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Rainer Horn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of soil dispersion caused by anaerobic Digestates: interferences of pH and soil charge with regard to soil texture and water content
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015Co-Authors: Amrei Voelkner, Doerthe Holthusen, Rainer HornAbstract:Purpose As a by-product of biogas production, liquid Digestate is used as an organic fertilizer on agricultural fields. The Digestates that contain, amongst others, monovalent cations which transferred to the soil matrix can have negative impacts since they increase the risk of weakening an intact soil structure, resulting in a lasting damage of soil functions. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the effect of anaerobic Digestates (AD) on the soil stability derived from particle-particle interactions. Materials and methods The content of readily dispersible clay (RDC) is a parameter to quantify the vulnerability of a soil structure to disrupt and may be used to assess the potential risk of crusting and erosion by impact of raindrops and mechanical forces. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the influence of 30 m^3 ha^−1 of ADs on clay dispersion of structured samples of a loamy Cambic Luvisol and a sandy Podzol from parental material. After the application of Digestates on the surface of four samples (1841 cm^3) and an infiltration time of 10 days, the samples were subdivided into five depths to determine the pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the amount of RDC as a function of depth. Results and discussion The results showed both dispersing and aggregating effects on both soils after Digestate application in dependence of pH and CEC. Especially, Digestates containing high amounts of sodium contributed to the dispersion of soil particles. Nevertheless, the soil texture appeared to be the most sensitive factor determining the propensity to disperse, since the clay-rich Cambic Luvisol showed a 30-fold higher amount of RDC compared to the sandy Podzol. Both soils showed a lower content of RDC after drying compared to moist soil. The rising amount of RDC as a result of Digestate amendment may be due to the supply of monovalent salts and an increase of pH. Both mechanisms influenced the clay particle charge according to the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. With a more negative matric potential, the menisci between soil particles strengthened the linkages between soil particles and stabilized the soil. Conclusions The soil with a higher amount of clay showed a higher vulnerability toward dispersibility which was reflected by the higher amount of RDC compared to the sandy soil. Thus, clay-dominated soils exhibit a higher risk to silt up, especially in a moist state. The consequence is a reduced infiltration and surface runoff. Such erosive processes can depress seed germination and crop production in the long term.
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determination of soil dispersion caused by anaerobic Digestates interferences of ph and soil charge with regard to soil texture and water content
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015Co-Authors: Amrei Voelkner, Doerthe Holthusen, Rainer HornAbstract:Purpose As a by-product of biogas production, liquid Digestate is used as an organic fertilizer on agricultural fields. The Digestates that contain, amongst others, monovalent cations which transferred to the soil matrix can have negative impacts since they increase the risk of weakening an intact soil structure, resulting in a lasting damage of soil functions. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the effect of anaerobic Digestates (AD) on the soil stability derived from particle-particle interactions.
Amrei Voelkner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of soil dispersion caused by anaerobic Digestates: interferences of pH and soil charge with regard to soil texture and water content
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015Co-Authors: Amrei Voelkner, Doerthe Holthusen, Rainer HornAbstract:Purpose As a by-product of biogas production, liquid Digestate is used as an organic fertilizer on agricultural fields. The Digestates that contain, amongst others, monovalent cations which transferred to the soil matrix can have negative impacts since they increase the risk of weakening an intact soil structure, resulting in a lasting damage of soil functions. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the effect of anaerobic Digestates (AD) on the soil stability derived from particle-particle interactions. Materials and methods The content of readily dispersible clay (RDC) is a parameter to quantify the vulnerability of a soil structure to disrupt and may be used to assess the potential risk of crusting and erosion by impact of raindrops and mechanical forces. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the influence of 30 m^3 ha^−1 of ADs on clay dispersion of structured samples of a loamy Cambic Luvisol and a sandy Podzol from parental material. After the application of Digestates on the surface of four samples (1841 cm^3) and an infiltration time of 10 days, the samples were subdivided into five depths to determine the pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the amount of RDC as a function of depth. Results and discussion The results showed both dispersing and aggregating effects on both soils after Digestate application in dependence of pH and CEC. Especially, Digestates containing high amounts of sodium contributed to the dispersion of soil particles. Nevertheless, the soil texture appeared to be the most sensitive factor determining the propensity to disperse, since the clay-rich Cambic Luvisol showed a 30-fold higher amount of RDC compared to the sandy Podzol. Both soils showed a lower content of RDC after drying compared to moist soil. The rising amount of RDC as a result of Digestate amendment may be due to the supply of monovalent salts and an increase of pH. Both mechanisms influenced the clay particle charge according to the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. With a more negative matric potential, the menisci between soil particles strengthened the linkages between soil particles and stabilized the soil. Conclusions The soil with a higher amount of clay showed a higher vulnerability toward dispersibility which was reflected by the higher amount of RDC compared to the sandy soil. Thus, clay-dominated soils exhibit a higher risk to silt up, especially in a moist state. The consequence is a reduced infiltration and surface runoff. Such erosive processes can depress seed germination and crop production in the long term.
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determination of soil dispersion caused by anaerobic Digestates interferences of ph and soil charge with regard to soil texture and water content
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015Co-Authors: Amrei Voelkner, Doerthe Holthusen, Rainer HornAbstract:Purpose As a by-product of biogas production, liquid Digestate is used as an organic fertilizer on agricultural fields. The Digestates that contain, amongst others, monovalent cations which transferred to the soil matrix can have negative impacts since they increase the risk of weakening an intact soil structure, resulting in a lasting damage of soil functions. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the effect of anaerobic Digestates (AD) on the soil stability derived from particle-particle interactions.
Julie Jimenez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of biogas Digestate typology on nutrient recovery for plant growth: Accessibility indicators for first fertilization prediction
Waste Management, 2020Co-Authors: Julie Jimenez, Dominique Patureau, Marco Grigatti, Elisa Boanini, Nicolas BernetAbstract:In recent years, anaerobic digestion of organic waste (OW) is rapidly appearing as a winning waste management strategy by producing energy and anaerobic Digestates that can be used as fertilizers in agricultural soils. In this context, the management of the OW treatment process to maximize agro-system sustainability satisfying the crop nutrient demands represents the main goal. To investigate these traits, two protocols to assess the plant availability of Digestate nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were evaluated. With this aim, the N and P availability was determined on 8 Digestates and 2 types of Digestate-based compost from different OW via sequential chemical extractions (SCE). In addition, the Digestates were tested in soil incubations and in plant pot tests with Italian ryegrass and compared with chemical fertilizer and a non-amended control soil. The N extracted from Digestates via SCE was related to soil N mineralization and plant N recovery. The C: N ratio had negative impact on mineralized N and its recovery in shoots (ShootsN = −0.0085.(C/N)+0.172, r2 = 0.67), whereas water extractable mineral N was positevely related to the root N apparent recovery fraction (N-ARF) with (RootsN = 5E−5.Nsolublemin+0.0138, r2 = 0.53). The shoot P-ARF was positively correlated with the inorganic water extractable fraction of P (ShootsP =0.1153.H2O-Pi−0.2777.H2O-Po+0.0249, r2 = 0.71) whereas the root P-ARF was positively correlated with the less accessible fractions (RootsP = (b) 0.0955.NaHCO3-Po+0.0955.NaOH-Po-0.0584NaHCO3-Pi+0.0128, r2 = 0.8641). Feedstock Digestate typology impacted the N and P recovery results leading to a better description of the typology properties and a first nutrients ARF prediction.
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Humic-like substances extracted from different Digestates: First trials of lettuce biostimulation in hydroponic culture
Waste Management, 2020Co-Authors: F. Guilayn, M. Rouez, M. Crest, M. Benbrahim, Dominique Patureau, Julie JimenezAbstract:Digestate valorization is a key challenge for the feasibility of Anaerobic Digestion plants. In this study, humic-like substances (HLS) extracted from two Digestates (sewage sludge and manure) were used for the biostimulation of hydroponic cultures of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) at different doses and compared to a commercial reference of leonardite HLS. Aerial biomass increase averages ranged from 7 to 30 %, but the results presented a high coefficient of variation (around 20 %). The commercial reference did not present statistically significant biomass yield improvement. The application of manure Digestate extract at the higher fulvic-like acids dose (4.6 mg/L of dissolved organic carbon) presented the best and most significant results compared to the blank (Hoagland's solution only). However, this result cannot be strictly dissociated from the supplementary amounts of nutrients brought by the extracts. Additionally, all the products presented low heavy metal content compared to the recent EU regulation for biostimulants (2019/1009). This preliminary study confirmed the interest of extracting HLS from two Digestates for application as biostimulants, shedding light on a new perspective for Digestate valorization.
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Digestate mechanical separation: Efficiency profiles based on anaerobic digestion feedstock and equipment choice
Bioresource Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Felipe Guilayn, Julie Jimenez, Maxime Rouez, Marion Crest, Dominique PatureauAbstract:Digestate mechanical separation is present in numerous anaerobic digestion plants. In this study, data from literature and from unpublished analysis were gathered to evaluate Digestate separation efficiency for different mechanical separators. For the first time, efficiency indicators allowed the definition of two mass distribution profiles. The low-performance profile was characterized by each component being mainly destined to the liquid fraction, excluding P, Mg and Ca in a few cases. Screw presses represented 68% of these separators and 78% of Digestates came from mainly fibrous inputs such as cow manure and silage. In the high-performance profile, Digestate compounds were effectively concentrated in the solid fraction, except nitrogen. The great majority of separators were decanting centrifuges, and the anaerobic digestion inputs were principally non-fibrous such as pig slurry, sludge and agro-industrial waste. This study represents a source for benchmarking Digestate separation and opens a possibility to forecast more realistically Digestate separation performance.
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First fertilizing-value typology of Digestates: A decision-making tool for regulation
Waste Management, 2019Co-Authors: Felipe Guilayn, M. Rouez, M. Crest, Julie Jimenez, J. L. Martel, Dominique SteyerAbstract:Defined as the residue from anaerobic digestion (AD), Digestate refers to a set of materials with varied biochemical compositions. The objective of this study was to establish a Digestate typology according to its fertilizing-value with data from literature and internal unpublished databases. To establish a relatively big database allowing the application of advanced statistics, usual fertilizing-value parameters were used: dry matter, volatile solids, C/N, C/Organic-N, total N (TN), total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), TAN/TN, total P and total K. Statistical analysis was performed on a dataset of 91 raw Digestates, 34 solid fractions and 25 liquid fractions after separation. The resulting typology outlined that fertilizing-values are linked to AD feedstock and process. As case study regulations, no Digestate (without any post-treatment) fulfilled French standards and the latest European Union regulation proposal on fertilizers. Options to reach regulations' product categories were discussed according to the typology. For the first time, a Digestate typology was established based on fertilizing value, which can be a useful tool enhancing Digestate management and policy making.
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Recovery of humic-like substances from urban Digestates
2018Co-Authors: Felipe Guilayn, Julie Jimenez, Maxime Rouez, Marion Crest, Paulo Mateus Carrenho, Dominique PatureauAbstract:In France, Digestates from anaerobic digestion plants have to pass through homologation process or reach certain specific standards to be commercialized. In this study, valorisation processes regarding the production of added-value products from urban Digestates are being explored. Humic Acids (HA) extracted from upcycled organic products such as composts have been demonstrated to improve soil fertility [1] and industrial applications have been proven more recently [2]. However, very few studies addressed HA-recovery from Digestates [3]. Preliminary tests presented in this study were carried out in order to assess the feasibility of recovering HA from such urban Digestates. The samples were a Food Waste/Cardboard Digestate (FW/CB-D) from a pilot reactor and an Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste Digestate (OFMSW-D) from a full-scale plant. HA-extraction was tested on raw Digestates and on its solid fractions after laboratory centrifugation. A practical approach for HA extraction was performed, adapted from [4]: NaOH 0.1 M was added until pH 12 was reached. The solution was stirred for 24h. After the alkaline extraction was performed, the Digestate was centrifuged. The supernatant was filtered at 0.45 μm and acidified at different pH (1, 2, 3, 5 and 7). This solution was centrifuged to isolate the insoluble fraction containing HA. The recovered HA were redissolved for Fluorescence 3D analysis. Another acidification at pH 3 was performed where the precipitate was washed several times with distilled water and freeze-dried for Mid-Infrared analysis and calculation of recovering yields. Recovered HA were compared to HA isolated from a leonardite commercial solution and to references from the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS). Freeze-dried HA yields were low: from 3 to 4% (volatile solids:volatile solids) and 1 to 2%, for raw mass of FW/CB-D and OFMSW-D respectively. HA extracted from FW/CBD were observed to be similar to a river sediment reference from the International Humic Substances Society. The HA from OFMSW was closer to the HA isolated from the leonardite solution, but it presented more proteins in the 3D fluorescence spectra. When HAs were extracted from the solid fraction of Digestates, HA extraction yields and spectra were almost unchanged. The pH for acidification played an important role in HA isolation. pH 1, 2 and 3 were observed to perform similarly (quality and quantity) but pH 5 and 7 resulted in less extraction of HA and poorer quality. Industrial feasibility of HA-like extraction from Digestate would rely on extraction yields, product quality and residual matter management options. Experiments will be carried out in order to further evaluate the quality of the products regarding biodegradability and impact on root growth
Doerthe Holthusen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of soil dispersion caused by anaerobic Digestates: interferences of pH and soil charge with regard to soil texture and water content
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015Co-Authors: Amrei Voelkner, Doerthe Holthusen, Rainer HornAbstract:Purpose As a by-product of biogas production, liquid Digestate is used as an organic fertilizer on agricultural fields. The Digestates that contain, amongst others, monovalent cations which transferred to the soil matrix can have negative impacts since they increase the risk of weakening an intact soil structure, resulting in a lasting damage of soil functions. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the effect of anaerobic Digestates (AD) on the soil stability derived from particle-particle interactions. Materials and methods The content of readily dispersible clay (RDC) is a parameter to quantify the vulnerability of a soil structure to disrupt and may be used to assess the potential risk of crusting and erosion by impact of raindrops and mechanical forces. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the influence of 30 m^3 ha^−1 of ADs on clay dispersion of structured samples of a loamy Cambic Luvisol and a sandy Podzol from parental material. After the application of Digestates on the surface of four samples (1841 cm^3) and an infiltration time of 10 days, the samples were subdivided into five depths to determine the pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the amount of RDC as a function of depth. Results and discussion The results showed both dispersing and aggregating effects on both soils after Digestate application in dependence of pH and CEC. Especially, Digestates containing high amounts of sodium contributed to the dispersion of soil particles. Nevertheless, the soil texture appeared to be the most sensitive factor determining the propensity to disperse, since the clay-rich Cambic Luvisol showed a 30-fold higher amount of RDC compared to the sandy Podzol. Both soils showed a lower content of RDC after drying compared to moist soil. The rising amount of RDC as a result of Digestate amendment may be due to the supply of monovalent salts and an increase of pH. Both mechanisms influenced the clay particle charge according to the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. With a more negative matric potential, the menisci between soil particles strengthened the linkages between soil particles and stabilized the soil. Conclusions The soil with a higher amount of clay showed a higher vulnerability toward dispersibility which was reflected by the higher amount of RDC compared to the sandy soil. Thus, clay-dominated soils exhibit a higher risk to silt up, especially in a moist state. The consequence is a reduced infiltration and surface runoff. Such erosive processes can depress seed germination and crop production in the long term.
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determination of soil dispersion caused by anaerobic Digestates interferences of ph and soil charge with regard to soil texture and water content
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015Co-Authors: Amrei Voelkner, Doerthe Holthusen, Rainer HornAbstract:Purpose As a by-product of biogas production, liquid Digestate is used as an organic fertilizer on agricultural fields. The Digestates that contain, amongst others, monovalent cations which transferred to the soil matrix can have negative impacts since they increase the risk of weakening an intact soil structure, resulting in a lasting damage of soil functions. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the effect of anaerobic Digestates (AD) on the soil stability derived from particle-particle interactions.
Dominique Patureau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of biogas Digestate typology on nutrient recovery for plant growth: Accessibility indicators for first fertilization prediction
Waste Management, 2020Co-Authors: Julie Jimenez, Dominique Patureau, Marco Grigatti, Elisa Boanini, Nicolas BernetAbstract:In recent years, anaerobic digestion of organic waste (OW) is rapidly appearing as a winning waste management strategy by producing energy and anaerobic Digestates that can be used as fertilizers in agricultural soils. In this context, the management of the OW treatment process to maximize agro-system sustainability satisfying the crop nutrient demands represents the main goal. To investigate these traits, two protocols to assess the plant availability of Digestate nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were evaluated. With this aim, the N and P availability was determined on 8 Digestates and 2 types of Digestate-based compost from different OW via sequential chemical extractions (SCE). In addition, the Digestates were tested in soil incubations and in plant pot tests with Italian ryegrass and compared with chemical fertilizer and a non-amended control soil. The N extracted from Digestates via SCE was related to soil N mineralization and plant N recovery. The C: N ratio had negative impact on mineralized N and its recovery in shoots (ShootsN = −0.0085.(C/N)+0.172, r2 = 0.67), whereas water extractable mineral N was positevely related to the root N apparent recovery fraction (N-ARF) with (RootsN = 5E−5.Nsolublemin+0.0138, r2 = 0.53). The shoot P-ARF was positively correlated with the inorganic water extractable fraction of P (ShootsP =0.1153.H2O-Pi−0.2777.H2O-Po+0.0249, r2 = 0.71) whereas the root P-ARF was positively correlated with the less accessible fractions (RootsP = (b) 0.0955.NaHCO3-Po+0.0955.NaOH-Po-0.0584NaHCO3-Pi+0.0128, r2 = 0.8641). Feedstock Digestate typology impacted the N and P recovery results leading to a better description of the typology properties and a first nutrients ARF prediction.
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Humic-like substances extracted from different Digestates: First trials of lettuce biostimulation in hydroponic culture
Waste Management, 2020Co-Authors: F. Guilayn, M. Rouez, M. Crest, M. Benbrahim, Dominique Patureau, Julie JimenezAbstract:Digestate valorization is a key challenge for the feasibility of Anaerobic Digestion plants. In this study, humic-like substances (HLS) extracted from two Digestates (sewage sludge and manure) were used for the biostimulation of hydroponic cultures of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) at different doses and compared to a commercial reference of leonardite HLS. Aerial biomass increase averages ranged from 7 to 30 %, but the results presented a high coefficient of variation (around 20 %). The commercial reference did not present statistically significant biomass yield improvement. The application of manure Digestate extract at the higher fulvic-like acids dose (4.6 mg/L of dissolved organic carbon) presented the best and most significant results compared to the blank (Hoagland's solution only). However, this result cannot be strictly dissociated from the supplementary amounts of nutrients brought by the extracts. Additionally, all the products presented low heavy metal content compared to the recent EU regulation for biostimulants (2019/1009). This preliminary study confirmed the interest of extracting HLS from two Digestates for application as biostimulants, shedding light on a new perspective for Digestate valorization.
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Digestate mechanical separation: Efficiency profiles based on anaerobic digestion feedstock and equipment choice
Bioresource Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Felipe Guilayn, Julie Jimenez, Maxime Rouez, Marion Crest, Dominique PatureauAbstract:Digestate mechanical separation is present in numerous anaerobic digestion plants. In this study, data from literature and from unpublished analysis were gathered to evaluate Digestate separation efficiency for different mechanical separators. For the first time, efficiency indicators allowed the definition of two mass distribution profiles. The low-performance profile was characterized by each component being mainly destined to the liquid fraction, excluding P, Mg and Ca in a few cases. Screw presses represented 68% of these separators and 78% of Digestates came from mainly fibrous inputs such as cow manure and silage. In the high-performance profile, Digestate compounds were effectively concentrated in the solid fraction, except nitrogen. The great majority of separators were decanting centrifuges, and the anaerobic digestion inputs were principally non-fibrous such as pig slurry, sludge and agro-industrial waste. This study represents a source for benchmarking Digestate separation and opens a possibility to forecast more realistically Digestate separation performance.
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Recovery of humic-like substances from urban Digestates
2018Co-Authors: Felipe Guilayn, Julie Jimenez, Maxime Rouez, Marion Crest, Paulo Mateus Carrenho, Dominique PatureauAbstract:In France, Digestates from anaerobic digestion plants have to pass through homologation process or reach certain specific standards to be commercialized. In this study, valorisation processes regarding the production of added-value products from urban Digestates are being explored. Humic Acids (HA) extracted from upcycled organic products such as composts have been demonstrated to improve soil fertility [1] and industrial applications have been proven more recently [2]. However, very few studies addressed HA-recovery from Digestates [3]. Preliminary tests presented in this study were carried out in order to assess the feasibility of recovering HA from such urban Digestates. The samples were a Food Waste/Cardboard Digestate (FW/CB-D) from a pilot reactor and an Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste Digestate (OFMSW-D) from a full-scale plant. HA-extraction was tested on raw Digestates and on its solid fractions after laboratory centrifugation. A practical approach for HA extraction was performed, adapted from [4]: NaOH 0.1 M was added until pH 12 was reached. The solution was stirred for 24h. After the alkaline extraction was performed, the Digestate was centrifuged. The supernatant was filtered at 0.45 μm and acidified at different pH (1, 2, 3, 5 and 7). This solution was centrifuged to isolate the insoluble fraction containing HA. The recovered HA were redissolved for Fluorescence 3D analysis. Another acidification at pH 3 was performed where the precipitate was washed several times with distilled water and freeze-dried for Mid-Infrared analysis and calculation of recovering yields. Recovered HA were compared to HA isolated from a leonardite commercial solution and to references from the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS). Freeze-dried HA yields were low: from 3 to 4% (volatile solids:volatile solids) and 1 to 2%, for raw mass of FW/CB-D and OFMSW-D respectively. HA extracted from FW/CBD were observed to be similar to a river sediment reference from the International Humic Substances Society. The HA from OFMSW was closer to the HA isolated from the leonardite solution, but it presented more proteins in the 3D fluorescence spectra. When HAs were extracted from the solid fraction of Digestates, HA extraction yields and spectra were almost unchanged. The pH for acidification played an important role in HA isolation. pH 1, 2 and 3 were observed to perform similarly (quality and quantity) but pH 5 and 7 resulted in less extraction of HA and poorer quality. Industrial feasibility of HA-like extraction from Digestate would rely on extraction yields, product quality and residual matter management options. Experiments will be carried out in order to further evaluate the quality of the products regarding biodegradability and impact on root growth