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Thomas W. Sappington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genome sequence of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera virus2 a novel small rna virus of the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte
Genome Announcements, 2017Co-Authors: Sijun Liu, Thomas W. Sappington, Yuting Chen, Bryony C BonningAbstract:ABSTRACT The genome of a novel small RNA virus, tentatively named Diabrotica virgifera virgifera virus 2 (DvvV2), was identified in the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, through transcriptome sequencing and confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. Here, we report the near-complete nucleotide sequence and the genome organization of DvvV2.
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Genes, gene flow and adaptation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: Nicholas J. Miller, Lance J Meinke, Michael E Gray, Blair D. Siegfried, Thomas Guillemaud, Rosanna Giordano, Thomas W. SappingtonAbstract:1 Diabrotica virgifera virgifera has emerged as a major pest of cultivated maize, due to a combination of its high capacity to inflict economic damage, adaptability to pest management techniques and invasiveness. 2 This review presents a survey of the current state of knowledge about the genetics of D. v. virgifera. In addition, the tools and resources currently available to Diabrotica geneticists are identified, as are areas where knowledge is lacking and research should be prioritized. 3 A substantial amount of information has been published concerning the molecular phylogenetic relationships of D. v. virgifera to other chrysomelids. 4 There is a growing literature focused on the population genetics and evolution of the species. Several adaptations to anthropogenic selection pressure have been studied, with resistance to synthetic insecticides providing some particularly well-characterized examples. 5 A notable deficiency is a lack of studies directed toward the formal genetics of D. v. virgifera
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Polymorphic microsatellite loci from the western corn rootworm (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and cross-amplification with other Diabrotica spp
Molecular ecology resources, 2008Co-Authors: Kyung Seok Kim, Thomas W. SappingtonAbstract:The northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi) and Mexican corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera zeae) are significant agricultural pests. For the northern corn rootworm, and to a lesser extent, the Mexican corn rootworm, high resolution molecular markers are needed. Here we present 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from libraries constructed using pooled northern and Mexican corn rootworm genomic DNA. Polymorphism in other Diabrotica, including the banded cucumber beetle, southern corn rootworm and western corn rootworm, is described.
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Polymorphic microsatellite loci from the western corn rootworm (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and cross-amplification with other Diabrotica spp
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2005Co-Authors: Kyung Seok Kim, Thomas W. SappingtonAbstract:Corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.) make up the major insect pest complex of corn in the US and Europe, and there is a need for molecular markers for genetics studies. We used an enrichment strategy to develop microsatellite markers from the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Of 54 loci isolated, 25 were polymorphic, and of these, 17 were surveyed for variability in 59 wild individuals. In addition, the potential for cross-amplification of these microsatellites was surveyed for Mexican, northern, and southern corn rootworms. Nine microsatellite loci showed Mendelian inheritance and are likely to be useful in population genetics studies
Kyung Seok Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Polymorphic microsatellite loci from the western corn rootworm (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and cross-amplification with other Diabrotica spp
Molecular ecology resources, 2008Co-Authors: Kyung Seok Kim, Thomas W. SappingtonAbstract:The northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi) and Mexican corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera zeae) are significant agricultural pests. For the northern corn rootworm, and to a lesser extent, the Mexican corn rootworm, high resolution molecular markers are needed. Here we present 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from libraries constructed using pooled northern and Mexican corn rootworm genomic DNA. Polymorphism in other Diabrotica, including the banded cucumber beetle, southern corn rootworm and western corn rootworm, is described.
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Polymorphic microsatellite loci from the western corn rootworm (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and cross-amplification with other Diabrotica spp
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2005Co-Authors: Kyung Seok Kim, Thomas W. SappingtonAbstract:Corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.) make up the major insect pest complex of corn in the US and Europe, and there is a need for molecular markers for genetics studies. We used an enrichment strategy to develop microsatellite markers from the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Of 54 loci isolated, 25 were polymorphic, and of these, 17 were surveyed for variability in 59 wild individuals. In addition, the potential for cross-amplification of these microsatellites was surveyed for Mexican, northern, and southern corn rootworms. Nine microsatellite loci showed Mendelian inheritance and are likely to be useful in population genetics studies
Ioana Grozea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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BEANS AND PUMPKIN AS ATTRACTIVE PLANTS FOR Diabrotica VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA LE CONTE ADULTS
Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2011Co-Authors: Ioana Grozea, A. Carabet, Raluca Trusca, Ramona Stef, Ana Maria Virteiu, L. Molnar, S. DamianovAbstract:Accidentally, in the last year (2010), during monitoring activities by reading of traps installed in maize fields, on other plants than maize were observed numerous individuals adults of Diabrotica virgifera v. Le Conte in a process of intense feeding on leaves and flowers. The researches carried out in western part of Romania, in a small plot of maize grown (in stage silk appeared) in combination with beans and pumpkin (this kind of plots are common). Special attention was drawn to the fact that although there is pheromone traps on maize plant the adult preferred beans leaves and flowers. The studies about the preferences of adult Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte on different type of host plants was observed in field condition, in cages of isolation. Following the results of these primary data we mention that is important to emphasize attractiveness of Diabrotica virgiferea virgifera Le Conte adults for other plants than maize plants. Is clearly evident the preference of adults for pumpkin (mean of 38.5 individuals/RI, RII, RIII, RIV), followed by maize (32.0 individuals/ RI, RII, RIII, RIV) and beans (29.5 individuals/ RI, RII, RIII, RIV). The number of adults feeding on the flowers, pollen or silk in isolation cage was assigned higher (54 adults/maize, 48 adults/pumpkin and 46 adults/bean) than number of adults feeding on the leaves (14 adults/beans, 12 adults/pumpkin and 6 adults/maize). Taking into consideration the sex ratio, the number of males and females varied from host plant to host plant. After our observations and information from literature regarding other species of genus Diabrotica, we conclude that adults of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte could turn to other crops than corn for feeding but also for egg laying. If is happened in natural conditions of beans crop or other potentially host plant then we have to take protection measures by introduction of appropriate crop rotation. Activities were carried out under financially support of the PN-II-ID-PCE- 2007-1/RO project.
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Natural enemies in control of invasive species Diabrotica virgifera Virgifera from maize crops.
Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Ioana Grozea, A. Carabet, Chirita R, Badea AmAbstract:The invasive Diabrotico virgifera virgifera Le Conte (western corn rootworm) species has become a very important pest of maize growing areas from Europe. Incidence of this pest in Europe and Romania attract the specialist's attention and European organisms regarding substantial changes which save the yield. Current trends in control regard the using natural enemies' because non-pollutants effects. In this way it follows protection of useful scale from agroecosystems and their exploitation in control of invasive population. It were take the soil and surface samples for establish the presence of control biological agents. The maximum appearance period of invasive species (July, August) is very important in establishing the analogy with appearance of predator's species. From natural enemies of Diabrotica virgifera can be notice follow species: Speira diademata, Argiope bruennichi, Theridion impressum (Arachnida: Araneae), Coccinella sp., Pseudophomus rufipes (Insecta: Coleoptera). The spider species Argiope bruennichi (Araneae: Araneidae) and Theridion impressum (Araneae: Theriidae) are able to diminish significantly population of adults, especially in appearance of maize silk. The aim of the theme we approach is to find solutions to the issues created by invasive species Diabrotica virgifera virgifera using an ecological alternative of the chemical methods, as an-polluting biological methods. In a period when easily apply to chemical substances we consider that is absolutely necessary the introduction of these biological methods.
John E. Foster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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field introgression of Diabrotica barberi and Diabrotica longicornis coleoptera chrysomelidae based on genetic and morphological characters
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2011Co-Authors: Laura A Campbell, Lance J Meinke, Pete Clark, Thomas L. Clark, John E. FosterAbstract:ABSTRACT Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence and Diabrotica longicornis (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are considered to be sister species, and it has been proposed that the two species may hybridize under field conditions. The objective of this study was to examine genetic and morphological characters of D. barberi and D. longicornis for evidence of field introgression. Both species were collected from sympatric and allopatric areas. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms and morphological characters (color and head capsule width) were used to examine variation within and among populations of D. barberi and D. longicornis. Relatively little of the overall genetic variation was explained by the putative species designation, and most of the genetic variation, both between and within species, was found within populations. In addition, genetic differences were not correlated with geographic location. Beetle color did differ significantly between putative species, with the darkest individuals occurring at...
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rna interference as a method for target site screening in the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Journal of Insect Science, 2010Co-Authors: Analiza P Alves, John E. Foster, Marce D Lorenzen, Richard W Beeman, Blair D. SiegfriedAbstract:To test the efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi) as a method for target-site screening in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae, genes were identified and tested for which clear RNAi phenotypes had been identified in the Coleopteran model, Tribolium castaneum. Here the cloning of the D. v. vergifera orthologs of laccase 2 (DvvLac2) and chitin synthase 2 (DvvCHS2) is reported. Injection of DvvLac2-specific double-stranded RNA resulted in prevention of post-molt cuticular tanning, while injection of DvvCHS2-specific dsRNA reduced chitin levels in midguts. Silencing of both DvvLac2 and DvvCHS2 was confirmed by RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR. As in T. castaneum, RNAi-mediated gene silencing is systemic in Diabrotica. The results indicate that RNAi-induced silencing of D. v. vergifera genes provides a powerful tool for identifying potential insecticide targets.
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Utility of Morphological and Molecular Techniques for Determination of Paternity in Two Subspecies of Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Journal of Entomological Science, 2007Co-Authors: Isaac O. Oyediran, Thomas L. Clark, Steve R. Skoda, E. A. Heinrichs, John E. FosterAbstract:An experiment was conducted to determine the paternity of F1 progeny using morphological and molecular methods in Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) subspecies: Diabrotica undecimpunctata howar...
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PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (subunit I) gene provides diagnostic markers for selected Diabrotica species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
Bulletin of entomological research, 2001Co-Authors: Thomas L. Clark, Lance J Meinke, John E. FosterAbstract:Adult and larval identification of Diabrotica can be difficult. Some adult identifications require considerable taxonomic experience while larvae of many Diabrotica species are morphologically indistinguishable. This study was conducted to determine whether 12 pest and non-pest Diabrotica species could be separated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A 1308 bp portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was amplified using PCR and digested using several restriction endonucleases. Double digests of COI amplicons with AluI and MspI resolved on polyacrylamide gels revealed several diagnostic inter- and intraspecific polymorphisms. A key to the 12 species was constructed using the PCR-RFLP patterns.
Aaron J. Gassmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Field History on Corn Root Injury and Adult Abundance of Northern and Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Mike W. Dunbar, Matthew E. O'neal, Aaron J. GassmannAbstract:Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, are major pests of corn ( Zea mays L.). Corn producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are widely used to manage Diabrotica spp.; however, Bt resistance by D. v. virgifera has led to high levels of feeding injury in the field. We tested whether field history affected root injury and abundance of adult Diabrotica spp. In 2013 and 2014, four types of cornfields were sampled: 1) recently rotated fields, 2) continuous cornfields, 3) fields with a history of injury to Bt corn (past problem fields), and 4) fields with greater than one node of injury to Bt corn at the time of sampling (current problem fields). Data were collected on field history, root injury, and the abundance of adult Diabrotica spp. from each field. Root injury and the abundance of D. v. virgifera were significantly greater in current problem fields compared to the other field types, while D. barberi were significantly more abundant in recently rotated fields. Root injury and the abundance of D. v. virgifera did not differ among recently rotated fields, continuous cornfields, and past problem fields. Analysis of field history showed that recently rotated fields were characterized by significantly less Bt corn, soil-applied insecticides, and years planted to corn continuously. These results suggest that greater cropping practice diversity can reduce management inputs for Diabrotica spp.; however, its effects on resistance evolution remain undetermined.
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Effect of Seed Blends and Soil-Insecticide on Western and Northern Corn Rootworm Emergence from mCry3A + eCry3.1Ab Bt Maize
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2015Co-Authors: Daniel L. Frank, Lance J Meinke, Ryan Kurtz, Daniel Moellenbeck, Larry W. Bledsoe, Aaron J. Gassmann, Nicholas A Tinsley, Christian H. Krupke, Michael E Gray, Ronald E EstesAbstract:ABSTRACT Seed blends containing various ratios of transgenic Bt maize (Zea mays L.) expressing the mCry3A + eCry3.1Ab proteins and non-Bt maize (near-isoline maize) were deployed alone and in combination with a soil applied pyrethroid insecticide (Force CS) to evaluate the emergence of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, in a total of nine field environments across the Midwestern United States in 2010 and 2011. Northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence emergence was also evaluated in four of these environments. Both western and northern corn rootworm beetle emergence from all Bt treatments was significantly reduced when compared with beetle emergence from near-isoline treatments. Averaged across all environments, western corn rootworm beetle emergence from 95:5, 90:10, and 80:20 seed blend ratios of mCry3A + eCry3.1Ab: near-isoline were 2.6-, 4.2-, and 6.7-fold greater than that from the 100:0 ratio treatment. Northern corn rootworm emergence from the same ...
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Effects of Rag1 on the Preference and Performance of Soybean Defoliators
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Robert F. Bruner, Erin W Hodgson, Aaron J. GassmannAbstract:ABSTRACT The Rag1 gene confers antibiotic resistance to soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and in 2010, varieties expressing Rag1 were released for commercial use in the United States. We do not know how Rag1 varieties will influence the broader community of defoliating insects that inhabit soybean fields. In 2010 and 2011, the preference and performance of pest insects that defoliate soybeans [Glycines max (L.) Merr] were tested using Rag1 and aphidsusceptible varieties. Three coleopterans and four lepidopterans were used: northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); bean leaf beetle, Ceratoma trifurcata Forster (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); soybean looper, Chrysodeix includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: ...
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Effect of Bt Maize and Soil Insecticides on Yield, Injury, and Rootworm Survival: Implications for Resistance Management
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Jennifer L. Petzold-maxwell, Lance J Meinke, Ronald E Estes, Michael E Gray, Aaron J. GassmannAbstract:ABSTRACT A 2-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the effects on Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of an insecticidal seed treatment (Poncho 1250, (AI) /clothianidin) and a granular insecticide (Aztec 2.1G, (AI)/tebupirimphos and cyfluthrin) alone and in combination with maize producing the insectidical toxin Cry3Bb1 derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Yields for Bt maize plots were significantly greater than for non-Bt maize; however, insecticides did not significantly affect yield. Insecticides significantly decreased root injury in non-Bt maize plots, but there were no significant differences in root injury between Bt maize with or without either insecticide. Maize producing the Bt toxin Cry3Bb1 and the soil-applied insecticide Aztec significantly decreased survival of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte), while only Bt maize significantly decreased survival of the northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence). For both sp...
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Interactions Among Bt Maize, Entomopathogens, and Rootworm Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Field: Effects on Survival, Yield and Root Injury
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Jennifer L. Petzold-maxwell, Mike W. Dunbar, Mark A Jackson, Eric H Clifton, Stefan T Jaronski, Aaron J. GassmannAbstract:ABSTRACT A 2 yr field study was conducted to determine how a blend of entomopathogens interacted with Bt maize to affect mortality of Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), root injury to maize (Zea maize L.) and yield. The blend of entomopathogens included two entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, and one entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. Bt maize (event DAS59122–7, which produces Bt toxin Cry34/35Ab1) decreased root injury and survival of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) but did not affect yield. During year 1 of the study, when rootworm abundance was high, entomopathogens in combination with Bt maize led to a significant reduction in root injury. In year 2 of the study, when rootworm abundance was lower, entomopathogens significantly decreased injury to non-Bt maize roots, but had no effect on Bt maize roo...
