The Experts below are selected from a list of 55923 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Albert Costa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Is retrieval-induced forgetting behind the bilingual disadvantage in speech production?
    Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2012
    Co-Authors: Elin Runnqvist, Albert Costa
    Abstract:

    Levy, Mc Veigh, Marful and Andreson (2007) found that naming pictures in L2 impaired subsequent recall of the L1 translation words. This was interpreted as evidence for a domain-general inhibitory mechanism (RIF) underlying first Language attrition. Because this result is at odds with some previous findings and theoretical assumptions, we wanted to assess its reliability and replicate the experiment with various groups. Participants were first shown drawings along with their labels in the non-Dominant Language. Afterwards, they named 75% of these drawings in their first Language or in their non-Dominant Language. Finally, participants' memory of all L1 words was tested through the presentation of a rhyme-cue. Recall of L1 words was better after naming pictures in the non-Dominant Language compared to when the picture was not named at all. This result suggests that speaking a second Language protects rather than harms the memory of our first Language.

  • Is retrieval-induced forgetting behind the bilingual disadvantage in word production?
    Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2011
    Co-Authors: Elin Runnqvist, Albert Costa
    Abstract:

    Levy, Mc Veigh, Marful and Andreson (2007) found that naming pictures in L2 impaired subsequent recall of the L1 translation words. This was interpreted as evidence for a domain-general inhibitory mechanism (RIF) underlying first Language attrition. Because this result is at odds with some previous findings and theoretical assumptions, we wanted to assess its reliability and replicate the experiment with various groups. Participants were first shown drawings along with their labels in the non-Dominant Language. Afterwards, they named 75% of these drawings in their first Language or in their non-Dominant Language. Finally, participants’ memory of all L1 words was tested through the presentation of a rhyme-cue. Recall of L1 words was better after naming pictures in the non-Dominant Language compared to when the picture was not named at all. This result suggests that speaking a second Language protects rather than harms the memory of our first Language.

  • Does bilingualism hamper lexical access in speech production
    Acta psychologica, 2007
    Co-Authors: Iva Ivanova, Albert Costa
    Abstract:

    In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that bilingualism may cause a linguistic disadvantage in lexical access even for bilinguals' first and Dominant Language. To this purpose, we conducted a picture naming experiment comparing the performance of monolinguals and highly-proficient, L1-Dominant bilinguals. The results revealed that monolinguals name pictures faster than bilinguals, both when bilinguals perform picture naming in their first and Dominant Language and when they do so in their weaker second Language. This is the first time it has been demonstrated that bilinguals show a naming disadvantage in their L1 in comparison to monolingual speakers.

  • lexical access in bilingual speech production evidence from Language switching in highly proficient bilinguals and l2 learners
    Journal of Memory and Language, 2004
    Co-Authors: Albert Costa, Mikel Santesteban
    Abstract:

    Abstract Five experiments are reported in which the picture naming performance of bilingual speakers in a Language-switching task was explored. In Experiment 1, Spanish learners of Catalan and Korean learners of Spanish were asked to perform a switching task between their first and Dominant Language (L1, Spanish or Korean) and their second Language (L2, Catalan or Spanish). For these two groups switching from the weaker Language (L2) to the more Dominant Language (L1) was harder than vice versa. This asymmetrical switching cost was not present when highly proficient Spanish–Catalan bilinguals performed the task either in their two Dominant Languages (Experiments 2 and 3) or in their Dominant Language (L1) and in their much weaker Language (L3 English; Experiment 4). Furthermore, highly proficient bilinguals showed faster naming latencies in their weaker Languages (L2 and L3) than in their Dominant Language (L1). Experiment 5 tested whether a bias in the triggering of lexicalization is at the basis of such a difference. Together these results reveal that the switching performance of highly proficient bilinguals does not seem to be subject to the same mechanisms as that of L2 learners.

Robert Schreuder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Producing Words in a Foreign Language: Can Speakers Prevent Interference from Their First Language?.
    Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1998
    Co-Authors: Daan Hermans, Theo Bongaerts, Kees De Bot, Robert Schreuder
    Abstract:

    Two picture-word interference experiments were conducted to investigate whether or not words from a first and more Dominant Language are activated during lexical access in a foreign and less Dominant Language. Native speakers of Dutch were instructed to name pictures in their foreign Language English. Our experiments show that the Dutch name of a picture is activated during initial stages of the process of lexical in English as a foreign Language. We conclude that bilingual speakers cannot suppress activation from their first Language while naming pictures in a foreign Language. The implications for bilingual speech production theories are discussed.

Natalia Meir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Morpho-Syntactic Abilities of Unbalanced Bilingual Children: A Closer Look at the Weaker Language.
    Frontiers in psychology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Natalia Meir
    Abstract:

    Previous studies evaluating morpho-syntactic abilities in the Weaker Language of unbalanced bilingual children are scarce; and they bring inconclusive evidence on the nature of the Weaker Language development. The current study looked into morpho-syntactic profiles of bilingual Russian-Hebrew speaking children in the Weaker Language (the Weaker Heritage Language (HL-Russian) and the Weaker Societal Language (SL-Hebrew)) as compared to balanced bilinguals, unbalanced bilinguals in the Dominant Language and bilinguals with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Four groups of bilingual children aged 5;5-6;5 participated: unbalanced bilinguals with the Weaker HL-Russian and the Dominant SL-Hebrew (HL-weak: n=39), unbalanced bilinguals with the Weaker SL-Hebrew and the Dominant HL-Russian (SL-weak: n=19); balanced bilinguals (BB: n=38), and bilinguals with SLI (biSLI: n=23)). Children`s morpho-syntactic abilities in both Languages were investigated using LITMUS (Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings) Sentence Repetition Tasks (based on Marinis and Armon-Lotem, 2015). Quantitative analysis of morpho-syntactic abilities showed that unbalanced bilinguals scored lower in the Weaker Language as compared to balanced bilinguals and unbalanced bilinguals in the Dominant Language, yet, higher than bilinguals with SLI. Error patterns were similar across bilingual groups with TLD and could be traced to cross-linguistic influence. By contrast, error profiles of unbalanced bilinguals in the Weaker Language and bilinguals with SLI bore fundamental differences. Whereas unbalanced bilinguals in the Weaker Language opted for complex structures, relying on the available resources from the Dominant Language; bilinguals with SLI simplified complex syntactic structures. To conclude, the study shows that the Weaker Language of unbalanced bilinguals with TLD develop qualitatively similarly to the Languages of balanced bilinguals and the Dominant Language in unbalanced bilinguals, albeit delayed or influenced by the Dominant Language to a larger extent. Conversely, the study brings evidence that linguistic profiles of unbalanced bilinguals with TLD in the Weaker Language and bilinguals with SLI differ, pointing at a deviant pattern of acquisition in children with SLI.

Andrei I. Holodny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Infiltration of the basal ganglia by brain tumors is associated with the development of co-Dominant Language function on fMRI.
    Brain and language, 2016
    Co-Authors: Katharina Shaw, Nicole Petrovich Brennan, Kaitlin M. Woo, Zhigang Zhang, Robert J. Young, Kyung K. Peck, Andrei I. Holodny
    Abstract:

    Studies have shown that some patients with left-hemispheric brain tumors have an increased propensity for developing right-sided Language support. However, the precise trigger for establishing co-Dominant Language function in brain tumor patients remains unknown. We analyzed the MR scans of patients with left-hemispheric tumors and either co-Dominant (n=35) or left-hemisphere Dominant (n=35) Language function on fMRI to investigate anatomical factors influencing hemispheric Language dominance. Of eleven neuroanatomical areas evaluated for tumor involvement, the basal ganglia was significantly correlated with co-Dominant Language function (p

  • infiltration of the basal ganglia by brain tumors is associated with the development of co Dominant Language function on fmri
    Brain and Language, 2016
    Co-Authors: Katharina Shaw, Nicole Petrovich Brennan, Kaitlin M. Woo, Zhigang Zhang, Robert J. Young, Kyung K. Peck, Andrei I. Holodny
    Abstract:

    Studies have shown that some patients with left-hemispheric brain tumors have an increased propensity for developing right-sided Language support. However, the precise trigger for establishing co-Dominant Language function in brain tumor patients remains unknown. We analyzed the MR scans of patients with left-hemispheric tumors and either co-Dominant (n=35) or left-hemisphere Dominant (n=35) Language function on fMRI to investigate anatomical factors influencing hemispheric Language dominance. Of eleven neuroanatomical areas evaluated for tumor involvement, the basal ganglia was significantly correlated with co-Dominant Language function (p<0.001). Moreover, among patients whose tumors invaded the basal ganglia, those with Language co-dominance performed significantly better on the Boston Naming Test, a clinical measure of aphasia, compared to their left-lateralized counterparts (56.5 versus 36.5, p=0.025). While further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the basal ganglia in establishing co-dominance, our results suggest that reactive co-dominance may afford a behavioral advantage to patients with left-hemispheric tumors.

Tamar H. Gollan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • What causes the bilingual disadvantage in verbal fluency?: The dual-task analogy
    Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2010
    Co-Authors: Tiffany C. Sandoval, Tamar H. Gollan, Victor S. Ferreira, David P. Salmon
    Abstract:

    We investigated the consequences of bilingualism for verbal fluency by comparing bilinguals to monolinguals, and Dominant versus non-Dominant-Language fluency. In Experiment 1, bilinguals produced fewer correct responses, slower first response times and proportionally delayed retrieval, relative to monolinguals. In Experiment 2, similar results were obtained comparing the Dominant to the non-Dominant Languages within bilinguals. Additionally, bilinguals produced significantly lower-frequency words and a greater proportion of cognate responses than monolinguals, and bilinguals produced more cross-Language intrusion errors when speaking the non-Dominant Language, but almost no such intrusions when speaking the Dominant Language. These results support an analogy between bilingualism and dual-task effects (Rohrer et al., 1995), implying a role for between-Language interference in explaining the bilingual fluency disadvantage, and suggest that bilingual fluency will be maximized under testing conditions that minimize such interference. More generally, the findings suggest a role for selection by competition in Language production, and that such competition is more influential in relatively unconstrained production tasks.

  • Accessibility of the nonDominant Language in picture naming: a counterintuitive effect of dementia on bilingual Language production.
    Neuropsychologia, 2009
    Co-Authors: Tamar H. Gollan, Rosa I. Montoya, David P. Salmon, Eileen Da Pena
    Abstract:

    Abstract The current study tested the assumption that bilinguals with dementia regress to using primarily the Dominant Language. Spanish–English bilinguals with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD; n  = 29), and matched bilingual controls ( n  = 42) named Boston Naming Test pictures in their Dominant and nonDominant Languages. Surprisingly, differences between patients and controls were larger using Dominant-Language than nonDominant-Language naming scores, and bilinguals with AD were either more likely than controls (in English-Dominant bilinguals), or equally likely (in Spanish-Dominant bilinguals), to name some pictures in the nonDominant Language that they could not produce in their Dominant Language. These findings suggest that Dominant Language testing may provide the best assessment of Language deficits in bilingual AD, and argue against the common notion that the nonDominant Language is particularly susceptible to dementia. The greater vulnerability of the Dominant Language may reflect the increased probability of AD affecting richer semantic representations associated with Dominant compared to nonDominant Language names.

  • The bilingual effect on Boston Naming Test performance.
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 2007
    Co-Authors: Tamar H. Gollan, Christine Fennema-notestine, Rosa I. Montoya, Terry L. Jernigan
    Abstract:

    The present study aimed to determine how older bilingual subjects' naming performance is affected by their knowledge of two Languages. Twenty-nine aging (mean age = 74.0; SD = 7.1) Spanish-English bilinguals were asked to name all pictures in the Boston Naming Test (BNT) first in their Dominant Language and then in their less-Dominant Language. Bilinguals with similar naming scores in each Language, or relatively balanced bilinguals, named more pictures correctly when credited for producing a correct name in either Language. Balanced bilinguals also named fewer pictures in their Dominant Language than unbalanced bilinguals, and named more pictures correctly in both Languages if the pictures had cognate names (e.g., dart is dardo in Spanish). Unbalanced bilinguals did not benefit from the alternative (either-Language) scoring procedure and showed cognate effects only in their nonDominant Language. These findings may help to guide the interpretation of neuropsychological data for the purpose of determining cognitive status in older bilinguals and can be used to develop models of bilingual Language processing. Bilinguals' ability to name pictures reflects their experience with word forms in both Languages.