF). The next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes using MiSeq platform showed that the Soil bacterial and fungal community structures in the Fumigation treatment were significantly different from the control without Fumigation regardless after Fumigation or harvest. Compared to the control, higher abundances of Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobia and Zygomycota, and lower abundance of Ascomycota were observed in the fumigated Soils after Fumigation and harvest. Furthermore, the abundances of Mortierella and Gp1 were significantly higher. Most importantly, the abundance of Fusarium, which includes the pathogen potentially responsible for cucumber Fusarium wilt disease, was significantly lower in the fumigated Soils after harvest. Redundancy analysis showed that the fumigated Soils were dominated by Ohtaekwangia, Gp6, and Gp4, which were related to the Soil total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4–N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N) contents. In addition, Penicillium and Pseudaleuria fungi were dominant in the treatment and control, and the control was dominated by Fusarium. In conclusion, the observed disease suppression due to the novel ecological Soil Fumigation strategy may be attributed to general suppression resulting from altered Soil properties, such as higher Soil NH4–N, NO3–N and TON contents, and the alteration of the disturbed Soil microflora in a cucumber monoculture system.

J G Hancock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of Soil Fumigation with methyl bromide and chloropicrin on root health and yield of strawberry
    Plant Disease, 1991
    Co-Authors: G Y Yuen, M N Schroth, A R Weinhold, J G Hancock
    Abstract:

    Soil Fumigation with methyl bromide and chloropicrin (MBC) reduced the severity of black root rot of strawberry in experiments at four locations in California. At three of these sites, Fumigation increased root density by 19-61% over the untreated controls. Improvement of root health by Fumigation was correlated with increased yields of berries at all four locations. Accumulative harvests from fumigated plots were 24-29% greater than the untreated controls. At a fifth location, Fumigation with MBC had no significant effect on root growth, root rot severity, or yields, and this may have been partly attributable to low disease levels. In comparison to MBC, preplant Soil applications of metham-sodium and metalaxyl had no effect on root disease levels, root development, or yield (.)

G. T. Henson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The influence of crop rotation and Soil Fumigation on a mycorrhizal fungal community associated with soybean
    Mycorrhiza, 1993
    Co-Authors: Z.-q. An, J. W. Hendrix, R. S. Ferriss, D E Hershman, G. T. Henson
    Abstract:

    Population densities of mycorrhizal fungal propagules in a western Kentucky field highly productive for soybean were measured by bioassay throughout a soybean production season. The primary experimental variables were crop rotation (soybeans in 1985, then 2 years in corn, milo, fescue, or soybean, then soybean in 1988 on all plots when populations of propagules were determined) and Soil Fumigation with 67% methyl bromide/33% chloropicrin. Of the 20 species in three genera found, Glomus predominated both in terms of number of species and population densities. Most species of Glomus occurred at higher population densities in rotated plots than in continuous soybean plots. In continuous soybean plots, species of Gigaspora made up a much higher proportion of the mycorrhizal fungal community than in rotated crops. Species richness and diversity were lower, and dominance and equitability higher, in nonfumigated continuous soybean plots than in rotated plots early in the season, but the differences were not present at the end of the season. Soil Fumigation killed most propagules in the upper 15 cm of Soil, but after production of a crop of soybeans, populations of total propagules and most Glomus spp. recovered to preFumigation densities. However, Gigaspora margarita and Gigaspora gigantea did not recover similarly. Fumigation reduced species richness and diversity and increased dominance, but the effects were ameliorated by the end of the season. Colonization of roots was low during vegetative growth but increased rapidly after the onset of soybean reproduction. There was no evidence for mutualism during the early half of the season, perhaps due to high Soil P and low dependency of soybean. Fumigation increased soybean yields. A stable mycorrhizal fungal community appeared to become established with continuous soybean production, and both crop rotation and Soil Fumigation disrupted the community.