The Experts below are selected from a list of 1752 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sarah M Eppley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of sex and mycorrhizal fungi on gas exchange in the dioecious salt marsh grass Distichlis spicata
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Kassandra Reussschmidt, Todd N Rosenstiel, Sally R Rogers, Allie G Simpson, Sarah M EppleyAbstract:Premise of research. In dioecious plant species, males and females often differ in physiology, and mycorrhizal fungal relationships are likely to influence these differences. However, few data are available on the potential role of mycorrhizal fungi in altering sex-specific physiology and population sex ratios of dioecious plant species.Methodology. In this study, we measured leaf gas exchange in a multifactorial greenhouse experiment with and without mycorrhizal fungal additions and under field conditions in Distichlis spicata, a dioecious C4 salt marsh grass, displaying extreme spatial sex ratio variation.Pivotal results. We found a significant interaction between gas exchange, plant sex, and mycorrhizal fungal infection. Specifically, females but not males had significantly lower transpiration rates and higher water use efficiency (WUE) in treatments with increased mycorrhizal fungi. Additionally, field data showed similar WUE between plants at female-majority sites and male-majority sites, despite sig...
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sex specific variation in the interaction between Distichlis spicata poaceae and mycorrhizal fungi
American Journal of Botany, 2009Co-Authors: Sarah M Eppley, Charlene A Mercer, Christian Haaning, Camille Brianne GravesAbstract:Associations between mycorrhizal fungi and plants can infl uence intraspecifi c competition and shape plant population structure. While variation in plant genotypes is known to affect mycorrhizal colonization in crop systems, little is known about how genotypes affect colonization in natural plant populations or how plant sex might infl uence colonization with mycorrhizal fungi in plant species with dimorphic sexual systems. In this study, we analyzed mycorrhizal colonization in males and females of the wetland dioecious grass Distichlis spicata , which has spatially segregated sexes. Our results suggest that D. spicata males and females interact with mycorrhizal fungi differently. We discuss the implications for the role of this sex-specifi c symbiotic interaction in the maintenance of the within-population sex ratio bias of D. spicata .
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new sequence tagged site molecular markers for identification of sex in Distichlis spicata
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2009Co-Authors: Sarah M Eppley, Robin Oquinn, Anna L BrownAbstract:Sex-linked molecular markers have become valuable tools for understanding sex ratio evolution and sex-specific physiology in pre-reproductive plants. To develop new accurate methods for sexing Distichlis spicata juveniles and nonflowering individuals, we converted a random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction marker that co-segregated with the female phenotype into a set of sequence-tagged site markers. We tested the marker pair on known males and females from populations in Oregon and California. A single band was obtained for all female samples but never for males.
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microsatellite markers isolated from saltgrass Distichlis spicata
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2007Co-Authors: Olga V Tsyusko, Sarah M Eppley, Maureen B Peters, Tracey D Tuberville, Cris Hagen, Travis C GlennAbstract:Twelve polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci were isolated from saltgrass ( Distichlis spicata ) and optimized for future studies of its breeding system. The loci were screened for variability among 24 individuals from two populations. The primers amplified loci with numbers of alleles ranging from four to 14 per locus and polymorphic information content from 0.481 to 0.951. Observed heterozygosity varied from 0.227 to 0.958.
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Females make tough neighbors: sex-specific competitive effects in seedlings of a dioecious grass
Oecologia, 2006Co-Authors: Sarah M EppleyAbstract:If males and females of a species differ in their effect on intraspecific competition then this can have significant ecological and evolutionary consequences because it can lead to size and mortality disparities between the sexes, and thus cause biased population sex ratios. If the degree of sexual dimorphism of competitive effect varies across environments then this variation can generate sex ratio variation within and between populations. In a California population of Distichlis spicata, a dioecious grass species exhibiting extreme within-population sex ratio variation (spatial segregation of the sexes), I evaluated the intraspecific competitive effects of male and female D. spicata seedlings in three soil types. The sex of seedlings was determined using a RAPD-PCR marker co-segregating with female phenotype. Distichlis spicata seedlings, regardless of sex, were six times larger when grown with male versus female conspecific seedlings in soil from microsites where the majority of D. spicata plants are female, and this sexual dimorphism of competitive effect was weaker or did not occur in other soil types. This study suggests that it is not just the higher costs of female versus male reproduction itself that cause spatial segregation of the sexes in D. spicata, but that differences in competitive abilities between the sexes—which occur as early as the seedling stage—can generate sex ratio variation.
Maria Gabriela Fernandez Pepi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phytolith analysis of the main species of Distichlis sp chloridoideae poaceae distributed in south america
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019Co-Authors: Alejandro Fabian Zucol, Noelia Isabel Patterer, Eliana Vanesa Moya, Maria Gabriela Fernandez PepiAbstract:Abstract The Saltgrasses are pioneer plants in the early stages of succession in saline soils and constitute particular zonal communities of low species variability. Phytolith assemblage analysis of these species allows a community type to be characterized that consists mainly of species with well-defined environmental adaptations, which are significant because of their paleoecological importance. The aim of the present study is to characterize phytolith assemblages of Distichlis species in South America, emphasizing their leaf morphotypes. Four Distichlis species, mainly of South American distribution, and four chloridoids species from different clades of the subfamily ( Lycurus , Eragrostis , Muhlenbergia and Sporobolus ) were selected for this study. The phytoliths were obtained following Labouriau's calcination technique. Quantitative analysis of the morphotype abundance in the phytolith assemblages studied allowed the three main groups to be distinguished, with the common presence of multicellular phytoliths with long, short, bulliform and subepidermal silicified cells, as well as unicellular phytoliths, such as short narrow saddle, prickles and hairs, polyhedral and long elongate types. Conversely, the exclusive presence of horned towers, short truncated cones, circular/ovoid, papillae trichome, silicified microhairs, and isolated and articulated irregular epidermal cell phytoliths in Monanthochloinae clade species distinguishes them from the Muhlenbergiinae clade species with square/rectangular and subrectangular saddles and acute dumbbells. Eragrostis and Sporobolus species have shown some particular morphotypes (such as hairs with cushions, long truncate cones, dumbbell and dumbbell/saddle). The results not only allowed us to identify the Distichlis species, but also to distinguish them from other grasses, including those in their subfamily; and represent a potential tool to identified halophytes environments outside New World saltgrasses.
Leigh E Towill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of nitrous oxide on mitochondrial and cell respiration and growth in Distichlis spicata suspension cultures
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 1991Co-Authors: Sharon Sowa, Leigh E TowillAbstract:The reversible inhibition of respiratory activity could provide a novel approach to the preservation of traditionally hard to store plant germplasm such as clonal materials and recalcitrant seed. The gaseous anesthetic nitrous oxide caused a reversible, dose-dependent, partial inhibition of dioxygen utilization in mitochondrial particles isolated from cell suspension cultures of the salt-tolerant marsh grass Distichlis spicata, with maximal inhibition of 33% after 30 minutes exposure to an atmosphere of 80% nitrous oxide plus 20% oxygen. Respiration of whole cells required longer time to be affected by the anesthetic, and was reversibly inhibited an average of 19% when measured using a differential respirometer. Exposure to 80% nitrous oxide plus 20% oxygen for up to 10 days caused no measurable effect on cell growth.
Camille Brianne Graves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sex specific variation in the interaction between Distichlis spicata poaceae and mycorrhizal fungi
American Journal of Botany, 2009Co-Authors: Sarah M Eppley, Charlene A Mercer, Christian Haaning, Camille Brianne GravesAbstract:Associations between mycorrhizal fungi and plants can infl uence intraspecifi c competition and shape plant population structure. While variation in plant genotypes is known to affect mycorrhizal colonization in crop systems, little is known about how genotypes affect colonization in natural plant populations or how plant sex might infl uence colonization with mycorrhizal fungi in plant species with dimorphic sexual systems. In this study, we analyzed mycorrhizal colonization in males and females of the wetland dioecious grass Distichlis spicata , which has spatially segregated sexes. Our results suggest that D. spicata males and females interact with mycorrhizal fungi differently. We discuss the implications for the role of this sex-specifi c symbiotic interaction in the maintenance of the within-population sex ratio bias of D. spicata .
Alejandro Fabian Zucol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phytolith analysis of the main species of Distichlis sp chloridoideae poaceae distributed in south america
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019Co-Authors: Alejandro Fabian Zucol, Noelia Isabel Patterer, Eliana Vanesa Moya, Maria Gabriela Fernandez PepiAbstract:Abstract The Saltgrasses are pioneer plants in the early stages of succession in saline soils and constitute particular zonal communities of low species variability. Phytolith assemblage analysis of these species allows a community type to be characterized that consists mainly of species with well-defined environmental adaptations, which are significant because of their paleoecological importance. The aim of the present study is to characterize phytolith assemblages of Distichlis species in South America, emphasizing their leaf morphotypes. Four Distichlis species, mainly of South American distribution, and four chloridoids species from different clades of the subfamily ( Lycurus , Eragrostis , Muhlenbergia and Sporobolus ) were selected for this study. The phytoliths were obtained following Labouriau's calcination technique. Quantitative analysis of the morphotype abundance in the phytolith assemblages studied allowed the three main groups to be distinguished, with the common presence of multicellular phytoliths with long, short, bulliform and subepidermal silicified cells, as well as unicellular phytoliths, such as short narrow saddle, prickles and hairs, polyhedral and long elongate types. Conversely, the exclusive presence of horned towers, short truncated cones, circular/ovoid, papillae trichome, silicified microhairs, and isolated and articulated irregular epidermal cell phytoliths in Monanthochloinae clade species distinguishes them from the Muhlenbergiinae clade species with square/rectangular and subrectangular saddles and acute dumbbells. Eragrostis and Sporobolus species have shown some particular morphotypes (such as hairs with cushions, long truncate cones, dumbbell and dumbbell/saddle). The results not only allowed us to identify the Distichlis species, but also to distinguish them from other grasses, including those in their subfamily; and represent a potential tool to identified halophytes environments outside New World saltgrasses.