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Terence G Langdon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hardness Homogeneity on longitudinal and transverse sections of an aluminum alloy processed by ecap
    Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2011
    Co-Authors: Saleh N Alhajeri, Terence G Langdon
    Abstract:

    Billets of a commercial-purity aluminum Al-1050 alloy were processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at room temperature for up to six passes and microhardness measurements were recorded on the longitudinal and cross-sectional planes of each billet. Large numbers of datum points were recorded in order to minimize the errors in the results. The measurements show the hardness increases significantly after the first pass and then increases by very small amounts in subsequent passes. There are regions of lower hardness running in bands near the top and bottom surfaces of each billet. With increasing numbers of passes, the lower hardness region near the top surface disappears and the region near the lower surface remains in place but becomes less extensive. Neglecting the very small region of lower hardness near the bottom surface, the results show there is a potential for achieving excellent three-Dimensional Homogeneity after six passes of ECAP.

Richard E Klingne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • structural modeling and experimental techniques
    1999
    Co-Authors: Gajana Sabnis, Harry G Harris, Richard N White, Saeed M Mirza, Richard E Klingne
    Abstract:

    Introduction to Physical Modeling in Structural Engineering Introduction Structural Models - Definitions and Classifications A Brief Historical Perspective on Modeling Structural Models and Codes of Practice Physical Modeling and the New Engineering Curriculum Choice of Geometric Scale The Modeling Process Advantages and Limitations of Model Analysis Accuracy of Structural Models Model Laboratories Modeling Case Studies The Theory of Structural Models Introduction Dimensions and Dimensional Homogeneity Dimensional Analysis Structural Models Similitude Requirements Elastic Models - Materials and Techniques Introduction Materials for Elastic Models Plastics Time Effects in Plastics - Evaluation and Compensation Effects of Loading Rate, Temperature, and the Environment Special Problems Related to Plastic Models Other Common Elastic Model Materials Balsa Wood, Structural Wood, and Paper Elastic Models - Design and Research Applications Determination of Influence Lines and Influence Surfaces Using Indirect Models - Muller-Breslau Principle Inelastic Models: Materials for Concrete and Masonry Structures Prototype and Model Concretes Engineering Properties of Concrete Unconfined Compressive Strength and Stress-Strain Relationship Tensile Strength of Concrete Flexural Behavior of Prototype and Model Concrete Behavior in Indirect Tension and Shear Design Mixes for Model Concrete Summary of Model Concrete Mixes Used by Various Investigators Gypsum Mortars Modeling of Concrete Masonry Structures Strength of Model Block Masonry Assemblages Inelastic Models: Structural Steel and Reinforcing Bars Introduction Steel Structural Steel Models Reinforcement for Small-Scale Concrete Models Model Prestressing Reinforcement FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Models Bond Characteristics of Model Steel Bond Similitude Cracking Similitude and General Deformation Similitude in Reinforced Concrete Elements Model Fabrication Techniques Introduction Basic Cutting, Shaping and Machining Operations Basic Fastening and Gluing Techniques Construction of Structural Steel Models Construction of Plastic Models Construction of Wood and Paper Models Fabrication of Concrete Models Fabrication of Concrete Masonry Materials Instrumentation Principles and Applications General Quantities to Be Measured Strain Measurements Displacement Measurements Full-Field Strain Measurements and Crack Detection Methods Stress and Force Measurement Temperature Measurements Creep and Shrinkage Characteristics and Moisture Measurements Data Acquisition and Reduction Fiber Optics and Smart Structures Loading Systems and Laboratory Techniques Introduction Types of Loads and Loading Systems Discrete vs. Distributed Loads Loading for Shell and Other Models Loading Techniques for Buckling Studies and for Structures Subject to Sway Miscellaneous Loading Devices Size Effects, Accuracy and Reliability in Materials System and Models General What Is a Size Effect? Factors Influencing Size Effects Theoretical Studies in Size Effects Experimental Work in Plain Concrete Size Effects in Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Size Effects in Metal and Other Materials Size Effects in Masonry Mortars Size Effects and Design Codes Errors in Model Studies Types of Errors Statistics of Measurements Propagation of Random Errors Accuracies in (Concrete) Models Overall Reliability of Model Results Influence of Cost and Time on Accuracy of Models Model Applications and Case Studies Introduction Modeling Applications Case Studies Structural Models for Wind, Blast, Impact and Earthquake Loads Introduction Similitude Requirements Materials for Dynamic Models Loading Systems for Dynamic Model Testing Examples of Dynamic Models Case Studies Educational Models for Civil and Architectural Engineering Introduction Historical Perspective Linearly Elastic Structural Behavior Nonlinear and Inelastic Structural Behavior Structural Dynamics Concepts Experimentation and the New Engineering Curriculum Case Studies and Student Projects

M. G. Cascone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Assessing two-way interactions between cells and inorganic nanoparticles
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2019
    Co-Authors: C. Cristallini, N. Barbani, S. Bianchi, S. Maltinti, A. Baldassare, R. Ishak, M. Onor, L. Ambrosio, V. Castelvetro, M. G. Cascone
    Abstract:

    A safe and effective use of nanoparticles in biology and medicine requires a thorough understanding, down to the molecular level, of how nanoparticles interact with cells in the physiological environment. This study evaluated the two-way interaction between inorganic nanomaterials (INMs) and cells from A549 human lung carcinoma cell line. The interaction between silica and zinc oxide INMs and cells was investigated using both standard methods and advanced characterization techniques. The effect of INMs on cell properties was evaluated in terms of cell viability, chemical modifications, and volume changes. The effect of cells and culture medium on INMs was evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). No cytotoxic effect was detected in the case of silicon oxide INMs, while for high doses of zinc oxide INMs a reduction of cell survival was observed. Also, increased cell volume was recorded after 24 h incubation of cells with zinc oxide INMs. A better Dimensional Homogeneity and colloidal stability was observed by DLS for silicon oxide INMs than for zinc oxide INMs. SEM–EDS analysis showed the effectiveness of the adopted dispersion procedure and confirmed in the case of zinc oxide INMs the presence of residual substances derived from organosilane coating. HPLC and GC–MS performed on INMs aqueous dispersions after 24 h incubation showed an additional peak related to the presence of an organic contaminant only in the case of zinc oxide INMs. FTIR Chemical Imaging carried out directly on the cells showed, in case of incubation with zinc oxide INMs, a modification of the spectra in correspondence of phospholipids, nucleic acids and proteins characteristic absorption bands when compared with untreated cells. Overall, our results confirm the importance of developing new experimental methods and techniques for improving the knowledge about the biosafety of nanomaterials.

Saleh N Alhajeri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hardness Homogeneity on longitudinal and transverse sections of an aluminum alloy processed by ecap
    Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2011
    Co-Authors: Saleh N Alhajeri, Terence G Langdon
    Abstract:

    Billets of a commercial-purity aluminum Al-1050 alloy were processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at room temperature for up to six passes and microhardness measurements were recorded on the longitudinal and cross-sectional planes of each billet. Large numbers of datum points were recorded in order to minimize the errors in the results. The measurements show the hardness increases significantly after the first pass and then increases by very small amounts in subsequent passes. There are regions of lower hardness running in bands near the top and bottom surfaces of each billet. With increasing numbers of passes, the lower hardness region near the top surface disappears and the region near the lower surface remains in place but becomes less extensive. Neglecting the very small region of lower hardness near the bottom surface, the results show there is a potential for achieving excellent three-Dimensional Homogeneity after six passes of ECAP.

Valerio Lo Brano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evaluation of building heating loads with Dimensional analysis application of the buckingham π theorem
    Energy and Buildings, 2017
    Co-Authors: Giuseppina Ciulla, A Damico, Valerio Lo Brano
    Abstract:

    Abstract A detailed assessment of building energy performance requires a large amount of input data concerning building typology, environmental conditions, envelope thermophysical properties, geometry, control strategies, and several other parameters. Notwithstanding, the use of specialized software tools poses many challenges in regards to the retrieval of reliable and detailed information, setting a steep learning curve for engineers and energy managers. To speed up the preliminary assessment phase, it might be more convenient to resort to a simplified model that allows the evaluation of heating energy demand with a good level of accuracy and without excessive computational cost or user expertise. Dimensional analysis is a means of simplifying a physical problem by appealing to Dimensional Homogeneity to reduce the number of relevant variables. In this work, the authors investigated an alternative approach to assess the thermal energy demand of a high-performance-non-residential building. It was possible to define some dimensionless numbers that synthetically describe the links between the main characteristic parameters of the thermal balance by applying the Buckingham π theorem. After a detailed description of the Buckingham π theorem and of its application concerning the evaluation of the building energy balance, the authors identified nine “ad hoc” dimensionless numbers. The proposed methodology has been validated by the comparison of the heating energy demand calculated by detailed dynamic simulations carried out in TRNSYS according to the standards and laws of building energy requirements in seven different European countries. Applying a set of criteria, it was possible to employ a dimensionless number to determine, immediately and without any calculation or use of steady/dynamic software, the heating energy demand with an reliability >90%.