The Experts below are selected from a list of 231 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bridget F. Grant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dsm iv dsm iii r and icd 10 alcohol and drug abuse harmful use and dependence united states 1992 a nosological comparison
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1996Co-Authors: Bridget F. GrantAbstract:This study assessed agreement between DSM-IV, DSM-III-R, and ICD-10 diagnoses of alcohol and drug use disorders using data from a large representative sample of the United States population. Agreement between the three diagnostic systems for dependence was good to excellent for past year, prior to the past year, and lifetime diagnoses, for both genders, each ethnic group, and younger and older respondents. Cross-system comparisons between DSM-IV and DSM-III-R abuse were good to excellent, but concordance was consistently poor when ICD-10 harmful use diagnoses were compared with DSM-IV and DSM-III-R abuse diagnoses. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of the degree to which future research findings could be integrated with one another and the results from earlier studies using older versions of the DSM, to advance scientific knowledge in the drug and alcohol fields.
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1994 Draft DSM‐IV Criteria for Alcohol Use Disorders: Comparison to DSM‐III‐R and Implications
Alcoholism clinical and experimental research, 1994Co-Authors: Deborah S. Hasin, Bridget F. GrantAbstract:In 1994, DSM-IV will be published, with new criteria for alcohol abuse and dependence. Implications of the changes in criteria for alcohol use disorders were investigated by comparing the diagnoses made by the DSM-IV criteria and DSM-III-R criteria. The study was conducted in a sample of 424 patients in an inpatient alcohol rehabilitation unit in the New York metropolitan area. DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria showed similar results and high agreement for any alcohol use disorder (abuse and dependence combined). Alcohol dependence was also consistently diagnosed with DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria. Agreement between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV abuse diagnoses was very low. Compared with DSM-III-R, DSM-IV classified over three times as many patients as alcohol abusers, although those with alcohol dependence still overwhelmingly dominated the sample. With some fluctuations, the results were stable over Black, Hispanic, and White subgroups of patients. The direction of the findings was consistent with results from a national general population survey in that the prevalence of alcohol abuse increased in both studies. However, the clinical results alone would not have suggested the marked changes in relative prevalence of abuse and dependence that occurred in the general population when DSM-IV criteria were used in place of DSM-III-R. Research on diagnostic criteria limited to patient samples omits important information on the implications of changing aspects of the diagnostic criteria. The need for a coherent theory of alcohol abuse is highlighted.
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DSM-III-R and the proposed DSM-IV alcohol use disorders, United States 1988: a nosological comparison.
Alcoholism clinical and experimental research, 1992Co-Authors: Bridget F. Grant, Deborah S. Hasin, Thomas C. Harford, Patricia S. Chou, Roger P. PickeringAbstract:The purpose of the present study was to compare DSM-III-R and the proposed DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse and dependence in a representative sample of the United States general population. Alcohol abuse and dependence diagnostic categories were contrasted in terms of prevalence and overlap. The prevalence of DSM-III-R diagnoses of alcohol abuse and dependence combined (8.63%) was greater than the corresponding DSM-IV diagnoses (6.00%). Disaggregation of abuse and dependence diagnoses showed that the major discrepancy between the classification systems resided between the abuse categories. Reasons for the discrepancies are discussed in terms of differences in the content of the DSM-III-R and DSM-IV abuse categories, in the relationship that each abuse category shares with its respective dependence category, and the impact of the DSM-III-R duration criterion.
Michael Alan Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DSM-III and DSM-III-R: What are American psychiatrists using and why?
Comprehensive psychiatry, 1993Co-Authors: Mark Zimmerman, V. C. Jampala, Frederick S. Sierles, Michael Alan TaylorAbstract:The purpose of this study was to determine whether American psychiatrists have switched from DSM-III to DSM-III-R as their primary diagnostic reference, and to examine what factors predicted the continued use of DSM-III. In 1989, we conducted a mail survey of practicing psychiatrists (N = 454), residency program directors (N = 128), residents (N = 1,331), and researchers (N = 196) regarding their training in, use of, and opinions about DSM-III and DSM-III-R. Approximately 30% of practitioners continued to use DSM-III as their primary diagnostic reference, although this was less frequently true of researchers and residents. In none of the four groups did a majority believe that DSM-III-R was needed, despite the fact that the majority of each group indicated that it was an improvement over DSM-III. The most commonly perceived reasons for publishing DSM-III-R were that it corrected problems with DSM-III and new research indicated changes were warranted. Compared with DSM-III-R users, DSM-III users more frequently believed that the 7-year interval between the two editions was too short, that DSM-III-R was not needed, and that the revised manual was little better than the original. Thus, 2 years after the publication of DSM-III-R 90% of psychiatrists were using DSM-III-R, at least in part, although a substantial minority continued to use DSM-III as their primary diagnostic manual. Even among DSM-III-R users, many believed that the revised manual was not needed. The perceived need for DSM-III-R was associated with the reasons ascribed to its publication; therefore, acceptance of DSM-IV may be partially a function of how its development is promoted and justified. That nearly one third of a random sample of practicing psychiatrists continued to use DSM-III supports concerns that the publication of DSM manuals every 6 or 7 years will divide the psychiatric community into subgroups using different diagnostic criteria.
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DSM-IV: a nosology sold before its time?
American Journal of Psychiatry, 1991Co-Authors: Mark Zimmerman, V. C. Jampala, Frederick S. Sierles, Michael Alan TaylorAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether American psychiatrists believe that DSM-IV is being published too soon after DSM-III-R. METHOD: The authors conducted a mail survey of the attitudes of practicing psychiatrists (N = 454), residency program directors (N = 128), residents (N = 1,331), and researchers (N = 196) toward the scheduled publication of DSM-IV in the early 1990s. RESULTS: They found that the majority of all four groups believed that DSM-IV is being published prematurely. In contrast to respondents who believed that the timing of DSM-IV is appropriate, those who indicated that it is being published too soon had more recently completed their residency training and also believed that DSM-III-R was published prematurely. There was no association between the psychiatrists' responses and their theoretical orientation, Board certification status, ownership of the DSM manuals, the length of time they had used DSM-III, and the diagnostic manual (DSM-III or DSM-III-R) they were currently using. CONCLUSIONS: The belief that DSM-IV is being published too soon could contribute to underuse of DSM-IV by substantial numbers of psychiatrists. Thus, to foster compliance with it, APA must preserve in its efforts to demonstrate that the advantages of publishing it in 1993 outweigh the disadvantages of adopting yet another manual.
Bryna Siegel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pervasive developmental disorders : from DSM-III to DSM-III-R
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1992Co-Authors: Lynn Waterhouse, Robert L. Spitzer, Lorna Wing, Bryna SiegelAbstract:The present paper provides a brief history of the development of the DSM-II-R (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1987) section on Pervasive Developmental Disorders. It describes the process by which the contents of the text and criteria for Autistic Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified were decided and gives the reasons for the changes from DSM-III (APA, 1980) categories and criteria. The paper concludes with a short discussion of critical diagnostic issues.
Kenneth S. Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Correspondence Between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997Co-Authors: Joseph Biederman, Stephen V. Faraone, Wendy Weber, Ronald L. Russell, Michael Rater, Kenneth S. ParkAbstract:Objective To evaluate the correspondence between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV definitions of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in clinically referred children. Results of the field trials led to the hypothesis that there would be a strong correspondence between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV subtypes. Method The sample consisted of all children and adolescents consecutively referred to a pediatric psychopharmacology clinic ( N = 405). Children were comprehensively evaluated with structured diagnostic interviews assessing both DSM-III-R and DSM-IV ADHD. DSM-III-R symptoms were used to approximate DSM-IV subtypes. Kappa statistics and conditional probabilities were used to examine the correspondence between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV ADHD. Results Ninety-three percent of children who received a DSM-III-R diagnosis of ADHD also received a DSM-IV ADHD diagnosis. The K coefficient assessing the agreement between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV ADHD was .73 ( z = 14.6, p DSM-III-R -approximated subtypes and the actual DSM-IV subtypes was .71 ( z = 15, p Conclusion These results confirm previous findings and indicate that the change from DSM-III-R to DSM-IV results in minimal changes in case identification and provides support for diagnostic continuity between the two classification systems.
Bernard Gert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A SEX CAUSED INCONSISTENCY IN DSM-III-R: THE DEFINITION OF MENTAL DISORDER AND THE DEFINITION OF PARAPHILIAS
2016Co-Authors: Bernard GertAbstract:ABSTRACT. The DSM-III-R definition of mental disorder is inconsistent with the DSM-III-R definition of paraphilias. The former requires the suffering or increased risk of suffering some harm while the latter allows that deviance, by itself, is sufficient to classify a behavioral syndrome as a paraphilia. This inconsistency is particularly clear when examining the DSM-III-R account of a specific paraphilia, Transvestic Fetishism. The author defends the DSM-III-R definition of mental disorder and argues that the DSM-III-R definition of paraphilias should be changed. He recommends that the diagnostic criteria for specific paraphilias, particularly that for Transvestic Fetishism, be changed to make them consistent with the DSM-III-R definition of mental disorder. Key Words: diagnoses, disease, paraphilia, philosophy, psychiatry If any proof were needed of the powerful influence that sex has on one's thinking, examination of the inconsistency between the DSM-III-R definition of mental disorder and the DSM-IH-R definition of paraphilias, would provide that proof. The DSM-HI-R definition of mental disorder clearly states that behavioral deviance without suffering some harm or increased risk of harm is not a mental disorder. Although the term 'Sexual Deviation ' has been eliminated as the general name for a subclass of sexual disorders, what has replaced it, 'Paraphilia', is an insignificant improvement. It is claimed that, "The term 'Paraphilia ' is preferable because it correctly emphasizes that the deviation (para) lies in that to which the person is attracted (philia)", (p. 279). It still seems that a sexual deviation is, by itself, regarded as sufficient to label a condition as a mental disorder. The DSM-III-R definition of a mental disorder is a good defini-tion. I shall argue that the best way out of the inconsistenc
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A Sex Caused Inconsistency in DSM-III-R: The Definition of Mental Disorder and the Definition of Paraphilias
The Journal of medicine and philosophy, 1992Co-Authors: Bernard GertAbstract:The DSM-III-R definition of mental disorder is inconsistent with the DSM-III-R definition of paraphilias. The former requires the suffering or increased risk of suffering some harm while the latter allows that deviance, by itself, is sufficient to classify a behavioral syndrome as a paraphilia. This inconsistency is particularly clear when examining the DSM-III-R account of a specific paraphilia, Transvestic Fetishism. The author defends the DSM-III-R definition of mental disorder and argues that the DSM-III-R definition of paraphilias should be changed. He recommends that the diagnostic criteria for specific paraphilias, particularly that for Transvestic Fetishism, be changed to make them consistent with the DSM-III-R definition of mental disorder.
