The Experts below are selected from a list of 105 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Robert D. Mare - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Intergenerational effects of shifts in women's educational distribution in South Korea: Transmission, Differential Fertility, and assortative mating.
    Social science research, 2012
    Co-Authors: Bongoh Kye, Robert D. Mare
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study examines the intergenerational effects of changes in women’s education in South Korea. We define intergenerational effects as changes in the distribution of educational attainment in an offspring generation associated with the changes in a parental generation. Departing from the previous approach in research on social mobility that has focused on intergenerational association, we examine the changes in the distribution of educational attainment across generations. Using a simulation method based on Mare and Maralani’s recursive population renewal model, we examine how intergenerational transmission, assortative mating, and Differential Fertility influence intergenerational effects. The results point to the following conclusions. First, we find a positive intergenerational effect: improvement in women’s education leads to improvement in daughter’s education. Second, we find that the magnitude of intergenerational effects substantially depends on assortative marriage and Differential Fertility: assortative mating amplifies and Differential Fertility dampens the intergenerational effects. Third, intergenerational effects become bigger for the less educated and smaller for the better educated over time, which is a consequence of educational expansion. We compare our results with Mare and Maralani’s original Indonesian study to illustrate how the model of intergenerational effects works in different socioeconomic circumstances.

  • Differential Fertility, Intergenerational Educational Mobility, and Racial Inequality.
    Social Science Research, 1997
    Co-Authors: Robert D. Mare
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recent commentary has suggested that the relatively high Fertility of poorly educated women tends to dampen the average intellectual qualifications of the population. To evaluate this claim requires a model of population growth that takes account of Fertility differences among women with varying levels of educational attainment and patterns of intergenerational educational mobility. This article describes such a model and applies it to census, vital statistics, and survey data on Fertility, mortality, and intergenerational mobility data for African-American and white women in the United States from 1925 to 1995. Although Fertility rates are generally higher for women at the lower end of the educational distribution, this has had a negligible effect on the trend in average educational attainment. These Fertility differences are neither large enough nor consistent enough to lower educational attainment. More important, high rates of intergenerational educational mobility almost completely offset the effects of Differential Fertility. Although black women have historically had more children than white women, Fertility differences within and between the races have not had much effect impact on educational inequality between the races. Indeed, in the most recent period, only white women continue to exhibit a negative correlation between education and Fertility. Thus, if recent Fertility patterns persist, they will accelerate a convergence of educational attainment between blacks and whites.

Matthias Doepke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • public versus private education when Differential Fertility matters
    Journal of Development Economics, 2004
    Co-Authors: David De La Croix, Matthias Doepke
    Abstract:

    We assess the merits of different education systems in a framework that accounts for the joint decision problem of parents regarding Fertility and education. Specifically, we compare the implications of a public and a private schooling regime for economic growth and inequality. We find that private schooling leads to higher growth when there is little inequality in human capital endowments across families. In contrast, when inequality is high, public education yields higher growth by reducing Fertility Differentials. In addition, public schooling leads to income convergence, while private schooling can result in ever increasing inequality. Our analysis highlights the importance of accounting for endogenous Fertility Differentials when analyzing educational policies.

  • Inequality and Growth: Why Differential Fertility Matters
    American Economic Review, 2003
    Co-Authors: David De La Croix, Matthias Doepke
    Abstract:

    We argue that inequality and growth are linked through Differential Fertility and the accumulation of human capital. We build an overlapping-generations model in which dynasties differ in their initial endowment with human capital. Growth, the income-distribution, and Fertility are endogenous. Due to a quantiy-quality tradeoff, families with less human capital decide to have more children and invest less in education. When initial inequality is high, large Fertility Differentials lower the growth rate of average human capital, since poor families who invest little in education make up a large fraction of the population in the next generation. A calibrated model shows that this Fertility-Differential effect is quantitatively important. We also provide empirical evidence to confirm the links between inequality, Differential Fertility and growth suggested by the model.

  • Inequality and Growth: Why Differential Fertility Matters
    2001
    Co-Authors: David De La Croix, Matthias Doepke
    Abstract:

    We argue the inequality and growth are linked through Differential Fertility and the accumulation of human capital. We build an overlapping-generations model in which dynasties differ in their initial endowment with human capital. Growth, the income distribution, and Fertility are endogenous. Due to a quantity-quality tradeoff, families with less human capital decide to have more children and invest less in education. When initial inequality is high, large Fertility Differentials lower the growth rate of average human capital, since poor families who invest little in education make up a large fraction of the population in the next generation. A calibrated model shows that this Fertility-Differential effect is quantitatively important. We also provide empirical evidence to confirm the links between inequality, Differential Fertility and growth suggested by the model.

  • Inequality and Growth: Why Differential Fertility Matters
    SSRN Electronic Journal, 2001
    Co-Authors: Matthias Doepke, David De La Croix
    Abstract:

    We develop a new theoretical link between inequality and growth. In our model, Fertility and education decisions are interdependent. Poor parents decide to have many children and invest little in education. A mean-preserving spread in the income distribution increases the Fertility Differential between the rich and the poor, which implies thatmore weight gets placed on families who provide little education. Consequently, an increase in inequality lowers average education and, therefore, growth. We find that this Fertility-Differential effect accounts for most of the empirical relationship between inequality and growth.

Jie Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Jeremy Freese - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Differential Fertility makes society more conservative on family values.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tom Vogl, Jeremy Freese
    Abstract:

    Data from the General Social Survey indicate that higher-Fertility individuals and their children are more conservative on "family values" issues, especially regarding abortion and same-sex marriage. This pattern implies that Differential Fertility has increased and will continue to increase public support for conservative policies on these issues. The association of family size with conservatism is specific to traditional-family issues and can be attributed in large part to the greater religiosity and lower educational attainment of individuals from larger families. Over the 2004 to 2018 period, opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion was 3 to 4 percentage points more prevalent than it would have been were traditional-family conservatism independent of family size in the current generation. For same-sex marriage, evolutionary forces have grown in relative importance as society as a whole has liberalized. As of 2018, Differential Fertility raised the number of US adults opposed to same-sex marriage by 17%, from 46.9 million to 54.8 million.

  • Differential Fertility as a Determinant of Trends in Public Opinion about Abortion in the United States (WP-14-11)
    SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014
    Co-Authors: J. Alex Kevern, Jeremy Freese
    Abstract:

    Differential Fertility is frequently overlooked as a meaningful force in longitudinal public opinion change. We examine the effect of Fertility on abortion attitudes, a useful case study due to their strong correlation with family size and high parent-child correlation. We test the hypothesis that the comparatively high Fertility of pro-life individuals has led to a more pro-life population using 34 years of GSS data (1977-2010). We find evidence that the abortion attitudes have lagged behind a liberalizing trend of other correlated attitudes, and consistent evidence that Differential Fertility between pro-life and pro-choice individuals has had a significant effect on this pattern. Future studies should account for Differential Fertility as a meaningful force of cohort replacement in studies of public opinion where parents and children are likely to share the same attitude.

David De La Croix - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • public versus private education when Differential Fertility matters
    Journal of Development Economics, 2004
    Co-Authors: David De La Croix, Matthias Doepke
    Abstract:

    We assess the merits of different education systems in a framework that accounts for the joint decision problem of parents regarding Fertility and education. Specifically, we compare the implications of a public and a private schooling regime for economic growth and inequality. We find that private schooling leads to higher growth when there is little inequality in human capital endowments across families. In contrast, when inequality is high, public education yields higher growth by reducing Fertility Differentials. In addition, public schooling leads to income convergence, while private schooling can result in ever increasing inequality. Our analysis highlights the importance of accounting for endogenous Fertility Differentials when analyzing educational policies.

  • Inequality and Growth: Why Differential Fertility Matters
    American Economic Review, 2003
    Co-Authors: David De La Croix, Matthias Doepke
    Abstract:

    We argue that inequality and growth are linked through Differential Fertility and the accumulation of human capital. We build an overlapping-generations model in which dynasties differ in their initial endowment with human capital. Growth, the income-distribution, and Fertility are endogenous. Due to a quantiy-quality tradeoff, families with less human capital decide to have more children and invest less in education. When initial inequality is high, large Fertility Differentials lower the growth rate of average human capital, since poor families who invest little in education make up a large fraction of the population in the next generation. A calibrated model shows that this Fertility-Differential effect is quantitatively important. We also provide empirical evidence to confirm the links between inequality, Differential Fertility and growth suggested by the model.

  • Inequality and Growth: Why Differential Fertility Matters
    2001
    Co-Authors: David De La Croix, Matthias Doepke
    Abstract:

    We argue the inequality and growth are linked through Differential Fertility and the accumulation of human capital. We build an overlapping-generations model in which dynasties differ in their initial endowment with human capital. Growth, the income distribution, and Fertility are endogenous. Due to a quantity-quality tradeoff, families with less human capital decide to have more children and invest less in education. When initial inequality is high, large Fertility Differentials lower the growth rate of average human capital, since poor families who invest little in education make up a large fraction of the population in the next generation. A calibrated model shows that this Fertility-Differential effect is quantitatively important. We also provide empirical evidence to confirm the links between inequality, Differential Fertility and growth suggested by the model.

  • Inequality and Growth: Why Differential Fertility Matters
    SSRN Electronic Journal, 2001
    Co-Authors: Matthias Doepke, David De La Croix
    Abstract:

    We develop a new theoretical link between inequality and growth. In our model, Fertility and education decisions are interdependent. Poor parents decide to have many children and invest little in education. A mean-preserving spread in the income distribution increases the Fertility Differential between the rich and the poor, which implies thatmore weight gets placed on families who provide little education. Consequently, an increase in inequality lowers average education and, therefore, growth. We find that this Fertility-Differential effect accounts for most of the empirical relationship between inequality and growth.