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Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biofloc technology (BFT): Adjusting the levels of Digestible Protein and Digestible energy in diets of Nile tilapia juveniles raised in brackish water
Aquaculture and Fisheries, 2020Co-Authors: Emerson Giuliani Durigon, Rafael Lazzari, Juliano Uczay, Diogo L.a. Lopes, Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo, Tayna Sgnaulin, Maurício Gustavo Coelho EmerencianoAbstract:Abstract Several studies have been performed adjusting the levels of dietary Digestible Protein and Digestible energy for tilapia, but none of them was performed in biofloc technology (BFT) system, especially in brackish (10) water. In this sense, three levels of Digestible Protein (22, 26 and 30% DP) and three levels of Digestible energy (3000, 3150 and 3300 kcal DE / kg) were evaluated on growth performance, body composition, hematological parameters and planktonic community in juveniles of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) raised under BFT conditions. A total of 540 tilapia fingerlings (GIFT strain with 1.25 ± 0.15 g initial weight) were reared during 42 days in thirty-six plastic tanks (75 L), fed three times a day. No interaction was detected in the parameters evaluated. The fish fed with feed containing 26% and 30% of DP obtained higher final weight, specific growth rate and condition factor as compared to those fed with 22% of DP (P
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Nutrition of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) in biofloc technology system: Optimization of Digestible Protein and Digestible energy levels during nursery phase
Aquaculture, 2020Co-Authors: Tayna Sgnaulin, Emerson Giuliani Durigon, Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo, Sara Mello Pinho, Diogo Luiz De Alcantara Lopes, Maurício Gustavo Coelho EmerencianoAbstract:Abstract The objective of the present work was to investigate different dietary Digestible Protein (22%, 26% and 30% of DP) and Digestible energy (3000, 3150 and 3300 kcal DE kg−1) levels on growth performance and hematological parameters of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) fingerlings (0.99 ± 0.1 g of mean initial weight) over 42 days. In addition, proximate analysis of carcass and biofloc biomass, as well as planktonic community characterization were performed. A factorial design (Digestible Protein and Digestible energy as factors) was applied totaling nine treatments with four replicates each. The FCR (~1.17) and survival (>98%) were similar between all treatments (P > .05). When assessing the final weight of the fish, in terms of weight gain and specific growth rate, the 22% and 26% DP treatments were not affected by the energy level (P > .05); however, the 30% DP level were affected by energy levels (P .05). Standard length presented an interaction effect (P
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Digestive enzymes and parasitology of Nile tilapia juveniles raised in brackish biofloc water and fed with different Digestible Protein and Digestible energy levels
Aquaculture, 2019Co-Authors: Emerson Giuliani Durigon, Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo, Ana Paula Gottlieb Almeida, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Maurício Gustavo Coelho EmerencianoAbstract:Abstract Biofloc technology (BFT) system is increasing around the world and Nile tilapia is suggested as the major fish species for such technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate diets with different levels of Digestible Protein (22, 26 and 30% DP) and Digestible energy (3000, 3150 and 3300 kcal kg−1) for Nile tilapia juveniles raised in brackish biofloc system water (10 ppt) and its effects on the activity of digestive enzymes and the presence of ectoparasites in the gills. Tilapia juveniles (1.25 ± 0.15 g of initial weight) were stocked in thirty-two experimental units (100 L tanks) with 15 fish per tank. After 42 days fish were harvested, sampled and analyzed. The pepsine (stomach) and trypsine (intestine) activities significantly increased according to the increase of dietary levels. For both cases the higher activity was observed in 30% DP treatment (P
Steven D. Rawles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of grain distillers dried yeast as a fish meal substitute in practical type diets of juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Aquaculture, 2014Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Frederic T. Barrows, Gibson T Gaylord, Blake S Hauptman, Stephanie S Block, J A Paterson, Wendy M. SealeyAbstract:Abstract Grain distillers dried yeast (GDDY) is a single-cell Protein obtained as a co-product during the production of fuel ethanol that may have potential as a Protein replacement for rainbow trout. The goal of this study was to examine the suitability of GDDY as a replacement for fish meal on a Digestible Protein basis in rainbow trout diets. An in-vivo digestibility study was performed to determine the nutrient availability of GDDY. Subsequently, a control diet containing 42% Digestible Protein and 20% lipid was formulated to replace fish meal Protein with GDDY Protein at eight different levels (0, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, and 100%). Diets were fed to juvenile rainbow trout stocked into four replicate tanks per dietary treatment (30 fish/tank) and fed twice daily for nine weeks. High GDDY inclusion rates significantly altered rainbow trout growth and feed conversion but not feed intake. There were no significant differences in production performance in fish fed the 25% GDDY and 37.5% GDDY diets when compared to fish fed the control diet, but further dietary fish meal replacement generally decreased fish performance. Further research is warranted to determine why fish performance decreased with higher inclusion levels of GDDY in spite of similar feed intake among levels.
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Response of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) to Digestible Protein/ dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the Southern United States
Aquaculture, 2012Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Bartholomew W. Green, T. Gibson Gaylord, Frederic T. Barrows, Matthew E. Mcentire, Donald W. FreemanAbstract:article i nfo Temperatureandammonia levels oftenincreasedramatically in pondsduringsummer production of sunshine bass and summer temperatures are projected to increase in the Southern US. Extended periods of high ammonia result in fish stress, disease, mortality and significant loss of feeding days as producers attempt to reduce ammonia to manageable levels through reduced feeding or lower Protein diets. A factorial feeding trial was conducted in tem- perature controlled tanks to investigate main and interactive effects of three Digestible Protein (DP) levels (33, 40, 47%), two lipid levels (10, 18%) and two ration levels (full fed: satiation, restricted: 80% of satiation) on growth, body composition, nutrient and amino acid retention, and ammonia and phosphorus excretion in sunshine bass (mean weight:75 g) reared at elevated temperature (30.5±0.5 °C) . Diets were balanced on an available amino acid basis to the profile of hybrid striped bass muscle and supplemented with lysine and methionine at the equiv- alent of 330, 400, or 470 g/ kg of muscle Protein. Each DPx lipid x ration treatment was fed to triplicate tanks of fish for 116 days. All measured responses were significantly altered by main and interactive effects, but the patterns of interaction were similar among responses. Restricted feeding resulted in much lower final weights and weight gains but much higher ammonia excretion as a function of feed or N fed and body weight (BW), regardless of DP level. Lower dietary fat (10%) resulted in lower weight gains and poorer feed conversions as well as higher am- monia excretion (per g N fed/kg BW) regardless of DP or ration level. Weight gain (475%) and final fish weight (434 g) were highest at 47% DP/18% dietary lipid, but feed conversion, Protein, energy and amino acid retention efficiencies were markedly poorer in the 47% DP diets regardless of lipid level due to hyperphagia in fish fed this diet. The 40/18 diet consistently outperformed the 33/18 diet in better growth and lower ammonia excretion as a function of N fed/ BW, and nearly equaled the growth attained by fish fed 47/18 diet. Increasing ration to satiation at elevated temperature resulted in much greater improvements in weight gain, final weight and ammonia excre- tion of fish fed the 40/18 diet, as opposed to those fed the 33/18 diet. Amino acid retentions were nearly equal be- tween the 33/18 and 40/18 diets and restricting feed to 80% of satiation slightly improved feed conversions and Protein and amino acid retentions. Consistent lipid x DP interactions generally indicated that the differences among responses to DP level seen at 18% dietary lipid significantly decreased or disappeared at 10% dietary lipid. Phosphorus excretion was low and not significantly altered by main effects. Results suggest that a producer desir- ing to reduce pond ammoniawith the least compromise to production efficiency would be better served by feeding a 40% DP/ 18% lipid diet at a reduced level instead of switching to a lower Protein diet. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Response of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) to Digestible Protein/dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the Southern United States
2012Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Bartholomew W. Green, T. Gibson Gaylord, Frederic T. Barrows, Matthew E. Mcentire, Donald W. FreemanAbstract:Temperature andammonia levels often increase dramatically in ponds during summer production of sunshine bass and summer temperatures are projected to increase in the Southern US. Extended periods of high ammonia result in fish stress, disease, mortality and significant loss of feeding days as producers attempt to reduce ammonia to manageable levels through reduced feeding or lower Protein diets. A factorial feeding trial was conducted in temperature controlled tanks to investigatemain and interactive effects of three Digestible Protein (DP) levels (33, 40, 47%), two lipid levels (10, 18%) and two ration levels (full fed: satiation, restricted: 80% of satiation) on growth, body composition, nutrient and amino acid retention, and ammonia and phosphorus excretion in sunshine bass (mean weight:75 g) reared at elevated temperature (30.5±0.5 °C) . Diets were balanced on an available amino acid basis to the profile of hybrid striped bass muscle and supplemented with lysine and methionine at the equivalent of 330, 400, or 470 g/ kg of muscle Protein. Each DP x lipid x ration treatmentwas fed to triplicate tanks of fish for 116 days. All measured responses were significantly altered bymain and interactive effects, but the patterns of interaction were similar among responses. Restricted feeding resulted in much lower final weights and weight gains but much higher ammonia excretion as a function of feed or N fed and body weight (BW), regardless of DP level. Lower dietary fat (10%) resulted in lower weight gains and poorer feed conversions aswell as higher ammonia excretion (per g N fed/kg BW) regardless of DP or ration level. Weight gain (475%) and final fish weight (434 g) were highest at 47% DP/18% dietary lipid, but feed conversion, Protein, energy and amino acid retention efficiencies were markedly poorer in the 47% DP diets regardless of lipid level due to hyperphagia in fish fed this diet. The 40/18 diet consistently outperformed the 33/18 diet in better growth and lower ammonia excretion as a function ofN fed/ BW, and nearly equaled the growth attained by fish fed 47/18 diet. Increasing ration to satiation at elevated temperature resulted inmuch greater improvements in weight gain, final weight and ammonia excretion of fish fed the 40/18 diet, as opposed to those fed the 33/18 diet. Amino acid retentions were nearly equal between the 33/18 and 40/18 diets and restricting feed to 80% of satiation slightly improved feed conversions and Protein and amino acid retentions. Consistent lipid x DP interactions generally indicated that the differences among responses to DP level seen at 18% dietary lipid significantly decreased or disappeared at 10% dietary lipid. Phosphorus excretion was low and not significantly altered bymain effects. Results suggest that a producer desiring to reduce pond ammoniawith the least compromise to production efficiency would be better served by feeding a 40% DP/ 18% lipid diet at a reduced level instead of switching to a lower Protein diet.
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response of sunshine bass morone chrysops x m saxatilis to Digestible Protein dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the southern united states
ARS USDA Submissions, 2012Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Bartholomew W. Green, Frederic T. Barrows, Matthew E. Mcentire, Gibson T Gaylord, Donald W. FreemanAbstract:Temperature andammonia levels often increase dramatically in ponds during summer production of sunshine bass and summer temperatures are projected to increase in the Southern US. Extended periods of high ammonia result in fish stress, disease, mortality and significant loss of feeding days as producers attempt to reduce ammonia to manageable levels through reduced feeding or lower Protein diets. A factorial feeding trial was conducted in temperature controlled tanks to investigatemain and interactive effects of three Digestible Protein (DP) levels (33, 40, 47%), two lipid levels (10, 18%) and two ration levels (full fed: satiation, restricted: 80% of satiation) on growth, body composition, nutrient and amino acid retention, and ammonia and phosphorus excretion in sunshine bass (mean weight:75 g) reared at elevated temperature (30.5±0.5 °C) . Diets were balanced on an available amino acid basis to the profile of hybrid striped bass muscle and supplemented with lysine and methionine at the equivalent of 330, 400, or 470 g/ kg of muscle Protein. Each DP x lipid x ration treatmentwas fed to triplicate tanks of fish for 116 days. All measured responses were significantly altered bymain and interactive effects, but the patterns of interaction were similar among responses. Restricted feeding resulted in much lower final weights and weight gains but much higher ammonia excretion as a function of feed or N fed and body weight (BW), regardless of DP level. Lower dietary fat (10%) resulted in lower weight gains and poorer feed conversions aswell as higher ammonia excretion (per g N fed/kg BW) regardless of DP or ration level. Weight gain (475%) and final fish weight (434 g) were highest at 47% DP/18% dietary lipid, but feed conversion, Protein, energy and amino acid retention efficiencies were markedly poorer in the 47% DP diets regardless of lipid level due to hyperphagia in fish fed this diet. The 40/18 diet consistently outperformed the 33/18 diet in better growth and lower ammonia excretion as a function ofN fed/ BW, and nearly equaled the growth attained by fish fed 47/18 diet. Increasing ration to satiation at elevated temperature resulted inmuch greater improvements in weight gain, final weight and ammonia excretion of fish fed the 40/18 diet, as opposed to those fed the 33/18 diet. Amino acid retentions were nearly equal between the 33/18 and 40/18 diets and restricting feed to 80% of satiation slightly improved feed conversions and Protein and amino acid retentions. Consistent lipid x DP interactions generally indicated that the differences among responses to DP level seen at 18% dietary lipid significantly decreased or disappeared at 10% dietary lipid. Phosphorus excretion was low and not significantly altered bymain effects. Results suggest that a producer desiring to reduce pond ammoniawith the least compromise to production efficiency would be better served by feeding a 40% DP/ 18% lipid diet at a reduced level instead of switching to a lower Protein diet.
Donald W. Freeman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Response of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) to Digestible Protein/ dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the Southern United States
Aquaculture, 2012Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Bartholomew W. Green, T. Gibson Gaylord, Frederic T. Barrows, Matthew E. Mcentire, Donald W. FreemanAbstract:article i nfo Temperatureandammonia levels oftenincreasedramatically in pondsduringsummer production of sunshine bass and summer temperatures are projected to increase in the Southern US. Extended periods of high ammonia result in fish stress, disease, mortality and significant loss of feeding days as producers attempt to reduce ammonia to manageable levels through reduced feeding or lower Protein diets. A factorial feeding trial was conducted in tem- perature controlled tanks to investigate main and interactive effects of three Digestible Protein (DP) levels (33, 40, 47%), two lipid levels (10, 18%) and two ration levels (full fed: satiation, restricted: 80% of satiation) on growth, body composition, nutrient and amino acid retention, and ammonia and phosphorus excretion in sunshine bass (mean weight:75 g) reared at elevated temperature (30.5±0.5 °C) . Diets were balanced on an available amino acid basis to the profile of hybrid striped bass muscle and supplemented with lysine and methionine at the equiv- alent of 330, 400, or 470 g/ kg of muscle Protein. Each DPx lipid x ration treatment was fed to triplicate tanks of fish for 116 days. All measured responses were significantly altered by main and interactive effects, but the patterns of interaction were similar among responses. Restricted feeding resulted in much lower final weights and weight gains but much higher ammonia excretion as a function of feed or N fed and body weight (BW), regardless of DP level. Lower dietary fat (10%) resulted in lower weight gains and poorer feed conversions as well as higher am- monia excretion (per g N fed/kg BW) regardless of DP or ration level. Weight gain (475%) and final fish weight (434 g) were highest at 47% DP/18% dietary lipid, but feed conversion, Protein, energy and amino acid retention efficiencies were markedly poorer in the 47% DP diets regardless of lipid level due to hyperphagia in fish fed this diet. The 40/18 diet consistently outperformed the 33/18 diet in better growth and lower ammonia excretion as a function of N fed/ BW, and nearly equaled the growth attained by fish fed 47/18 diet. Increasing ration to satiation at elevated temperature resulted in much greater improvements in weight gain, final weight and ammonia excre- tion of fish fed the 40/18 diet, as opposed to those fed the 33/18 diet. Amino acid retentions were nearly equal be- tween the 33/18 and 40/18 diets and restricting feed to 80% of satiation slightly improved feed conversions and Protein and amino acid retentions. Consistent lipid x DP interactions generally indicated that the differences among responses to DP level seen at 18% dietary lipid significantly decreased or disappeared at 10% dietary lipid. Phosphorus excretion was low and not significantly altered by main effects. Results suggest that a producer desir- ing to reduce pond ammoniawith the least compromise to production efficiency would be better served by feeding a 40% DP/ 18% lipid diet at a reduced level instead of switching to a lower Protein diet. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Response of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) to Digestible Protein/dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the Southern United States
2012Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Bartholomew W. Green, T. Gibson Gaylord, Frederic T. Barrows, Matthew E. Mcentire, Donald W. FreemanAbstract:Temperature andammonia levels often increase dramatically in ponds during summer production of sunshine bass and summer temperatures are projected to increase in the Southern US. Extended periods of high ammonia result in fish stress, disease, mortality and significant loss of feeding days as producers attempt to reduce ammonia to manageable levels through reduced feeding or lower Protein diets. A factorial feeding trial was conducted in temperature controlled tanks to investigatemain and interactive effects of three Digestible Protein (DP) levels (33, 40, 47%), two lipid levels (10, 18%) and two ration levels (full fed: satiation, restricted: 80% of satiation) on growth, body composition, nutrient and amino acid retention, and ammonia and phosphorus excretion in sunshine bass (mean weight:75 g) reared at elevated temperature (30.5±0.5 °C) . Diets were balanced on an available amino acid basis to the profile of hybrid striped bass muscle and supplemented with lysine and methionine at the equivalent of 330, 400, or 470 g/ kg of muscle Protein. Each DP x lipid x ration treatmentwas fed to triplicate tanks of fish for 116 days. All measured responses were significantly altered bymain and interactive effects, but the patterns of interaction were similar among responses. Restricted feeding resulted in much lower final weights and weight gains but much higher ammonia excretion as a function of feed or N fed and body weight (BW), regardless of DP level. Lower dietary fat (10%) resulted in lower weight gains and poorer feed conversions aswell as higher ammonia excretion (per g N fed/kg BW) regardless of DP or ration level. Weight gain (475%) and final fish weight (434 g) were highest at 47% DP/18% dietary lipid, but feed conversion, Protein, energy and amino acid retention efficiencies were markedly poorer in the 47% DP diets regardless of lipid level due to hyperphagia in fish fed this diet. The 40/18 diet consistently outperformed the 33/18 diet in better growth and lower ammonia excretion as a function ofN fed/ BW, and nearly equaled the growth attained by fish fed 47/18 diet. Increasing ration to satiation at elevated temperature resulted inmuch greater improvements in weight gain, final weight and ammonia excretion of fish fed the 40/18 diet, as opposed to those fed the 33/18 diet. Amino acid retentions were nearly equal between the 33/18 and 40/18 diets and restricting feed to 80% of satiation slightly improved feed conversions and Protein and amino acid retentions. Consistent lipid x DP interactions generally indicated that the differences among responses to DP level seen at 18% dietary lipid significantly decreased or disappeared at 10% dietary lipid. Phosphorus excretion was low and not significantly altered bymain effects. Results suggest that a producer desiring to reduce pond ammoniawith the least compromise to production efficiency would be better served by feeding a 40% DP/ 18% lipid diet at a reduced level instead of switching to a lower Protein diet.
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response of sunshine bass morone chrysops x m saxatilis to Digestible Protein dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the southern united states
ARS USDA Submissions, 2012Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Bartholomew W. Green, Frederic T. Barrows, Matthew E. Mcentire, Gibson T Gaylord, Donald W. FreemanAbstract:Temperature andammonia levels often increase dramatically in ponds during summer production of sunshine bass and summer temperatures are projected to increase in the Southern US. Extended periods of high ammonia result in fish stress, disease, mortality and significant loss of feeding days as producers attempt to reduce ammonia to manageable levels through reduced feeding or lower Protein diets. A factorial feeding trial was conducted in temperature controlled tanks to investigatemain and interactive effects of three Digestible Protein (DP) levels (33, 40, 47%), two lipid levels (10, 18%) and two ration levels (full fed: satiation, restricted: 80% of satiation) on growth, body composition, nutrient and amino acid retention, and ammonia and phosphorus excretion in sunshine bass (mean weight:75 g) reared at elevated temperature (30.5±0.5 °C) . Diets were balanced on an available amino acid basis to the profile of hybrid striped bass muscle and supplemented with lysine and methionine at the equivalent of 330, 400, or 470 g/ kg of muscle Protein. Each DP x lipid x ration treatmentwas fed to triplicate tanks of fish for 116 days. All measured responses were significantly altered bymain and interactive effects, but the patterns of interaction were similar among responses. Restricted feeding resulted in much lower final weights and weight gains but much higher ammonia excretion as a function of feed or N fed and body weight (BW), regardless of DP level. Lower dietary fat (10%) resulted in lower weight gains and poorer feed conversions aswell as higher ammonia excretion (per g N fed/kg BW) regardless of DP or ration level. Weight gain (475%) and final fish weight (434 g) were highest at 47% DP/18% dietary lipid, but feed conversion, Protein, energy and amino acid retention efficiencies were markedly poorer in the 47% DP diets regardless of lipid level due to hyperphagia in fish fed this diet. The 40/18 diet consistently outperformed the 33/18 diet in better growth and lower ammonia excretion as a function ofN fed/ BW, and nearly equaled the growth attained by fish fed 47/18 diet. Increasing ration to satiation at elevated temperature resulted inmuch greater improvements in weight gain, final weight and ammonia excretion of fish fed the 40/18 diet, as opposed to those fed the 33/18 diet. Amino acid retentions were nearly equal between the 33/18 and 40/18 diets and restricting feed to 80% of satiation slightly improved feed conversions and Protein and amino acid retentions. Consistent lipid x DP interactions generally indicated that the differences among responses to DP level seen at 18% dietary lipid significantly decreased or disappeared at 10% dietary lipid. Phosphorus excretion was low and not significantly altered bymain effects. Results suggest that a producer desiring to reduce pond ammoniawith the least compromise to production efficiency would be better served by feeding a 40% DP/ 18% lipid diet at a reduced level instead of switching to a lower Protein diet.
Fábio Meurer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of the Digestible Protein-energy relationship on the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed fishmeal-free diets
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: William Franco Carneiro, Robie Allan Bombardelli, Leda Maria Saragiotto Colpini, Rodrigo Clemente Thom De Souza, Rafael Ernesto Balen, Fábio MeurerAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to determine the best Digestible Protein: Digestible energy (DP:DE) ratio for adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets formulated with vegetable ingredients (soybean and corn), and without fishmeal. Four hundred and twenty male Nile tilapia (GIFT strain) (initial mean weight 193 ± 12.6 g) were allocated to 60 plastic tanks (1000 L) connected to a water recirculation system, and there were 7 fish in each tank. The experimental design was a 5 × 4 factorial with three replicates for each diet treatment. The fish were fed one of 20 diets containing a combination of five Digestible Protein levels (140, 190, 240, 290 and 340 g/kg DP) and four Digestible energy levels (10.89, 11.72, 12.56 and 13.40 MJ/kg DE) for 96 days. The fish were given three meals each day (8 AM, 1 PM and 6 PM) and feeding was to apparent satiation. At the end of the experimental period, diets presented an interactive effect (P 0.05) was observed in any treatment for fillet centesimal composition and whole body. However, an increase (P
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Digestible Protein requirement for Nile tilapia fed with rations based on soybean meal and corn
Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: William Franco Carneiro, Lilian Dena Dos Santos, Fernanda Pandini, Lilian Carolina Rosa Da Silva, Katsciane Aparecida Rossato, Fábio MeurerAbstract:The objective was to determine the requirement of Digestible Protein (DP) for Nile tilapia fed with diets based on soybean meal and corn. Two hundred Nile tilapia juveniles, sexually reversed, were used for a trial period of 100 days. The animals were distributed in 20 boxes of 1000 L -1 in a random design with five treatments and four replications, the boxes were connected to a water recirculation system. Five isoenergetic diets were tested with different levels of Digestible Protein (DP): 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40%. At the end of the experimental period were evaluated the zootechnical performance data. A quadratic effect (p < 0.05) was shown to parameters of final weight, weight gain, final length, fillet yield and visceral fat with the best points that ranged from 28.3 to 29.9% of DP. The largest area of hepatocytes was found to the lowest levels of DP in the diet (20 and 25%) compared to the other levels, which were similar. Thus, Nile tilapia has adequate performance for the consumption of diets based on soybean and corn meal and the recommended level is 28.3% of PD in these conditions.
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Growth of Nile tilapia post-larvae from broodstock fed diet with different levels of Digestible Protein and Digestible energy
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2013Co-Authors: Silia Maria De Negreiros Sousa, André Freccia, Lilian Dena Dos Santos, Fábio Meurer, Lucélia Tessaro, Robie Allan BombardelliAbstract:This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of different levels of Digestible energy and Digestible Protein in diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock on offspring growth during sex reversal stage. A total of 2,700 post-larvae (8.2±0.001 mg) derived from breeders fed nine diets with distinct levels of Digestible Protein (28, 34 and 40% DP) and Digestible energy (2,800; 3,400; and 4,000 kcal DE.kg-1) were stored in twenty-seven 70 L tanks. After 30 days of growth, their average final weight (AFW, g), average weight gain (AWG, g), final standard length (SL, cm), condition factor (CF), specific growth rate (SGR, %/day), stock uniformity (UNI, %), survival (SUR, %) and sex reversal rate (SRR, %) were measured. Although female nutrition is thought to influence the performance or quality of progeny during early life stages, no influence of diets supplied to broodstock was detected on any parameter. Nonetheless, the offspring presented commercially satisfactory growth rates. Thus, diets containing 28% of Digestible Protein and 2,800 kcal of Digestible energy.kg of diet-1 can be used to feed Nile tilapia broodstock without jeopardizing offspring performance during the sex reversal phase.
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digestibilidade aparente da energia e nutrientes de alimentos convencionais e alternativos para a tilapia do nilo oreochromis niloticus l
Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia, 2002Co-Authors: Wilson Rogerio Boscolo, Carmino Hayashi, Fábio MeurerAbstract:The trial aimed to evaluate the apparent strain digestibility coefficients (CDa) of dry matter (MS), gross energy (EB) and crude Protein (PB) of soybean meal (FS), corn (MO), wheat (TG), wheat meal (FT), millet pearl (MT), triticale (TC), cassava meal (FM) and soybean oil (OS) of Nile tilapia fingerlings of Thai. One hundred sexual reverted animals were used, with a mean weight of 37.61 ± 4.98g, distributed in two alimentation 500L mansory tanks and feces collect in modified Guelph system in two 150L aquariums. CDa was determined by an indirect method, with 0.1% chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as marker. CDa of MS, PB and EB was 65.49, 89.58 and 71.38 for FS; 73.22, 93.40 and 76.63 for MO; 86.51, 96.30 and 87.07 for TG; 66.79, 91.00 and 68.81 for FT; 77.96, 94.91 and 89.12 for MT; 68.51, 94.78 and 80.55 for TC; 91.11, 97.52 and 91.40% for FM, respectively, and for EB of soybean oil 89.85%, the values of Digestible Protein (%) and energy (kcal/kg) were 42.19 and 3057.63 for FS; 7.18 and 3037.03 for MO; 11.01 and 3423.66 for TG; 13.44 and 2825.88 FT; 13.88 and 3755.55 MT; 13.74 and 3230.69 for TC; 1.76 and 3280.09; for FM and 8485.28 kcal/kg of energy Digestible for OS. The results showed that the Protein and energy of these foods are efficiently used by Nile tilapia. To formulate complete diets the Digestible Protein and energy values must be used.
Frederic T. Barrows - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of grain distillers dried yeast as a fish meal substitute in practical type diets of juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Aquaculture, 2014Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Frederic T. Barrows, Gibson T Gaylord, Blake S Hauptman, Stephanie S Block, J A Paterson, Wendy M. SealeyAbstract:Abstract Grain distillers dried yeast (GDDY) is a single-cell Protein obtained as a co-product during the production of fuel ethanol that may have potential as a Protein replacement for rainbow trout. The goal of this study was to examine the suitability of GDDY as a replacement for fish meal on a Digestible Protein basis in rainbow trout diets. An in-vivo digestibility study was performed to determine the nutrient availability of GDDY. Subsequently, a control diet containing 42% Digestible Protein and 20% lipid was formulated to replace fish meal Protein with GDDY Protein at eight different levels (0, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, and 100%). Diets were fed to juvenile rainbow trout stocked into four replicate tanks per dietary treatment (30 fish/tank) and fed twice daily for nine weeks. High GDDY inclusion rates significantly altered rainbow trout growth and feed conversion but not feed intake. There were no significant differences in production performance in fish fed the 25% GDDY and 37.5% GDDY diets when compared to fish fed the control diet, but further dietary fish meal replacement generally decreased fish performance. Further research is warranted to determine why fish performance decreased with higher inclusion levels of GDDY in spite of similar feed intake among levels.
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Response of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) to Digestible Protein/ dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the Southern United States
Aquaculture, 2012Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Bartholomew W. Green, T. Gibson Gaylord, Frederic T. Barrows, Matthew E. Mcentire, Donald W. FreemanAbstract:article i nfo Temperatureandammonia levels oftenincreasedramatically in pondsduringsummer production of sunshine bass and summer temperatures are projected to increase in the Southern US. Extended periods of high ammonia result in fish stress, disease, mortality and significant loss of feeding days as producers attempt to reduce ammonia to manageable levels through reduced feeding or lower Protein diets. A factorial feeding trial was conducted in tem- perature controlled tanks to investigate main and interactive effects of three Digestible Protein (DP) levels (33, 40, 47%), two lipid levels (10, 18%) and two ration levels (full fed: satiation, restricted: 80% of satiation) on growth, body composition, nutrient and amino acid retention, and ammonia and phosphorus excretion in sunshine bass (mean weight:75 g) reared at elevated temperature (30.5±0.5 °C) . Diets were balanced on an available amino acid basis to the profile of hybrid striped bass muscle and supplemented with lysine and methionine at the equiv- alent of 330, 400, or 470 g/ kg of muscle Protein. Each DPx lipid x ration treatment was fed to triplicate tanks of fish for 116 days. All measured responses were significantly altered by main and interactive effects, but the patterns of interaction were similar among responses. Restricted feeding resulted in much lower final weights and weight gains but much higher ammonia excretion as a function of feed or N fed and body weight (BW), regardless of DP level. Lower dietary fat (10%) resulted in lower weight gains and poorer feed conversions as well as higher am- monia excretion (per g N fed/kg BW) regardless of DP or ration level. Weight gain (475%) and final fish weight (434 g) were highest at 47% DP/18% dietary lipid, but feed conversion, Protein, energy and amino acid retention efficiencies were markedly poorer in the 47% DP diets regardless of lipid level due to hyperphagia in fish fed this diet. The 40/18 diet consistently outperformed the 33/18 diet in better growth and lower ammonia excretion as a function of N fed/ BW, and nearly equaled the growth attained by fish fed 47/18 diet. Increasing ration to satiation at elevated temperature resulted in much greater improvements in weight gain, final weight and ammonia excre- tion of fish fed the 40/18 diet, as opposed to those fed the 33/18 diet. Amino acid retentions were nearly equal be- tween the 33/18 and 40/18 diets and restricting feed to 80% of satiation slightly improved feed conversions and Protein and amino acid retentions. Consistent lipid x DP interactions generally indicated that the differences among responses to DP level seen at 18% dietary lipid significantly decreased or disappeared at 10% dietary lipid. Phosphorus excretion was low and not significantly altered by main effects. Results suggest that a producer desir- ing to reduce pond ammoniawith the least compromise to production efficiency would be better served by feeding a 40% DP/ 18% lipid diet at a reduced level instead of switching to a lower Protein diet. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Response of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) to Digestible Protein/dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the Southern United States
2012Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Bartholomew W. Green, T. Gibson Gaylord, Frederic T. Barrows, Matthew E. Mcentire, Donald W. FreemanAbstract:Temperature andammonia levels often increase dramatically in ponds during summer production of sunshine bass and summer temperatures are projected to increase in the Southern US. Extended periods of high ammonia result in fish stress, disease, mortality and significant loss of feeding days as producers attempt to reduce ammonia to manageable levels through reduced feeding or lower Protein diets. A factorial feeding trial was conducted in temperature controlled tanks to investigatemain and interactive effects of three Digestible Protein (DP) levels (33, 40, 47%), two lipid levels (10, 18%) and two ration levels (full fed: satiation, restricted: 80% of satiation) on growth, body composition, nutrient and amino acid retention, and ammonia and phosphorus excretion in sunshine bass (mean weight:75 g) reared at elevated temperature (30.5±0.5 °C) . Diets were balanced on an available amino acid basis to the profile of hybrid striped bass muscle and supplemented with lysine and methionine at the equivalent of 330, 400, or 470 g/ kg of muscle Protein. Each DP x lipid x ration treatmentwas fed to triplicate tanks of fish for 116 days. All measured responses were significantly altered bymain and interactive effects, but the patterns of interaction were similar among responses. Restricted feeding resulted in much lower final weights and weight gains but much higher ammonia excretion as a function of feed or N fed and body weight (BW), regardless of DP level. Lower dietary fat (10%) resulted in lower weight gains and poorer feed conversions aswell as higher ammonia excretion (per g N fed/kg BW) regardless of DP or ration level. Weight gain (475%) and final fish weight (434 g) were highest at 47% DP/18% dietary lipid, but feed conversion, Protein, energy and amino acid retention efficiencies were markedly poorer in the 47% DP diets regardless of lipid level due to hyperphagia in fish fed this diet. The 40/18 diet consistently outperformed the 33/18 diet in better growth and lower ammonia excretion as a function ofN fed/ BW, and nearly equaled the growth attained by fish fed 47/18 diet. Increasing ration to satiation at elevated temperature resulted inmuch greater improvements in weight gain, final weight and ammonia excretion of fish fed the 40/18 diet, as opposed to those fed the 33/18 diet. Amino acid retentions were nearly equal between the 33/18 and 40/18 diets and restricting feed to 80% of satiation slightly improved feed conversions and Protein and amino acid retentions. Consistent lipid x DP interactions generally indicated that the differences among responses to DP level seen at 18% dietary lipid significantly decreased or disappeared at 10% dietary lipid. Phosphorus excretion was low and not significantly altered bymain effects. Results suggest that a producer desiring to reduce pond ammoniawith the least compromise to production efficiency would be better served by feeding a 40% DP/ 18% lipid diet at a reduced level instead of switching to a lower Protein diet.
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response of sunshine bass morone chrysops x m saxatilis to Digestible Protein dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the southern united states
ARS USDA Submissions, 2012Co-Authors: Steven D. Rawles, Bartholomew W. Green, Frederic T. Barrows, Matthew E. Mcentire, Gibson T Gaylord, Donald W. FreemanAbstract:Temperature andammonia levels often increase dramatically in ponds during summer production of sunshine bass and summer temperatures are projected to increase in the Southern US. Extended periods of high ammonia result in fish stress, disease, mortality and significant loss of feeding days as producers attempt to reduce ammonia to manageable levels through reduced feeding or lower Protein diets. A factorial feeding trial was conducted in temperature controlled tanks to investigatemain and interactive effects of three Digestible Protein (DP) levels (33, 40, 47%), two lipid levels (10, 18%) and two ration levels (full fed: satiation, restricted: 80% of satiation) on growth, body composition, nutrient and amino acid retention, and ammonia and phosphorus excretion in sunshine bass (mean weight:75 g) reared at elevated temperature (30.5±0.5 °C) . Diets were balanced on an available amino acid basis to the profile of hybrid striped bass muscle and supplemented with lysine and methionine at the equivalent of 330, 400, or 470 g/ kg of muscle Protein. Each DP x lipid x ration treatmentwas fed to triplicate tanks of fish for 116 days. All measured responses were significantly altered bymain and interactive effects, but the patterns of interaction were similar among responses. Restricted feeding resulted in much lower final weights and weight gains but much higher ammonia excretion as a function of feed or N fed and body weight (BW), regardless of DP level. Lower dietary fat (10%) resulted in lower weight gains and poorer feed conversions aswell as higher ammonia excretion (per g N fed/kg BW) regardless of DP or ration level. Weight gain (475%) and final fish weight (434 g) were highest at 47% DP/18% dietary lipid, but feed conversion, Protein, energy and amino acid retention efficiencies were markedly poorer in the 47% DP diets regardless of lipid level due to hyperphagia in fish fed this diet. The 40/18 diet consistently outperformed the 33/18 diet in better growth and lower ammonia excretion as a function ofN fed/ BW, and nearly equaled the growth attained by fish fed 47/18 diet. Increasing ration to satiation at elevated temperature resulted inmuch greater improvements in weight gain, final weight and ammonia excretion of fish fed the 40/18 diet, as opposed to those fed the 33/18 diet. Amino acid retentions were nearly equal between the 33/18 and 40/18 diets and restricting feed to 80% of satiation slightly improved feed conversions and Protein and amino acid retentions. Consistent lipid x DP interactions generally indicated that the differences among responses to DP level seen at 18% dietary lipid significantly decreased or disappeared at 10% dietary lipid. Phosphorus excretion was low and not significantly altered bymain effects. Results suggest that a producer desiring to reduce pond ammoniawith the least compromise to production efficiency would be better served by feeding a 40% DP/ 18% lipid diet at a reduced level instead of switching to a lower Protein diet.