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C Schmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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skin impression with acetate tape in Demodex canis and scarcoptes scabiei var vulpes diagnosis impressao cutânea com fita de acetato no diagnostico de Demodex canis e sarcoptes scabiei var vulpes
2015Co-Authors: A Krause, C SchmidtAbstract:ABSTRACT This study compares the efficacy of skin impression with acetate tape and the deep skin scraping test to find D. canis and S. scabiei in dogs. During six months, 134 samples were collected by both techniques from 115 dogs treated at the dermatology service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM). Of these patients, 27 had demodicosis and 12 had scabies. The impression with acetate tape test (ITT) was shown to be significantly superior to the deep skin scraping test (DSST) in finding D. canis and S. scabiei mites (p = 0.007). Based on our results we could conclude that acetate tape impression is a reliable method for diagnosing and monitoring therapy of dermatopathies caused by mites and can be used to replace the traditional deep skin scraping method. In addition, since it is less traumatic for the dog, this method shows more acceptance by the owner. Keywords: dog, acetate tape, demodicosis, scabies RESUMO Este estudo compara a eficacia da impressao cutânea com fita de acetato ao raspado cutâneo profundo para a pesquisa de
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Skin impression with acetate tape in Demodex canis and Scarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes diagnosis
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 2015Co-Authors: D.t. Pereira, A Krause, L.j.m. Castro, V.b. Centenaro, Anne Santos Do Amaral, C SchmidtAbstract:This study compares the efficacy of skin impression with acetate tape and the deep skin scraping test to find D. canis and S. scabieiin dogs. During six months, 134 samples were collected by both techniques from 115 dogs treated at the dermatology service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM). Of these patients, 27 had demodicosis and 12 had scabies. The impression with acetate tape test (ITT) was shown to be significantly superior to the deep skin scraping test (DSST) in finding D. canis and S. scabiei mites (p = 0.007). Based on our results we could conclude that acetate tape impression is a reliable method for diagnosing and monitoring therapy of dermatopathies caused by mites and can be used to replace the traditional deep skin scraping method. In addition, since it is less traumatic for the dog, this method shows more acceptance by the owner.
Lluís Ferrer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Serum detection of IgG antibodies against Demodex canis by western blot in healthy dogs and dogs with juvenile generalized demodicosis.
Research in Veterinary Science, 2015Co-Authors: Iván Ravera, Diana Ferreira, Laia Solano Gallego, Mar Bardagí, Lluís FerrerAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of canine immunoglobulins (Ig) G against Demodex proteins in the sera of healthy dogs and of dogs with juvenile generalized demodicosis (CanJGD) with or without secondary pyoderma. Demodex mites were collected from dogs with CanJGD. Protein concentration was measured and a western blot technique was performed. Pooled sera from healthy dogs reacted mainly with antigen bands ranging from 55 to 72 kDa. Pooled sera from dogs with CanJGD without secondary pyoderma reacted either with 10 kDa antigen band or 55 to 72 kDa bands. Pooled sera from dogs with CanJGD with secondary pyoderma reacted only with a 10 kDa antigen band. The results of this study suggest that both healthy dogs and dogs with CanJGD develop a humoral response against different proteins of Demodex canis.
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Phylogenetic relationships in three species of canine Demodex mite based on partial sequences of mitochondrial 16S rDNA
Veterinary Dermatology, 2012Co-Authors: Natalia Sastre, Iván Ravera, Mar Bardagí, Laura Altet, Olga Francino, Armand Sánchez, Sergio Villanueva, Lluís FerrerAbstract:Background – The historical classification of Demodex mites has been based on their hosts and morphological features. Genome sequencing has proved to be a very effective taxonomic tool in phylogenetic studies and has been applied in the classification of Demodex. Mitochondrial 16S rDNA has been demonstrated to be an especially useful marker to establish phylogenetic relationships. Hypothesis/Objectives – To amplify and sequence a segment of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA from Demodex canis and Demodex injai, as well as from the short-bodied mite called, unofficially, D. cornei and to determine their genetic proximity. Methods – Demodex mites were examined microscopically and classified as Demodex folliculorum (one sample), D. canis (four samples), D. injai (two samples) or the short-bodied species D. cornei (three samples). DNA was extracted, and a 338 bp fragment of the 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced. Results – The sequences of the four D. canis mites were identical and shared 99.6 and 97.3% identity with two D. canis sequences available at GenBank. The sequences of the D. cornei isolates were identical and showed 97.8, 98.2 and 99.6% identity with the D. canis isolates. The sequences of the two D. injai isolates were also identical and showed 76.6% identity with the D. canis sequence. Conclusion – Demodex canis and D. injai are two different species, with a genetic distance of 23.3%. It would seem that the short-bodied Demodex mite D. cornei is a morphological variant of D. canis. Resume Contexte – La classification historique des acariens Demodex repose sur leurs hotes et leurs caracteristiques morphologiques. Le sequencage du genome s’avere etre un outil tres efficace dans les etudes phylogenetiques et a ete utilise dans la classification des Demodex. Il a ete demontre que l’ADNr 16S mitochondrial etait un marqueur particulierement utile pour etablir des relations phylogenetiques. Hypotheses/Objectifs – Amplifier et sequencer un segment d’ADNr 16S mitochondrial de Demodex canis et Demodex injai, ainsi que l’acarien a corps court appele officieusement Demodex cornei, et determiner leur proximite genetique. Methodes – Les acariens Demodex ont ete examines au microscope et classifies en tant que Demodex folliculorum (un echantillon), D. canis (quatre echantillons), D. injai (deux echantillons) ou D. cornei (trois echantillons). L’ADN a ete extrait et un fragment de 338 pb de l’ADNr 16S a ete amplifie et sequence. Resultats – Les sequences des quatre acariens D. canisetaient identiques et presentaient 99.6 et 97.3% de similitudes avec deux sequences de D. canis disponibles a GenBank. Les sequences des echantillons de D. corneietaient identiques et montraient une similitude de 97.8, 98.2 et 99.6% avec les echantillons de D. canis. Les sequences de deux isolats de D. injaietaient egalement identiques et montraient une correspondance de 76.6% avec la sequence de D. canis. Conclusion – Demodex canis et D. injai sont deux especes differentes, avec une distance genetique de 23.3%. Il semblerait que le Demodexa corps court, appele officieusement D. cornei, soit un variant morphologique de D. canis. Resumen Introduccion – la clasificacion historica de los acaros Demodex se ha basado en los hospedadores y en sus caracteristicas morfologicas. La secuenciacion del genoma ha demostrado ser una herramienta taxonomica muy efectiva en estudios filogeneticos y se ha aplicado en la clasificacion de Demodex. El gen mitocondrial 16S rDNA se ha caracterizado como un marcador especialmente util para establecer relaciones filogeneticas. Hipotesis/objetivos – amplificar y secuenciar un segmento del gen mitocondrial 16S rDNA de Demodex canis y Demodex injai, asi como del acaro de cuerpo corto llamado de forma no oficial Demodex cornei, y determinar su proximidad genetica. Metodos – acaros Demodex se examinaron microscopicamente y se clasificaron como Demodex folliculorum (una muestra), D. canis (cuatro muestras), D. injai (dos muestras) o el acaro de cuerpo corto denominado de forma no oficial D. cornei (tres muestras). Se extrajo el DNA y se amplifico y secuencio un fragmento de 338 pares de bases del gen mitocondrial 16S rDNA. Resultados – las secuencias del los cuatro acaros D. canis fueron identicas y presentaron un 99,6 y 97,3% de identidad con dos de las secuencias disponibles en GenBank. Las secuencias del los aislados de D. cornei fueron identicas y mostraron 97,8; 98,2 y 99,6% de identidad con los aislados de D. canis. Las secuencias de los dos aislados de D. injai tambien fueron identicas y mostraron 76,6% de identidad con la secuencia de D. canis. Conclusion – D. canis and D. injai son dos especies distintas con una distancia genetica del 23,3%. Parece que el acaro Demodex de cuerpo corto denominado D. cornei de forma no oficial es una variante morfologica de D. canis. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund – Die historische Systematik der Demodexmilben basierte bisher auf den jeweiligen Wirten und den morphologischen Charakteristika der Milben. Die Genomsequenzierung hat sich als sehr effektives taxonomisches Mittel bei phylogenetischen Studien erwiesen und fand bei der Klassifizierung der Demodexmilben ihre Anwendung. Es konnte mitochondrale 16S rDNA als besonders sinnvoller Marker zur Erstellung phylogenetischer Verwandtschaften demonstriert werden. Hypothese/Ziele – Amplifizierung und Sequenzierung eines Segments der mitochondralen 16S rDNA von Demodex canis und Demodex injai, sowie von der Milbe mit kurzem Rumpf, die inoffiziell als Demodex cornei bezeichnet wurde, und Bestimmung ihrer genetischen Nahe. Methoden – Die Demodexmilben wurden mikroskopisch untersucht und als Demodex folliculorum (eine Probe), D. canis (vier Proben), D. injai (zwei Proben) oder als die Spezies mit kurzem Rumpf, inoffiziell als D. cornei bezeichnet (drei Proben), eingeteilt. Es wurde DNA extrahiert und ein Fragment mit 338 bp der 16S rDNA amplifiziert und sequenziert. Ergebnisse – Die Sequenzen der vier D. canis Milben waren identisch und zeigten eine 99,6 und 97,3%ige Identitat mit den zwei verfugbaren D. canis Sequenzen aus der GenBank. Die Sequenzen der D. cornei Isolate waren identisch und zeigten eine 97,8, 98,2 und 99,6%ige Identitat mit den D. canis Isolaten. Die Sequenzen der beiden D. injai Isolate waren ebenfalls identisch und zeigten eine 76,6%ige Identitat mit der D. canis Sequenz. Schlussfolgerung – Demodex canis und D. injai sind zwei verschiedene Spezies mit einer genetischen Distanz von 23,3%. Es scheint, dass die Demodexmilbe mit kurzem Rumpf, die inoffiziell als D. cornei bezeichnet wird, eine morphologische Variante von D. canis darstellt.
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Development of a real-time PCR to detect Demodex canis DNA in different tissue samples
Parasitology Research, 2011Co-Authors: Iván Ravera, Mar Bardagí, Laura Altet, Olga Francino, Armand Sánchez, Lluís FerrerAbstract:The present study reports the development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Demodex canis DNA on different tissue samples. The technique amplifies a 166 bp of D. canis chitin synthase gene (AB 080667) and it has been successfully tested on hairs extracted with their roots and on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded skin biopsies. The real-time PCR amplified on the hairs of all 14 dogs with a firm diagnosis of demodicosis and consistently failed to amplify on negative controls. Eleven of 12 skin biopsies with a morphologic diagnosis of canine demodicosis were also positive. Sampling hairs on two skin points (lateral face and interdigital skin), D. canis DNA was detected on nine of 51 healthy dogs (17.6%) a much higher percentage than previously reported with microscopic studies. Furthermore, it is foreseen that if the number of samples were increased, the percentage of positive dogs would probably also grow. Moreover, in four of the six dogs with demodicosis, the samples taken from non-lesioned skin were positive. This finding, if confirmed in further studies, suggests that demodicosis is a generalized phenomenon in canine skin, due to proliferation of local mite populations, even though macroscopic lesions only appear in certain areas. The real-time PCR technique to detect D. canis DNA described in this work is a useful tool to advance our understanding of canine demodicosis.
Iván Ravera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Serum detection of IgG antibodies against Demodex canis by western blot in healthy dogs and dogs with juvenile generalized demodicosis.
Research in Veterinary Science, 2015Co-Authors: Iván Ravera, Diana Ferreira, Laia Solano Gallego, Mar Bardagí, Lluís FerrerAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of canine immunoglobulins (Ig) G against Demodex proteins in the sera of healthy dogs and of dogs with juvenile generalized demodicosis (CanJGD) with or without secondary pyoderma. Demodex mites were collected from dogs with CanJGD. Protein concentration was measured and a western blot technique was performed. Pooled sera from healthy dogs reacted mainly with antigen bands ranging from 55 to 72 kDa. Pooled sera from dogs with CanJGD without secondary pyoderma reacted either with 10 kDa antigen band or 55 to 72 kDa bands. Pooled sera from dogs with CanJGD with secondary pyoderma reacted only with a 10 kDa antigen band. The results of this study suggest that both healthy dogs and dogs with CanJGD develop a humoral response against different proteins of Demodex canis.
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Phylogenetic relationships in three species of canine Demodex mite based on partial sequences of mitochondrial 16S rDNA
Veterinary Dermatology, 2012Co-Authors: Natalia Sastre, Iván Ravera, Mar Bardagí, Laura Altet, Olga Francino, Armand Sánchez, Sergio Villanueva, Lluís FerrerAbstract:Background – The historical classification of Demodex mites has been based on their hosts and morphological features. Genome sequencing has proved to be a very effective taxonomic tool in phylogenetic studies and has been applied in the classification of Demodex. Mitochondrial 16S rDNA has been demonstrated to be an especially useful marker to establish phylogenetic relationships. Hypothesis/Objectives – To amplify and sequence a segment of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA from Demodex canis and Demodex injai, as well as from the short-bodied mite called, unofficially, D. cornei and to determine their genetic proximity. Methods – Demodex mites were examined microscopically and classified as Demodex folliculorum (one sample), D. canis (four samples), D. injai (two samples) or the short-bodied species D. cornei (three samples). DNA was extracted, and a 338 bp fragment of the 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced. Results – The sequences of the four D. canis mites were identical and shared 99.6 and 97.3% identity with two D. canis sequences available at GenBank. The sequences of the D. cornei isolates were identical and showed 97.8, 98.2 and 99.6% identity with the D. canis isolates. The sequences of the two D. injai isolates were also identical and showed 76.6% identity with the D. canis sequence. Conclusion – Demodex canis and D. injai are two different species, with a genetic distance of 23.3%. It would seem that the short-bodied Demodex mite D. cornei is a morphological variant of D. canis. Resume Contexte – La classification historique des acariens Demodex repose sur leurs hotes et leurs caracteristiques morphologiques. Le sequencage du genome s’avere etre un outil tres efficace dans les etudes phylogenetiques et a ete utilise dans la classification des Demodex. Il a ete demontre que l’ADNr 16S mitochondrial etait un marqueur particulierement utile pour etablir des relations phylogenetiques. Hypotheses/Objectifs – Amplifier et sequencer un segment d’ADNr 16S mitochondrial de Demodex canis et Demodex injai, ainsi que l’acarien a corps court appele officieusement Demodex cornei, et determiner leur proximite genetique. Methodes – Les acariens Demodex ont ete examines au microscope et classifies en tant que Demodex folliculorum (un echantillon), D. canis (quatre echantillons), D. injai (deux echantillons) ou D. cornei (trois echantillons). L’ADN a ete extrait et un fragment de 338 pb de l’ADNr 16S a ete amplifie et sequence. Resultats – Les sequences des quatre acariens D. canisetaient identiques et presentaient 99.6 et 97.3% de similitudes avec deux sequences de D. canis disponibles a GenBank. Les sequences des echantillons de D. corneietaient identiques et montraient une similitude de 97.8, 98.2 et 99.6% avec les echantillons de D. canis. Les sequences de deux isolats de D. injaietaient egalement identiques et montraient une correspondance de 76.6% avec la sequence de D. canis. Conclusion – Demodex canis et D. injai sont deux especes differentes, avec une distance genetique de 23.3%. Il semblerait que le Demodexa corps court, appele officieusement D. cornei, soit un variant morphologique de D. canis. Resumen Introduccion – la clasificacion historica de los acaros Demodex se ha basado en los hospedadores y en sus caracteristicas morfologicas. La secuenciacion del genoma ha demostrado ser una herramienta taxonomica muy efectiva en estudios filogeneticos y se ha aplicado en la clasificacion de Demodex. El gen mitocondrial 16S rDNA se ha caracterizado como un marcador especialmente util para establecer relaciones filogeneticas. Hipotesis/objetivos – amplificar y secuenciar un segmento del gen mitocondrial 16S rDNA de Demodex canis y Demodex injai, asi como del acaro de cuerpo corto llamado de forma no oficial Demodex cornei, y determinar su proximidad genetica. Metodos – acaros Demodex se examinaron microscopicamente y se clasificaron como Demodex folliculorum (una muestra), D. canis (cuatro muestras), D. injai (dos muestras) o el acaro de cuerpo corto denominado de forma no oficial D. cornei (tres muestras). Se extrajo el DNA y se amplifico y secuencio un fragmento de 338 pares de bases del gen mitocondrial 16S rDNA. Resultados – las secuencias del los cuatro acaros D. canis fueron identicas y presentaron un 99,6 y 97,3% de identidad con dos de las secuencias disponibles en GenBank. Las secuencias del los aislados de D. cornei fueron identicas y mostraron 97,8; 98,2 y 99,6% de identidad con los aislados de D. canis. Las secuencias de los dos aislados de D. injai tambien fueron identicas y mostraron 76,6% de identidad con la secuencia de D. canis. Conclusion – D. canis and D. injai son dos especies distintas con una distancia genetica del 23,3%. Parece que el acaro Demodex de cuerpo corto denominado D. cornei de forma no oficial es una variante morfologica de D. canis. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund – Die historische Systematik der Demodexmilben basierte bisher auf den jeweiligen Wirten und den morphologischen Charakteristika der Milben. Die Genomsequenzierung hat sich als sehr effektives taxonomisches Mittel bei phylogenetischen Studien erwiesen und fand bei der Klassifizierung der Demodexmilben ihre Anwendung. Es konnte mitochondrale 16S rDNA als besonders sinnvoller Marker zur Erstellung phylogenetischer Verwandtschaften demonstriert werden. Hypothese/Ziele – Amplifizierung und Sequenzierung eines Segments der mitochondralen 16S rDNA von Demodex canis und Demodex injai, sowie von der Milbe mit kurzem Rumpf, die inoffiziell als Demodex cornei bezeichnet wurde, und Bestimmung ihrer genetischen Nahe. Methoden – Die Demodexmilben wurden mikroskopisch untersucht und als Demodex folliculorum (eine Probe), D. canis (vier Proben), D. injai (zwei Proben) oder als die Spezies mit kurzem Rumpf, inoffiziell als D. cornei bezeichnet (drei Proben), eingeteilt. Es wurde DNA extrahiert und ein Fragment mit 338 bp der 16S rDNA amplifiziert und sequenziert. Ergebnisse – Die Sequenzen der vier D. canis Milben waren identisch und zeigten eine 99,6 und 97,3%ige Identitat mit den zwei verfugbaren D. canis Sequenzen aus der GenBank. Die Sequenzen der D. cornei Isolate waren identisch und zeigten eine 97,8, 98,2 und 99,6%ige Identitat mit den D. canis Isolaten. Die Sequenzen der beiden D. injai Isolate waren ebenfalls identisch und zeigten eine 76,6%ige Identitat mit der D. canis Sequenz. Schlussfolgerung – Demodex canis und D. injai sind zwei verschiedene Spezies mit einer genetischen Distanz von 23,3%. Es scheint, dass die Demodexmilbe mit kurzem Rumpf, die inoffiziell als D. cornei bezeichnet wird, eine morphologische Variante von D. canis darstellt.
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Development of a real-time PCR to detect Demodex canis DNA in different tissue samples
Parasitology Research, 2011Co-Authors: Iván Ravera, Mar Bardagí, Laura Altet, Olga Francino, Armand Sánchez, Lluís FerrerAbstract:The present study reports the development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Demodex canis DNA on different tissue samples. The technique amplifies a 166 bp of D. canis chitin synthase gene (AB 080667) and it has been successfully tested on hairs extracted with their roots and on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded skin biopsies. The real-time PCR amplified on the hairs of all 14 dogs with a firm diagnosis of demodicosis and consistently failed to amplify on negative controls. Eleven of 12 skin biopsies with a morphologic diagnosis of canine demodicosis were also positive. Sampling hairs on two skin points (lateral face and interdigital skin), D. canis DNA was detected on nine of 51 healthy dogs (17.6%) a much higher percentage than previously reported with microscopic studies. Furthermore, it is foreseen that if the number of samples were increased, the percentage of positive dogs would probably also grow. Moreover, in four of the six dogs with demodicosis, the samples taken from non-lesioned skin were positive. This finding, if confirmed in further studies, suggests that demodicosis is a generalized phenomenon in canine skin, due to proliferation of local mite populations, even though macroscopic lesions only appear in certain areas. The real-time PCR technique to detect D. canis DNA described in this work is a useful tool to advance our understanding of canine demodicosis.
A Krause - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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skin impression with acetate tape in Demodex canis and scarcoptes scabiei var vulpes diagnosis impressao cutânea com fita de acetato no diagnostico de Demodex canis e sarcoptes scabiei var vulpes
2015Co-Authors: A Krause, C SchmidtAbstract:ABSTRACT This study compares the efficacy of skin impression with acetate tape and the deep skin scraping test to find D. canis and S. scabiei in dogs. During six months, 134 samples were collected by both techniques from 115 dogs treated at the dermatology service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM). Of these patients, 27 had demodicosis and 12 had scabies. The impression with acetate tape test (ITT) was shown to be significantly superior to the deep skin scraping test (DSST) in finding D. canis and S. scabiei mites (p = 0.007). Based on our results we could conclude that acetate tape impression is a reliable method for diagnosing and monitoring therapy of dermatopathies caused by mites and can be used to replace the traditional deep skin scraping method. In addition, since it is less traumatic for the dog, this method shows more acceptance by the owner. Keywords: dog, acetate tape, demodicosis, scabies RESUMO Este estudo compara a eficacia da impressao cutânea com fita de acetato ao raspado cutâneo profundo para a pesquisa de
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Skin impression with acetate tape in Demodex canis and Scarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes diagnosis
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 2015Co-Authors: D.t. Pereira, A Krause, L.j.m. Castro, V.b. Centenaro, Anne Santos Do Amaral, C SchmidtAbstract:This study compares the efficacy of skin impression with acetate tape and the deep skin scraping test to find D. canis and S. scabieiin dogs. During six months, 134 samples were collected by both techniques from 115 dogs treated at the dermatology service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM). Of these patients, 27 had demodicosis and 12 had scabies. The impression with acetate tape test (ITT) was shown to be significantly superior to the deep skin scraping test (DSST) in finding D. canis and S. scabiei mites (p = 0.007). Based on our results we could conclude that acetate tape impression is a reliable method for diagnosing and monitoring therapy of dermatopathies caused by mites and can be used to replace the traditional deep skin scraping method. In addition, since it is less traumatic for the dog, this method shows more acceptance by the owner.
Shanker K. Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Demodex canis targets TLRs to evade host immunity and induce canine demodicosis.
Parasite Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Priyambada Kumari, Rajesh Nigam, Shanker K. Singh, Soumen Choudhury, Brajesh K. Yadav, Dinesh Kumar, Satish K. GargAbstract:Widespread incidence of Demodex mites throughout the mammalian class and occasional serious and fatal outcomes in dogs warrant an insight into the host-parasite interface especially. Therefore, this study was aimed to unravel the interplay between innate immune response and canine demodicosis. The dogs diagnosed to have natural clinical demodicosis were allocated into two groups; dogs with localized demodicosis (LD) and with generalized demodicosis (GD). The expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4 and 6 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of these dogs was quantified by real-time PCR. Significantly increased TLR2 gene expression, while significantly diminished TLR4 and TLR6 gene expressions were observed in demodicosed dogs (LD and GD) as compared with the healthy ones. Even the expression of TLR2 gene was found to differ significantly between the dogs with LD and GD. Therefore, it can be inferred that clinical demodicosis in dogs is coupled with an up-regulation of TLR2 and down-regulation of TLR4 and TLR6 gene expressions. Overexpression of TLR2 gene might be responsible for Demodex-induced clinical manifestations, while TLR4 and TLR6 gene down-regulations could be the paramount strategy of Demodex mites to elude the host-immune interface.
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Demodex canis regulates cholinergic system mediated immunosuppressive pathways in canine demodicosis.
Parasitology, 2017Co-Authors: Priyambada Kumari, Rajesh Nigam, Udayraj P. Nakade, Ambika Sharma, Satish K. Garg, Shanker K. SinghAbstract:Demodex canis infestation in dogs remains one of the main challenges in veterinary dermatology. The exact pathogenesis of canine demodicosis is unknown but an aberration in immune status is considered very significant. No studies have underpinned the nexus between induction of demodicosis and neural immunosuppressive pathways so far. We have evaluated the involvement of cholinergic pathways in association with cytokines regulation as an insight into the immuno-pathogenesis of canine demodicosis in the present study. Remarkable elevations in circulatory immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 and cholinesterase activity were observed in dogs with demodicosis. Simultaneously, remarkable reduction in circulatory pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha level was observed in dogs with demodicosis. Findings of the present study evidently suggest that Demodex mites might be affecting the cholinergic pathways to induce immunosuppression in their host and then proliferate incessantly in skin microenvironment to cause demodicosis.
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An update on therapeutic management of canine demodicosis.
Veterinary World, 2011Co-Authors: Shanker K. Singh, Mritunjay Kumar, R. K. Jadhav, Sandeep K. SaxenaAbstract:Canine demodicosis is a common noncontagious parasitic dermatosis caused by different spp of Demodex mites including Demodex canis, Demodex injai and D. cornei. Generalized demodicosis can be one of the most frustrating skin diseases, one will ever treat. Conventional and newer miticidal therapies are available to veterinarian to treat this frustrating skin disease. All recognized Demodex mites in dogs appear to respond similarly to mite targeted therapy. Treatment for canine demodicosis includes amitraz, ivermectin, milbemicin oxime, moxidectin, and doramectin. The use of any glucocorticoid-containing products is contraindicated and could favour disease generalization. Conventional treatments will often appear to work however, but it relies heavily on a highly toxic method of treatment. Using natural remedies for mange, on the other hand, can enhance the dog’s immune system, so that the body can fight off the mange mite infection by itself.