Digit Span

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Geoffrey Underwood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • simultaneous interpreters and the effect of concurrent articulation on immediate memory a bilingual Digit Span study
    Interpreting, 1998
    Co-Authors: Dino Chincotta, Geoffrey Underwood
    Abstract:

    According to working memory theory (e.g., Baddeley, 1990), bilingual Digit Span is mediated by a variation in speech rate between the languages. This view is supported by findings that demonstrate the elimination of the bilingual Digit Span effect under concurrent articulation. The present study addressed the question as to how experienced simultaneous interpreters, experts in processing information whilst articulating a translation in a target language, cope with the deleterious effects of articulatory. suppression. Bilingual Digit Span with and without articulatory suppression was compared between experienced simultaneous interpreters fluent in Finnish and English and a control group consisting of Finnish undergraduates majoring in English. The results showed that articulatory suppression occasioned a decrement in Digit Span for both groups. Articulatory suppression eliminated the bilingual Digit Span effect for controls, whereas the language difference was preserved for the simultaneous interpreters. The present findings highlighted the potential for further research that examines memory performance by simultaneous interpreters under secondary task loadings as a means of extending current models of human information processing.

  • eye fixations speech rate and bilingual Digit Span numeral reading indexes fluency not word length
    Acta Psychologica, 1997
    Co-Authors: Dino Chincotta, Jukka Hyona, Geoffrey Underwood
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study examined whether the reading of language-neutral stimuli, as numerals are, at maximal speed by bilinguals indexes processes related to fluency rather than differences in articulation time between languages. We tested two groups of bilinguals that spoke the same languages (Finnish and Swedish) but whose mother tongues were different and obtained measures of Arabic numeral processing by monitoring eye movements. These measures were contrasted with articulation and numeral reading estimates of word length. The results indicated that Finnish- and Swedish-dominant bilinguals had shorter gaze durations and shorter reading times in their respective dominant languages, whereas both groups articulated Digits faster in Swedish than Finnish. The Swedish-dominant group had a larger Digit Span in Swedish, whereas Digit Span was marginally greater in Finnish than Swedish for the Finnish-dominant group. The finding that numeral reading was influenced by cognitive loads independent of articulation, thus, moderated the view that bilingual Digit Span effects are mediated exclusively by variation in word length between languages.

  • Digit Span and articulatory suppression a cross linguistic comparison
    European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Dino Chincotta, Geoffrey Underwood
    Abstract:

    Native speakers of six languages (Chinese, English, Finnish, Greek, Spanish and Swedish) were tested for Digit Span with and without articulatory suppression. The results showed that under control conditions Chinese speakers obtained a larger Digit Span than speakers of the remaining languages, who did not differ among themselves. However, under articulatory suppression, these differences were eliminated and suppressed Digit Span was equivalent across the languages. These findings provide empirical support for the view that attributes cross-linguistic differences in Digit Span to variation in the articulatory duration of Digit names and the rate of subvocal rehearsal between languages.

  • mother tongue language of schooling and bilingual Digit Span
    British Journal of Psychology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Dino Chincotta, Geoffrey Underwood
    Abstract:

    The present study investigated whether language differences in Digit Span are due to differential levels of familiarity and practice arising from experiences associated with the mother tongue (language of the home), language of the school or to cross-linguistic differences in word length. Mother tongue and language of schooling were varied orthogonally to create four bilingual types: Finnish or Swedish mother tongue and language of schooling (FF and SS), Finnish mother tongue and Swedish language of schooling (FS) and vice versa (SF). Subjects were tested for Digit reading rate and Digit Span with and without articulatory suppression. The results showed that constant bilinguals (FF and SS) obtained faster reading rates and larger Digit Spans in their dominant language, whereas compound bilinguals (FS and SF) showed no difference between the languages on either measure. Language of schooling was identified as a powerful determinant of bilingual Digit Span differences, but did not account for the full range of findings.

Dino Chincotta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • simultaneous interpreters and the effect of concurrent articulation on immediate memory a bilingual Digit Span study
    Interpreting, 1998
    Co-Authors: Dino Chincotta, Geoffrey Underwood
    Abstract:

    According to working memory theory (e.g., Baddeley, 1990), bilingual Digit Span is mediated by a variation in speech rate between the languages. This view is supported by findings that demonstrate the elimination of the bilingual Digit Span effect under concurrent articulation. The present study addressed the question as to how experienced simultaneous interpreters, experts in processing information whilst articulating a translation in a target language, cope with the deleterious effects of articulatory. suppression. Bilingual Digit Span with and without articulatory suppression was compared between experienced simultaneous interpreters fluent in Finnish and English and a control group consisting of Finnish undergraduates majoring in English. The results showed that articulatory suppression occasioned a decrement in Digit Span for both groups. Articulatory suppression eliminated the bilingual Digit Span effect for controls, whereas the language difference was preserved for the simultaneous interpreters. The present findings highlighted the potential for further research that examines memory performance by simultaneous interpreters under secondary task loadings as a means of extending current models of human information processing.

  • eye fixations speech rate and bilingual Digit Span numeral reading indexes fluency not word length
    Acta Psychologica, 1997
    Co-Authors: Dino Chincotta, Jukka Hyona, Geoffrey Underwood
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study examined whether the reading of language-neutral stimuli, as numerals are, at maximal speed by bilinguals indexes processes related to fluency rather than differences in articulation time between languages. We tested two groups of bilinguals that spoke the same languages (Finnish and Swedish) but whose mother tongues were different and obtained measures of Arabic numeral processing by monitoring eye movements. These measures were contrasted with articulation and numeral reading estimates of word length. The results indicated that Finnish- and Swedish-dominant bilinguals had shorter gaze durations and shorter reading times in their respective dominant languages, whereas both groups articulated Digits faster in Swedish than Finnish. The Swedish-dominant group had a larger Digit Span in Swedish, whereas Digit Span was marginally greater in Finnish than Swedish for the Finnish-dominant group. The finding that numeral reading was influenced by cognitive loads independent of articulation, thus, moderated the view that bilingual Digit Span effects are mediated exclusively by variation in word length between languages.

  • Digit Span and articulatory suppression a cross linguistic comparison
    European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Dino Chincotta, Geoffrey Underwood
    Abstract:

    Native speakers of six languages (Chinese, English, Finnish, Greek, Spanish and Swedish) were tested for Digit Span with and without articulatory suppression. The results showed that under control conditions Chinese speakers obtained a larger Digit Span than speakers of the remaining languages, who did not differ among themselves. However, under articulatory suppression, these differences were eliminated and suppressed Digit Span was equivalent across the languages. These findings provide empirical support for the view that attributes cross-linguistic differences in Digit Span to variation in the articulatory duration of Digit names and the rate of subvocal rehearsal between languages.

  • Digit Span articulatory suppression and the deaf a study of the hong kong chinese
    American Annals of the Deaf, 1996
    Co-Authors: May Chincotta, Dino Chincotta
    Abstract:

    Are the deaf capable of encoding, storing, and rehearsing visually presented information in phonological form? Using a working memory paradigm, the effect of articulatory suppression, a procedure consistently shown to eliminate phonological coding in hearing people, was examined for 15 orally trained, congenitally deaf, Hong Kong Chinese children. Digit Span measures were obtained under normal conditions, with articulatory suppression, and kinesthetic suppression. Performance was compared to a control group of hearing children matched for educational level. Digit Span measures for the deaf were lower compared to controls for all three conditions. However whereas suppression had a deleterious effect on Digit Span compared to both normal and tapping conditions for hearing subjects, no differences were observed for the deaf. The present results suggested that orally trained Chinese deaf did not encode information in an exclusively phonological manner and indicated the use of multiple encoding strategies. Given the possibility of differences between Chinese language processing compared to other language systems it would be injudicious to extend the present findings to all deaf populations pending further research.

  • mother tongue language of schooling and bilingual Digit Span
    British Journal of Psychology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Dino Chincotta, Geoffrey Underwood
    Abstract:

    The present study investigated whether language differences in Digit Span are due to differential levels of familiarity and practice arising from experiences associated with the mother tongue (language of the home), language of the school or to cross-linguistic differences in word length. Mother tongue and language of schooling were varied orthogonally to create four bilingual types: Finnish or Swedish mother tongue and language of schooling (FF and SS), Finnish mother tongue and Swedish language of schooling (FS) and vice versa (SF). Subjects were tested for Digit reading rate and Digit Span with and without articulatory suppression. The results showed that constant bilinguals (FF and SS) obtained faster reading rates and larger Digit Spans in their dominant language, whereas compound bilinguals (FS and SF) showed no difference between the languages on either measure. Language of schooling was identified as a powerful determinant of bilingual Digit Span differences, but did not account for the full range of findings.

Kevin W Greve - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Megan A Ciota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • malingering in toxic exposure classification accuracy of reliable Digit Span and wais iii Digit Span scaled scores
    Assessment, 2007
    Co-Authors: Kevin W Greve, Steven Springer, Kevin J Bianchini, William F Black, Matthew T Heinly, Jeffrey M Love, Douglas A Swift, Megan A Ciota
    Abstract:

    This study examined the sensitivity and false-positive error rate of reliable Digit Span (RDS) and the WAIS-III Digit Span (DS) scaled score in persons alleging toxic exposure and determined whethe...

  • reliable Digit Span is unaffected by laboratory induced pain implications for clinical use
    Assessment, 2005
    Co-Authors: Joseph L Etherton, Megan A Ciota, Kevin J Bianchini, Kevin W Greve
    Abstract:

    Reliable Digit Span (RDS) is an indicator used to assess the validity of cognitive test performance. Scores of 7 or lower suggest poor effort or negative response bias. The possibility that RDS scores are also affected by pain has not been addressed thus potentially threatening RDS specificity. The current study used cold pressor-induced pain to investigate the effect of pain on RDS scores. Sixty undergraduate volunteers randomly assigned to one of three conditions (control, simulator, pain) completed the Digit Span subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III from which the RDS is derived. No differences in RDS scores were found between the control and pain groups, and neither group scored below 8. Sixty-five percent of the simulator group scored 7 or below. These results suggest that RDS is not affected by pain, and scores of 7 or less in persons with pain can be more confidently attributed to negative response bias.

Kevin J Bianchini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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