The Experts below are selected from a list of 4965 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Carlo Cipolli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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consolidation effect of repeated processing of Declarative Knowledge in mental experiences during human sleep
Brain Research Bulletin, 2006Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Sleep may positively influence Declarative memory through the processing, which transforms items of Declarative Knowledge into contents of mental sleep experience (MSE). A prediction from this general hypothesis is that the consolidation level should be higher for the output of items repeatedly processed and transformed into identical or very similar (so-called interrelated) contents of distinct MSEs of the same night rather than for the output of items presumably processed once (that is, all other, non-interrelated contents). Two experiments examined whether and how far the frequency and long-term retention of interrelated contents depend on the repeated processing of given items rather than on the experimental procedure applied for detection of interrelated contents. This procedure entails both multiple awakenings and a verbal report of MSE after awakening. Multiple awakenings could facilitate the re-access and elaboration of some contents into the subsequent (i.e. contiguous) MSE rather than non-contiguous MSEs; verbal reports could enhance the delayed recall of interrelated contents in as much as repeatedly encoded. The first experiment showed that interrelated contents were more frequent and better retained than both non-interrelated and pseudo-interrelated (i.e. by-chance similar or identical) contents, and even more in pairs of contiguous than non-contiguous MSEs collected from the first four periods of REM sleep on each experimental night. The second experiment showed that the frequency and retention rate of interrelated contents, while higher than those of non-interrelated and pseudo-interrelated contents, were not significantly different in pairs of MSEs which were verbally or mentally recalled after awakening provoked during the first four periods of REM sleep in each experimental night. Taken together, these findings indicate that the advantage provided by repeated processing during REM sleep for the consolidation of the output of items of Declarative Knowledge is conspicuous and largely independent from the experimental procedure, as this only slightly enhances the frequency and retention rate of interrelated contents.
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consolidation effect of the processing of Declarative Knowledge during human sleep evidence from long term retention of interrelated contents of mental sleep experiences
Brain Research Bulletin, 2005Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Sleep may partly exert a positive influence on memory through the processing underlying the transformation of items of Declarative Knowledge into contents of mental sleep experience (MSE). This hypothesis implies that the level of consolidation (and thus, long-term retention) should be enhanced for those items which are repeatedly processed and transformed into identical or very similar (so-called interrelated) contents of distinct MSEs developed over the same night. To test this prediction, we examined accessibility at delayed recall (i.e., the next morning) of the interrelated contents of MSEs reported (immediate recall) by 14 subjects who were awakened during the first four periods of rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep in two experimental nights. Interrelated contents were much more frequent, and at delayed recall much better retained, than other, non-interrelated contents in report pairs of MSEs. Moreover, they were also more frequent and better retained than by-chance similar or identical contents, as estimated in report pairs of MSEs of different subjects. These findings provide partial but coherent evidence in favour of the hypothesis that a generation effect occurs during sleep, with a further consolidation of the input and the output of MSE processing (respectively, the items of Declarative Knowledge and the contents of MSEs resulting from their elaboration during sleep).
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incorporation of presleep stimuli into dream contents evidence for a consolidation effect on Declarative Knowledge during rem sleep
Journal of Sleep Research, 2004Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Summary Presleep stimuli to be retained for further recall is often incorporated into dream contents. To establish whether processing for insertion into dream contents may improve consolidation, we compared the retention rate at delayed recall of contents resulting from incorporation of presleep sentence-stimuli with those of other contents of the same dream experiences. We hypothesized that association with a cognitive task of recall facilitates access to recently acquired items of Declarative Knowledge such as presleep stimuli, and triggers the deep elaboration of their semantic features, which involves rehearsal. Twelve subjects were given a task of delayed recall for three nonsense sentences delivered once a time before each of the sleep (re-)onsets over an experimental night. After each awakening in rapid eye movement sleep, subjects were asked to report dream experience and recall the sentence to be retained. In the morning, after spontaneous awakening, subjects were unexpectedly requested to again report their dream experiences and to recall the stimuli. Two pairs of judges independently identified possible incorporations of the stimuli, and parsed dream reports into propositional content units. The proportion of night reports with at least one incorporation of the stimulus delivered (i.e. valid incorporations) was higher than that of reports with contents similar to a stimulus(-i) not yet delivered (forward pseudo-incorporations) or delivered prior to an earlier sleep period (backward pseudo-incorporations). The proportion of content units common to night and morning reports (considered to be better consolidated) was significantly higher for incorporated contents than for other contents, including pseudo-incorporated contents. Instead, the retention at morning recall of words of sentence-stimuli corresponding to incorporated contents was not significantly higher than that of other words. The better retention of incorporated contents provides a partial confirmation (that is, limited to the output of the processing) that a generation effect, which benefits retention of actively processed information, is operative during sleep as well as in waking.
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continuity of the processing of Declarative Knowledge during human sleep evidence from interrelated contents of mental sleep experiences
Neuroscience Letters, 2003Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Michela Mazzetti, Piercarla Cicogna, Katia Mattarozzi, Vincenzo Natale, Miranda OcchioneroAbstract:The positive influence of sleep on memory may partly depend on the processing which transforms items of Declarative Knowledge into contents of mental sleep experience (MSE). This view implies that the consolidation level should be more enhanced for those items which have been repeatedly processed and transformed into identical or very similar (so-called interrelated) contents of distinct MSEs in the same night. We examined here the occurrence of interrelated contents in the MSEs reported after an awakening provoked in stage 2 at sleep onset and the spontaneous awakening in the morning. Interrelated contents resulted much more frequently than the chance occurrence of contents with the same semantic features, regardless of the sleep stage in which morning awakening occurred. The accessibility of given items for transformation into MSE contents over the night makes it plausible that they are reprocessed, and thus further consolidated, during various stages and cycles of sleep.
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active processing of Declarative Knowledge during rem sleep dreaming
Journal of Sleep Research, 2001Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Roberto Bolzani, Giovanni Tuozzi, Igino FagioliAbstract:The ability to process recently acquired Knowledge is clearly maintained during sleep. Here we assess whether and how far the sleeper controls this processing (in a non-volitional and non-conscious manner). We posit that during sleep, the cognitive concerns of previous waking may guide access to, and processing of, items of Declarative Knowledge with which those concerns are associated. In a delayed recall task, before each of three sleep onsets in the same night, 12 subjects heard a different nonsense sentence. When awakened in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, they were asked to report their dream experience and to recall the last sentence heard. Occurrences of incorporation into dream content were more frequent for this sentence than for the sentences heard before previous sleep onsets, and also more frequent than occurrences of similar contents in reports from a control night. However, the modalities of elaboration of dream contents did not vary. These findings indicate that cognitive concern can affect the accessing of recently acquired Declarative Knowledge during sleep, but not the modalities by which this is inserted into dream content. They also suggest that cognitive concern may help consolidate Knowledge by increasing the likelihood of it being processed during sleep.
Giovanni Tuozzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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consolidation effect of repeated processing of Declarative Knowledge in mental experiences during human sleep
Brain Research Bulletin, 2006Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Sleep may positively influence Declarative memory through the processing, which transforms items of Declarative Knowledge into contents of mental sleep experience (MSE). A prediction from this general hypothesis is that the consolidation level should be higher for the output of items repeatedly processed and transformed into identical or very similar (so-called interrelated) contents of distinct MSEs of the same night rather than for the output of items presumably processed once (that is, all other, non-interrelated contents). Two experiments examined whether and how far the frequency and long-term retention of interrelated contents depend on the repeated processing of given items rather than on the experimental procedure applied for detection of interrelated contents. This procedure entails both multiple awakenings and a verbal report of MSE after awakening. Multiple awakenings could facilitate the re-access and elaboration of some contents into the subsequent (i.e. contiguous) MSE rather than non-contiguous MSEs; verbal reports could enhance the delayed recall of interrelated contents in as much as repeatedly encoded. The first experiment showed that interrelated contents were more frequent and better retained than both non-interrelated and pseudo-interrelated (i.e. by-chance similar or identical) contents, and even more in pairs of contiguous than non-contiguous MSEs collected from the first four periods of REM sleep on each experimental night. The second experiment showed that the frequency and retention rate of interrelated contents, while higher than those of non-interrelated and pseudo-interrelated contents, were not significantly different in pairs of MSEs which were verbally or mentally recalled after awakening provoked during the first four periods of REM sleep in each experimental night. Taken together, these findings indicate that the advantage provided by repeated processing during REM sleep for the consolidation of the output of items of Declarative Knowledge is conspicuous and largely independent from the experimental procedure, as this only slightly enhances the frequency and retention rate of interrelated contents.
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consolidation effect of the processing of Declarative Knowledge during human sleep evidence from long term retention of interrelated contents of mental sleep experiences
Brain Research Bulletin, 2005Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Sleep may partly exert a positive influence on memory through the processing underlying the transformation of items of Declarative Knowledge into contents of mental sleep experience (MSE). This hypothesis implies that the level of consolidation (and thus, long-term retention) should be enhanced for those items which are repeatedly processed and transformed into identical or very similar (so-called interrelated) contents of distinct MSEs developed over the same night. To test this prediction, we examined accessibility at delayed recall (i.e., the next morning) of the interrelated contents of MSEs reported (immediate recall) by 14 subjects who were awakened during the first four periods of rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep in two experimental nights. Interrelated contents were much more frequent, and at delayed recall much better retained, than other, non-interrelated contents in report pairs of MSEs. Moreover, they were also more frequent and better retained than by-chance similar or identical contents, as estimated in report pairs of MSEs of different subjects. These findings provide partial but coherent evidence in favour of the hypothesis that a generation effect occurs during sleep, with a further consolidation of the input and the output of MSE processing (respectively, the items of Declarative Knowledge and the contents of MSEs resulting from their elaboration during sleep).
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incorporation of presleep stimuli into dream contents evidence for a consolidation effect on Declarative Knowledge during rem sleep
Journal of Sleep Research, 2004Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Summary Presleep stimuli to be retained for further recall is often incorporated into dream contents. To establish whether processing for insertion into dream contents may improve consolidation, we compared the retention rate at delayed recall of contents resulting from incorporation of presleep sentence-stimuli with those of other contents of the same dream experiences. We hypothesized that association with a cognitive task of recall facilitates access to recently acquired items of Declarative Knowledge such as presleep stimuli, and triggers the deep elaboration of their semantic features, which involves rehearsal. Twelve subjects were given a task of delayed recall for three nonsense sentences delivered once a time before each of the sleep (re-)onsets over an experimental night. After each awakening in rapid eye movement sleep, subjects were asked to report dream experience and recall the sentence to be retained. In the morning, after spontaneous awakening, subjects were unexpectedly requested to again report their dream experiences and to recall the stimuli. Two pairs of judges independently identified possible incorporations of the stimuli, and parsed dream reports into propositional content units. The proportion of night reports with at least one incorporation of the stimulus delivered (i.e. valid incorporations) was higher than that of reports with contents similar to a stimulus(-i) not yet delivered (forward pseudo-incorporations) or delivered prior to an earlier sleep period (backward pseudo-incorporations). The proportion of content units common to night and morning reports (considered to be better consolidated) was significantly higher for incorporated contents than for other contents, including pseudo-incorporated contents. Instead, the retention at morning recall of words of sentence-stimuli corresponding to incorporated contents was not significantly higher than that of other words. The better retention of incorporated contents provides a partial confirmation (that is, limited to the output of the processing) that a generation effect, which benefits retention of actively processed information, is operative during sleep as well as in waking.
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active processing of Declarative Knowledge during rem sleep dreaming
Journal of Sleep Research, 2001Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Roberto Bolzani, Giovanni Tuozzi, Igino FagioliAbstract:The ability to process recently acquired Knowledge is clearly maintained during sleep. Here we assess whether and how far the sleeper controls this processing (in a non-volitional and non-conscious manner). We posit that during sleep, the cognitive concerns of previous waking may guide access to, and processing of, items of Declarative Knowledge with which those concerns are associated. In a delayed recall task, before each of three sleep onsets in the same night, 12 subjects heard a different nonsense sentence. When awakened in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, they were asked to report their dream experience and to recall the last sentence heard. Occurrences of incorporation into dream content were more frequent for this sentence than for the sentences heard before previous sleep onsets, and also more frequent than occurrences of similar contents in reports from a control night. However, the modalities of elaboration of dream contents did not vary. These findings indicate that cognitive concern can affect the accessing of recently acquired Declarative Knowledge during sleep, but not the modalities by which this is inserted into dream content. They also suggest that cognitive concern may help consolidate Knowledge by increasing the likelihood of it being processed during sleep.
Igino Fagioli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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consolidation effect of repeated processing of Declarative Knowledge in mental experiences during human sleep
Brain Research Bulletin, 2006Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Sleep may positively influence Declarative memory through the processing, which transforms items of Declarative Knowledge into contents of mental sleep experience (MSE). A prediction from this general hypothesis is that the consolidation level should be higher for the output of items repeatedly processed and transformed into identical or very similar (so-called interrelated) contents of distinct MSEs of the same night rather than for the output of items presumably processed once (that is, all other, non-interrelated contents). Two experiments examined whether and how far the frequency and long-term retention of interrelated contents depend on the repeated processing of given items rather than on the experimental procedure applied for detection of interrelated contents. This procedure entails both multiple awakenings and a verbal report of MSE after awakening. Multiple awakenings could facilitate the re-access and elaboration of some contents into the subsequent (i.e. contiguous) MSE rather than non-contiguous MSEs; verbal reports could enhance the delayed recall of interrelated contents in as much as repeatedly encoded. The first experiment showed that interrelated contents were more frequent and better retained than both non-interrelated and pseudo-interrelated (i.e. by-chance similar or identical) contents, and even more in pairs of contiguous than non-contiguous MSEs collected from the first four periods of REM sleep on each experimental night. The second experiment showed that the frequency and retention rate of interrelated contents, while higher than those of non-interrelated and pseudo-interrelated contents, were not significantly different in pairs of MSEs which were verbally or mentally recalled after awakening provoked during the first four periods of REM sleep in each experimental night. Taken together, these findings indicate that the advantage provided by repeated processing during REM sleep for the consolidation of the output of items of Declarative Knowledge is conspicuous and largely independent from the experimental procedure, as this only slightly enhances the frequency and retention rate of interrelated contents.
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consolidation effect of the processing of Declarative Knowledge during human sleep evidence from long term retention of interrelated contents of mental sleep experiences
Brain Research Bulletin, 2005Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Sleep may partly exert a positive influence on memory through the processing underlying the transformation of items of Declarative Knowledge into contents of mental sleep experience (MSE). This hypothesis implies that the level of consolidation (and thus, long-term retention) should be enhanced for those items which are repeatedly processed and transformed into identical or very similar (so-called interrelated) contents of distinct MSEs developed over the same night. To test this prediction, we examined accessibility at delayed recall (i.e., the next morning) of the interrelated contents of MSEs reported (immediate recall) by 14 subjects who were awakened during the first four periods of rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep in two experimental nights. Interrelated contents were much more frequent, and at delayed recall much better retained, than other, non-interrelated contents in report pairs of MSEs. Moreover, they were also more frequent and better retained than by-chance similar or identical contents, as estimated in report pairs of MSEs of different subjects. These findings provide partial but coherent evidence in favour of the hypothesis that a generation effect occurs during sleep, with a further consolidation of the input and the output of MSE processing (respectively, the items of Declarative Knowledge and the contents of MSEs resulting from their elaboration during sleep).
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incorporation of presleep stimuli into dream contents evidence for a consolidation effect on Declarative Knowledge during rem sleep
Journal of Sleep Research, 2004Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Summary Presleep stimuli to be retained for further recall is often incorporated into dream contents. To establish whether processing for insertion into dream contents may improve consolidation, we compared the retention rate at delayed recall of contents resulting from incorporation of presleep sentence-stimuli with those of other contents of the same dream experiences. We hypothesized that association with a cognitive task of recall facilitates access to recently acquired items of Declarative Knowledge such as presleep stimuli, and triggers the deep elaboration of their semantic features, which involves rehearsal. Twelve subjects were given a task of delayed recall for three nonsense sentences delivered once a time before each of the sleep (re-)onsets over an experimental night. After each awakening in rapid eye movement sleep, subjects were asked to report dream experience and recall the sentence to be retained. In the morning, after spontaneous awakening, subjects were unexpectedly requested to again report their dream experiences and to recall the stimuli. Two pairs of judges independently identified possible incorporations of the stimuli, and parsed dream reports into propositional content units. The proportion of night reports with at least one incorporation of the stimulus delivered (i.e. valid incorporations) was higher than that of reports with contents similar to a stimulus(-i) not yet delivered (forward pseudo-incorporations) or delivered prior to an earlier sleep period (backward pseudo-incorporations). The proportion of content units common to night and morning reports (considered to be better consolidated) was significantly higher for incorporated contents than for other contents, including pseudo-incorporated contents. Instead, the retention at morning recall of words of sentence-stimuli corresponding to incorporated contents was not significantly higher than that of other words. The better retention of incorporated contents provides a partial confirmation (that is, limited to the output of the processing) that a generation effect, which benefits retention of actively processed information, is operative during sleep as well as in waking.
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active processing of Declarative Knowledge during rem sleep dreaming
Journal of Sleep Research, 2001Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Roberto Bolzani, Giovanni Tuozzi, Igino FagioliAbstract:The ability to process recently acquired Knowledge is clearly maintained during sleep. Here we assess whether and how far the sleeper controls this processing (in a non-volitional and non-conscious manner). We posit that during sleep, the cognitive concerns of previous waking may guide access to, and processing of, items of Declarative Knowledge with which those concerns are associated. In a delayed recall task, before each of three sleep onsets in the same night, 12 subjects heard a different nonsense sentence. When awakened in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, they were asked to report their dream experience and to recall the last sentence heard. Occurrences of incorporation into dream content were more frequent for this sentence than for the sentences heard before previous sleep onsets, and also more frequent than occurrences of similar contents in reports from a control night. However, the modalities of elaboration of dream contents did not vary. These findings indicate that cognitive concern can affect the accessing of recently acquired Declarative Knowledge during sleep, but not the modalities by which this is inserted into dream content. They also suggest that cognitive concern may help consolidate Knowledge by increasing the likelihood of it being processed during sleep.
Michela Mazzetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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consolidation effect of repeated processing of Declarative Knowledge in mental experiences during human sleep
Brain Research Bulletin, 2006Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Sleep may positively influence Declarative memory through the processing, which transforms items of Declarative Knowledge into contents of mental sleep experience (MSE). A prediction from this general hypothesis is that the consolidation level should be higher for the output of items repeatedly processed and transformed into identical or very similar (so-called interrelated) contents of distinct MSEs of the same night rather than for the output of items presumably processed once (that is, all other, non-interrelated contents). Two experiments examined whether and how far the frequency and long-term retention of interrelated contents depend on the repeated processing of given items rather than on the experimental procedure applied for detection of interrelated contents. This procedure entails both multiple awakenings and a verbal report of MSE after awakening. Multiple awakenings could facilitate the re-access and elaboration of some contents into the subsequent (i.e. contiguous) MSE rather than non-contiguous MSEs; verbal reports could enhance the delayed recall of interrelated contents in as much as repeatedly encoded. The first experiment showed that interrelated contents were more frequent and better retained than both non-interrelated and pseudo-interrelated (i.e. by-chance similar or identical) contents, and even more in pairs of contiguous than non-contiguous MSEs collected from the first four periods of REM sleep on each experimental night. The second experiment showed that the frequency and retention rate of interrelated contents, while higher than those of non-interrelated and pseudo-interrelated contents, were not significantly different in pairs of MSEs which were verbally or mentally recalled after awakening provoked during the first four periods of REM sleep in each experimental night. Taken together, these findings indicate that the advantage provided by repeated processing during REM sleep for the consolidation of the output of items of Declarative Knowledge is conspicuous and largely independent from the experimental procedure, as this only slightly enhances the frequency and retention rate of interrelated contents.
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consolidation effect of the processing of Declarative Knowledge during human sleep evidence from long term retention of interrelated contents of mental sleep experiences
Brain Research Bulletin, 2005Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Sleep may partly exert a positive influence on memory through the processing underlying the transformation of items of Declarative Knowledge into contents of mental sleep experience (MSE). This hypothesis implies that the level of consolidation (and thus, long-term retention) should be enhanced for those items which are repeatedly processed and transformed into identical or very similar (so-called interrelated) contents of distinct MSEs developed over the same night. To test this prediction, we examined accessibility at delayed recall (i.e., the next morning) of the interrelated contents of MSEs reported (immediate recall) by 14 subjects who were awakened during the first four periods of rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep in two experimental nights. Interrelated contents were much more frequent, and at delayed recall much better retained, than other, non-interrelated contents in report pairs of MSEs. Moreover, they were also more frequent and better retained than by-chance similar or identical contents, as estimated in report pairs of MSEs of different subjects. These findings provide partial but coherent evidence in favour of the hypothesis that a generation effect occurs during sleep, with a further consolidation of the input and the output of MSE processing (respectively, the items of Declarative Knowledge and the contents of MSEs resulting from their elaboration during sleep).
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incorporation of presleep stimuli into dream contents evidence for a consolidation effect on Declarative Knowledge during rem sleep
Journal of Sleep Research, 2004Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Igino Fagioli, Michela Mazzetti, Giovanni TuozziAbstract:Summary Presleep stimuli to be retained for further recall is often incorporated into dream contents. To establish whether processing for insertion into dream contents may improve consolidation, we compared the retention rate at delayed recall of contents resulting from incorporation of presleep sentence-stimuli with those of other contents of the same dream experiences. We hypothesized that association with a cognitive task of recall facilitates access to recently acquired items of Declarative Knowledge such as presleep stimuli, and triggers the deep elaboration of their semantic features, which involves rehearsal. Twelve subjects were given a task of delayed recall for three nonsense sentences delivered once a time before each of the sleep (re-)onsets over an experimental night. After each awakening in rapid eye movement sleep, subjects were asked to report dream experience and recall the sentence to be retained. In the morning, after spontaneous awakening, subjects were unexpectedly requested to again report their dream experiences and to recall the stimuli. Two pairs of judges independently identified possible incorporations of the stimuli, and parsed dream reports into propositional content units. The proportion of night reports with at least one incorporation of the stimulus delivered (i.e. valid incorporations) was higher than that of reports with contents similar to a stimulus(-i) not yet delivered (forward pseudo-incorporations) or delivered prior to an earlier sleep period (backward pseudo-incorporations). The proportion of content units common to night and morning reports (considered to be better consolidated) was significantly higher for incorporated contents than for other contents, including pseudo-incorporated contents. Instead, the retention at morning recall of words of sentence-stimuli corresponding to incorporated contents was not significantly higher than that of other words. The better retention of incorporated contents provides a partial confirmation (that is, limited to the output of the processing) that a generation effect, which benefits retention of actively processed information, is operative during sleep as well as in waking.
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continuity of the processing of Declarative Knowledge during human sleep evidence from interrelated contents of mental sleep experiences
Neuroscience Letters, 2003Co-Authors: Carlo Cipolli, Michela Mazzetti, Piercarla Cicogna, Katia Mattarozzi, Vincenzo Natale, Miranda OcchioneroAbstract:The positive influence of sleep on memory may partly depend on the processing which transforms items of Declarative Knowledge into contents of mental sleep experience (MSE). This view implies that the consolidation level should be more enhanced for those items which have been repeatedly processed and transformed into identical or very similar (so-called interrelated) contents of distinct MSEs in the same night. We examined here the occurrence of interrelated contents in the MSEs reported after an awakening provoked in stage 2 at sleep onset and the spontaneous awakening in the morning. Interrelated contents resulted much more frequently than the chance occurrence of contents with the same semantic features, regardless of the sleep stage in which morning awakening occurred. The accessibility of given items for transformation into MSE contents over the night makes it plausible that they are reprocessed, and thus further consolidated, during various stages and cycles of sleep.
Tina Seidel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Declarative Knowledge and professional vision in teacher education effect of courses in teaching and learning
British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Kathleen Sturmer, Karen D Konings, Tina SeidelAbstract:Teachers' professional vision includes the ability to apply general pedagogical Knowledge about components of effective teaching and learning to reason about significant features of classroom practice. It requires teachers to (a) describe, (b) explain, and (c) predict classroom situations. Although the acquisition of underling Knowledge can be considered as a key element of university-based teacher education programmes, to date, there has been little empirical research on teacher candidates' development of professional vision. Aims. This study aims to improve understanding of how different university-based courses in teaching and learning impact the development of professional vision. Sample. Participants were teacher candidates ( N= 53) attending the same teacher education programme at a German university. They were enrolled in one of three different compulsory courses in teaching and learning, lasting one semester. Methods. In a pre-test-post-test design, participants' Declarative Knowledge about teaching and learning was measured with a test, professional vision with the online tool Observer. Analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted. Results. Teacher candidates in all three courses showed significant gains both in Declarative Knowledge and professional vision. Patterns of results differed depending on the course attended. A video-based course with a focus on effective teaching resulted in highest gains in prediction of the consequences of observed events for student learning processes, which is the highest level of Knowledge transfer. Conclusion. The development of professional vision is a strongly Knowledge-guided process. In line with their content and aims, university-based courses can enhance teaching-relevant Knowledge for teacher candidates.
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Declarative Knowledge and professional vision in teacher education: effect of courses in teaching and learning.
The British journal of educational psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Kathleen Sturmer, Karen D Konings, Tina SeidelAbstract:Teachers' professional vision includes the ability to apply general pedagogical Knowledge about components of effective teaching and learning to reason about significant features of classroom practice. It requires teachers to (a) describe, (b) explain, and (c) predict classroom situations. Although the acquisition of underling Knowledge can be considered as a key element of university-based teacher education programmes, to date, there has been little empirical research on teacher candidates' development of professional vision. This study aims to improve understanding of how different university-based courses in teaching and learning impact the development of professional vision. Participants were teacher candidates (N= 53) attending the same teacher education programme at a German university. They were enrolled in one of three different compulsory courses in teaching and learning, lasting one semester. In a pre-test-post-test design, participants' Declarative Knowledge about teaching and learning was measured with a test, professional vision with the online tool Observer. Analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted. Teacher candidates in all three courses showed significant gains both in Declarative Knowledge and professional vision. Patterns of results differed depending on the course attended. A video-based course with a focus on effective teaching resulted in highest gains in prediction of the consequences of observed events for student learning processes, which is the highest level of Knowledge transfer. The development of professional vision is a strongly Knowledge-guided process. In line with their content and aims, university-based courses can enhance teaching-relevant Knowledge for teacher candidates. © 2012 The British Psychological Society.
