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Chantal J Beauchamp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Composting of De-Inking paper sludge with poultry manure at three nitrogen levels using mechanical turning: behavior of physico-chemical parameters.
Bioresource Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Marie Hélène Charest, Chantal J BeauchampAbstract:Abstract De-Inking paper sludge (DPS) is rich in carbon (C) but poor in nitrogen (N). Thus, it has a high C:N ratio which limits the composting process. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of three N treatments on DPS composting. Compost piles of 100 m 3 were formed by mixing raw DPS with poultry manure and chicken broiler floor litter, giving on average 0.6%, 0.7% and 0.9% total N. The changes in physico-chemical parameters, total weight and fiber losses, and maturity of composting piles of DPS were monitored during 24 weeks. The compost piles had a neutral to alkaline pH throughout the study. Inorganic N decreased whereas organic N increased over time for all treatments. These changes in magnitude were different among N treatments resulting in a final total N content of 0.9% for the 0.6% N treatment whereas final total N contents of 0.7% and 0.9% N were measured for the 0.7% and 0.9% N treatments. The total weight, cellulose and hemicellulose losses were higher in 0.6% N treatment giving the lowest C:N ratio after 24 weeks of composting. However, none of the 24 week-old composts of DPS were mature based on their final C:N ratio and colorimetric test of maturity. Except for copper, their final total trace element contents meet most known standards or guidelines for organic soil conditioners. Overall, 0.6% N treatment was the best to enhance DPS composting using mechanical turning, but a period of more than 24 weeks was required to reach compost maturity.
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Dynamics of water-soluble carbon substances and microbial populations during the composting of De-Inking paper sludge.
Bioresource Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Marie Hélène Charest, Hani Antoun, Chantal J BeauchampAbstract:Composting is an alternative method to dispose of De-Inking paper sludge (DPS). Today, few studies have investigated the water-soluble carbon (WSC) substances as indicators of the decomposition process and the microbial changes taking place during the composting of DPS. Accordingly, the goal is to study their dynamics during the composting of DPS at three nitrogen levels, 0.6%, 0.7% or 0.9% total N, using mechanical turning. The changes in WSC substances, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and, total and DPS microbial populations were monitored during 24 weeks. Also, microorganisms were identified and tested for the production of selected enzymes. Regardless of N treatments, the dynamic of WSC substances indicated that cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of DPS fibers were mainly biodegraded during the first 8 weeks while the more resistant carbon (C) fractions were biodegraded thereafter. MBC also evolved regardless of N treatments but was correlated to WSC substances. Its high values decline mostly after 12 weeks indicating the exhaustion of this source of C energy for microbial growth and the stabilisation of DPS organic matter. The dynamic and identified microorganisms were comparable to those observed in other composting processes. However, the results pointed out that those mostly implicated in the hydrolysis of DPS fibers were the thermophilic actinomycetes and fungi and, by comparison to the 0.6% or 0.7% N treatment, they decreased in presence of the 0.9% N treatment. Most microorganisms were hemicellulolytic bacteria, while actinomycetes and fungi were capable of degrading a wide variety of substrates. Overall, dynamics of WSC substances and microbial populations indicated that during composting, DPS decomposition obey a two phase decay while, contrary to the lowest N treatment, the 0.9% N treatment has slowed down this process by harming the important microbial populations implicated in the degradation of DPS fibers.
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De-Inking Paper Sludge Amendment Affects Weeds in the Presence or Absence of Herbicide in a Soybean-Corn Rotation
Agronomy Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Younes Machrafi, Chantal J Beauchamp, Josué Wamegni, Gilles Tremblay, François-p. ChalifourAbstract:Th e application of De-Inking paper sludge (DPS), a C-rich but N-poor soil amendment, can sometimes decrease plant growth. Th is property needs to be investigated to develop the knowledge and management methods necessary for potential weed control. Today, there is no information on the eff ectiveness of using DPS to control weeds within a soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)-corn (Zea mays L.) rotation. Th e objective of this study was to determine the eff ects of 0, 25, or 50 Mg/ha DPS applied yearly, com- bined with the absence or the presence of herbicides, on weed abundance and biomass. Th e experimental sites were St. Augustin de Desmaures for a 4-yr rotation sequence (soybean-corn-soybean-corn) and St. Hyacinthe for a 3-yr rotation sequence (soybean- corn-soybean) in northeastern Canada. Without herbicide and averaged across years, when DPS was applied at 50 Mg/ha DPS, the abundance of annual broadleaf weeds decreased by 78 to 96%, and biomass by 82 to 93%, whereas with herbicide, the abun- dance decreased by 66 to 100%, and biomass by 80 to 100%, at St. Augustin and St. Hyacinthe, respectively, compared with the 0 Mg/ha DPS treatment. At St. Augustin, DPS applied at 50 Mg/ha without herbicide usually decreased the annual grass weed abundance and biomass. DPS had no obvious eff ect on the abundance and biomass of perennial weeds. DPS amendment alone or with herbicides suppressed mainly the annual broadleaf weeds, and, to a lower extent, the annual grass weeds.
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De-Inking sludge and phosphorus effects on growth and symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in forage legumes.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2007Co-Authors: Iraj Allahdadi, Chantal J Beauchamp, François P Califour, Hamideh Khalaj, M R LabafiAbstract:The De-Inking process produces a waste by-product, called De-Inking paper sludge (DS), that contains paper fibers, clay particles and inks and high carbon (C) concentrations combined with low nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. The use of high rates of DS to increase the soil organic matter thus requires provision of high rates of N and P for adequate plant growth. Using dinitrogen (N2)-fixing forage legumes is an alternative to N fertilization under such circumstances. In a greenhouse study, DS rates of 0, 50 or 100 Mg ha(-1) and five rates of P (40, 80, 120, 160, or 200 kg P2O5 ha(-1)) were applied on two soil types, a clay loam (Pintendre) and a silty clay loam (St-Augustin). Nitrogen uptake and symbiotic N2 fixation (SNF) were estimated in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.); Bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and alfalfa ineffective for N2 fixation were used as the reference (non-N2 fixing) crops. Atmospheric N2 fixation was estimated by natural abundance of 15N (815N). Under controlled conditions, high rates of DS substantially reduced delta15N values, particularly with high rates of P. In addition, N uptake of legumes generally increased with increased P concentrations and it peaked with 120 or 160 kg P2O5 ha(-1). Correlated with the trends observed with delta15N values and it peaked with 120 or 160 kg P2O5 ha(-1). Present results showed that under high rates of application of DS and adequate P supply, forage legumes fixed more atmospheric N2. delta15N can be a good indicator of SNF under the above-mentioned conditions.
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Effects of De-Inking paper sludge on growth and nutritional status of alder and aspen
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2006Co-Authors: Patrick Filiatrault, Claude Camiré, Jeffrey Norrie, Chantal J BeauchampAbstract:Abstract Improving our understanding of phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N) fertilization on growth and nutritional status of two woody colonizer species, alder ( Alnus crispa (Has.) Pursh) or aspen ( Populus deltoides Marsh.), using De-Inking paper sludge (DPS) as an organic soil amendment is an avenue to develop sustainable restoration. Factorial greenhouse experiments were therefore conducted to determine the best combination of DPS and fertilizer on growth and nutritional status of woody species grown in degraded soils. For alder, five level of DPS (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% DPS) in clay substrate or four levels of DPS (0, 10, 20 and 30% DPS) in sand substrate were studied in combination with three levels of P (0, 0.75 and 1.5 g P kg −1 DPS). Similarly, the same levels of DPS in clay or sand substrates were studied in combination with four levels of N (5, 10 and 15 g N kg −1 DPS) for aspen. For alder, the use of DPS in quantities greater than 30% in substrate without supplemental P caused a reduction in alder growth and leaf N content. However, alder showed reasonable growth and nutrition, regardless of the proportion of DPS in the substrate when P was adjusted to 0.75 g kg −1 DPS (d.w.). For aspen, the addition of DPS without supplemental N decreased growth and leaf N content. However, aspen demonstrated satisfactory growth and nutrition when DPS was included at less than 60% of DPS in the substrate and when substrate N was adjusted to 10 or 15 g kg −1 DPS (d.w.). The results of this study suggest that one time heavy application of DPS constitutes a potentially effective organic amendment for soil restoration purposes, but require additional fertilizers to sustain plant growth and nutrition.
Antoni Sánchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Co-composting of hair waste from the tanning industry with De-Inking and municipal wastewater sludges
Biodegradation, 2007Co-Authors: Raquel Barrena, Adriana Artola, Estel.la Pagans, Felícitas Vázquez, Antoni SánchezAbstract:Production of waste hair in the leather manufacturing industry is increasing every year due to the adoption of hair-save unhairing techniques, leaving the tanners with the problem of coping with yet another solid by-product. Numerous potential strategies for hair utilisation have been proposed. However, the use of hair waste as agricultural fertiliser is one of its most promising applications due to the high nitrogen content of hair. Agricultural value of hair can be increased by composting. This paper deals with the composting of hair from the unhairing of bovine hide. Results indicated that hair cannot be either composted on its own or co-composted with De-Inking sludge, a chemical complementary co-substrate. However, good results were obtained when co-composted with raw sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant at hair:raw sludge weight ratios 1:1, 1:2 and, 1:4 in lab scale and pilot plant scale composters. In all cases, a more stable product was achieved at the end of the process. Composting in the pilot plant composter was effectively monitored using Static Respiration Indices determined at process temperature at sampling (SRI_ T ) and at 37°C (SRI_37). Notably, SRI_ T values were more sensitive to changes in the biological activity. In contrast, Respiratory Quotient (RQ) values were not adequate to follow the development of the process.
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Co-composting of hair waste from the tanning industry with De-Inking and municipal wastewater sludges.
Biodegradation, 2006Co-Authors: Raquel Barrena, Adriana Artola, Estel.la Pagans, Felícitas Vázquez, Antoni SánchezAbstract:Production of waste hair in the leather manufacturing industry is increasing every year due to the adoption of hair-save unhairing techniques, leaving the tanners with the problem of coping with yet another solid by-product. Numerous potential strategies for hair utilisation have been proposed. However, the use of hair waste as agricultural fertiliser is one of its most promising applications due to the high nitrogen content of hair. Agricultural value of hair can be increased by composting. This paper deals with the composting of hair from the unhairing of bovine hide. Results indicated that hair cannot be either composted on its own or co-composted with De-Inking sludge, a chemical complementary co-substrate. However, good results were obtained when co-composted with raw sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant at hair:raw sludge weight ratios 1:1, 1:2 and, 1:4 in lab scale and pilot plant scale composters. In all cases, a more stable product was achieved at the end of the process. Composting in the pilot plant composter was effectively monitored using Static Respiration Indices determined at process temperature at sampling (SRI(T)) and at 37 degrees C (SRI(37)). Notably, SRI(T) values were more sensitive to changes in the biological activity. In contrast, Respiratory Quotient (RQ) values were not adequate to follow the development of the process.
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Composting of De-Inking sludge from the recycled paper manufacturing industry
Bioresource Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Adriana Artola, Antoni SánchezAbstract:Abstract Composting of two different types of sludge from the recycled paper manufacturing industry was carried out at laboratory scale. Physico-chemical sludge (PCS) from the De-Inking process and biological sludge (BS) from the wastewater treatment plant were composted and co-composted with and without addition of a bulking material. Despite its poor initial characteristics (relatively high C/N ratio, low organic content and moisture), PCS showed excellent behaviour in the composting process, reaching and maintaining thermophilic temperatures for more than 7 days at laboratory scale, and therefore complete hygienization. Pilot scale composting of PCS was also studied, and a respiratory quotient of 1.19 was obtained, indicating a full aerobic biological process. Respiration tests showed a complete stabilization of the material, with final values of the static respiration index in the range of 1.1 mg O 2 g TOM −1 h −1 . Composting is proposed as a suitable technology for the effective recycling of this type of sludge from the recycled paper manufacturing industry.
Graham Thiele - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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linking smallholders to the new agricultural economy the case of the plataformas de concertacion in ecuador
IFPRI book chapters, 2016Co-Authors: Romina Cavatassi, Patricio Espinosa, Mario Gonzalezflores, Paul Winters, J L Andradepiedra, Graham ThieleAbstract:The authors of Chapter 12 (Cavatassi et al.) performed an ex-post evaluation using econometric techniques common in impact evaluations. They assessed whether participation in Ecuador’s Plataformas program, which establishes alliances between small-scale farmers and a range of agricultural support-service providers, had any effect on income. The chapter finds that the program had a positive impact on yields, prices, and gross margins. The authors conducted baseline household and community surveys in two Ecuadorean provinces and then identified treatment communities. Using data from the most recent census, they constructed a counterfactual control group with similar geographical, agroecological, and sociodemographic characteristics to the treatment communities. They then used PSM to identify which control communities were most similar to each treatment community. In addition to creating control communities, they also factored in households in treatment communities that did not participate in the program. The PSM procedure allowed the authors to select a control community that was very similar to each treatment community in all observable aspects except for the treatment status, thus providing a proper counterfactual for each treatment community.
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linking smallholders to the new agricultural economy the case of the plataformas de concertacion in ecuador
Journal of Development Studies, 2011Co-Authors: Romina Cavatassi, Patricio Espinosa, Mario Gonzalezflores, Paul Winters, J L Andradepiedra, Graham ThieleAbstract:This article examines the challenges of linking smallholders to high-value food markets by looking at the experience of the Plataformas programme in the Ecuadorian Sierra. Multiple evaluation methods are employed to ensure identification of program impact. The findings suggest that the programme successfully improved the welfare of beneficiary farmers, as measured by yields and gross margins. These benefits are achieved through improving the efficiency of agricultural production and through selling at higher prices. No significant secondary health or environmental effects were found. Overall, the programme provides clear evidence that combining production support with facilitating market access can be successful.
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Linking Smallholders to the New Agricultural Economy: the case of the Plataformas de Concertación in Ecuador
The Journal of Development Studies, 2011Co-Authors: Romina Cavatassi, Mario González-flores, Paul C Winters, Jorge Andrade-piedra, Patricio Espinosa, Graham ThieleAbstract:This paper examines the challenges of linking smallholders to high-value food markets by looking at the experience of the Plataformas program in the Ecuadorian Sierra. Multiple evaluation methods are employed to ensure identification of program impact. The findings suggest that the program successfully improved the welfare of beneficiary farmers, as measured by yields and gross margins. These benefits are achieved through improving the efficiency of agricultural production and through selling at higher prices. No significant secondary health or environmental effects were found. Overall, the program provides clear evidence that combining production support with facilitating market access can be successful.
Romina Cavatassi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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linking smallholders to the new agricultural economy the case of the plataformas de concertacion in ecuador
IFPRI book chapters, 2016Co-Authors: Romina Cavatassi, Patricio Espinosa, Mario Gonzalezflores, Paul Winters, J L Andradepiedra, Graham ThieleAbstract:The authors of Chapter 12 (Cavatassi et al.) performed an ex-post evaluation using econometric techniques common in impact evaluations. They assessed whether participation in Ecuador’s Plataformas program, which establishes alliances between small-scale farmers and a range of agricultural support-service providers, had any effect on income. The chapter finds that the program had a positive impact on yields, prices, and gross margins. The authors conducted baseline household and community surveys in two Ecuadorean provinces and then identified treatment communities. Using data from the most recent census, they constructed a counterfactual control group with similar geographical, agroecological, and sociodemographic characteristics to the treatment communities. They then used PSM to identify which control communities were most similar to each treatment community. In addition to creating control communities, they also factored in households in treatment communities that did not participate in the program. The PSM procedure allowed the authors to select a control community that was very similar to each treatment community in all observable aspects except for the treatment status, thus providing a proper counterfactual for each treatment community.
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linking smallholders to the new agricultural economy the case of the plataformas de concertacion in ecuador
Journal of Development Studies, 2011Co-Authors: Romina Cavatassi, Patricio Espinosa, Mario Gonzalezflores, Paul Winters, J L Andradepiedra, Graham ThieleAbstract:This article examines the challenges of linking smallholders to high-value food markets by looking at the experience of the Plataformas programme in the Ecuadorian Sierra. Multiple evaluation methods are employed to ensure identification of program impact. The findings suggest that the programme successfully improved the welfare of beneficiary farmers, as measured by yields and gross margins. These benefits are achieved through improving the efficiency of agricultural production and through selling at higher prices. No significant secondary health or environmental effects were found. Overall, the programme provides clear evidence that combining production support with facilitating market access can be successful.
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Linking Smallholders to the New Agricultural Economy: the case of the Plataformas de Concertación in Ecuador
The Journal of Development Studies, 2011Co-Authors: Romina Cavatassi, Mario González-flores, Paul C Winters, Jorge Andrade-piedra, Patricio Espinosa, Graham ThieleAbstract:This paper examines the challenges of linking smallholders to high-value food markets by looking at the experience of the Plataformas program in the Ecuadorian Sierra. Multiple evaluation methods are employed to ensure identification of program impact. The findings suggest that the program successfully improved the welfare of beneficiary farmers, as measured by yields and gross margins. These benefits are achieved through improving the efficiency of agricultural production and through selling at higher prices. No significant secondary health or environmental effects were found. Overall, the program provides clear evidence that combining production support with facilitating market access can be successful.
Raquel Barrena - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Co-composting of hair waste from the tanning industry with De-Inking and municipal wastewater sludges
Biodegradation, 2007Co-Authors: Raquel Barrena, Adriana Artola, Estel.la Pagans, Felícitas Vázquez, Antoni SánchezAbstract:Production of waste hair in the leather manufacturing industry is increasing every year due to the adoption of hair-save unhairing techniques, leaving the tanners with the problem of coping with yet another solid by-product. Numerous potential strategies for hair utilisation have been proposed. However, the use of hair waste as agricultural fertiliser is one of its most promising applications due to the high nitrogen content of hair. Agricultural value of hair can be increased by composting. This paper deals with the composting of hair from the unhairing of bovine hide. Results indicated that hair cannot be either composted on its own or co-composted with De-Inking sludge, a chemical complementary co-substrate. However, good results were obtained when co-composted with raw sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant at hair:raw sludge weight ratios 1:1, 1:2 and, 1:4 in lab scale and pilot plant scale composters. In all cases, a more stable product was achieved at the end of the process. Composting in the pilot plant composter was effectively monitored using Static Respiration Indices determined at process temperature at sampling (SRI_ T ) and at 37°C (SRI_37). Notably, SRI_ T values were more sensitive to changes in the biological activity. In contrast, Respiratory Quotient (RQ) values were not adequate to follow the development of the process.
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Co-composting of hair waste from the tanning industry with De-Inking and municipal wastewater sludges.
Biodegradation, 2006Co-Authors: Raquel Barrena, Adriana Artola, Estel.la Pagans, Felícitas Vázquez, Antoni SánchezAbstract:Production of waste hair in the leather manufacturing industry is increasing every year due to the adoption of hair-save unhairing techniques, leaving the tanners with the problem of coping with yet another solid by-product. Numerous potential strategies for hair utilisation have been proposed. However, the use of hair waste as agricultural fertiliser is one of its most promising applications due to the high nitrogen content of hair. Agricultural value of hair can be increased by composting. This paper deals with the composting of hair from the unhairing of bovine hide. Results indicated that hair cannot be either composted on its own or co-composted with De-Inking sludge, a chemical complementary co-substrate. However, good results were obtained when co-composted with raw sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant at hair:raw sludge weight ratios 1:1, 1:2 and, 1:4 in lab scale and pilot plant scale composters. In all cases, a more stable product was achieved at the end of the process. Composting in the pilot plant composter was effectively monitored using Static Respiration Indices determined at process temperature at sampling (SRI(T)) and at 37 degrees C (SRI(37)). Notably, SRI(T) values were more sensitive to changes in the biological activity. In contrast, Respiratory Quotient (RQ) values were not adequate to follow the development of the process.