Ear Malformation

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Levent Sennaroglu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Inner-Ear Malformations as a Cause of Single-Sided Deafness
    Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Emel Tahir, Betul Cicek Cinar, Gonca Sennaroglu, Münir Demir Bajin, Shamkhal Jafarov, Mehtap Yildirim, Levent Sennaroglu
    Abstract:

    Objective To determine the prevalence and distribution of inner-Ear Malformations in congenital single-sided deafness cases, as details of Malformation type are crucial for disease prognosis and management. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 90 patients aged under 16 yEars with congenital single-sided deafness. Radiological findings were evaluated using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Inner-Ear Malformations were identified and cochlEar nerve status was determined in affected Ears. Results Out of 90 Ears, 42 (46.7 per cent) were found to have inner-Ear Malformation. Isolated cochlEar aperture stenosis was the most common anomaly (n = 18, 20 per cent), followed by isolated cochlEar aperture atresia (n = 11, 12.2 per cent) and cochlEar hypoplasia (n = 7, 7.8 per cent). CochlEar nerve deficiency was encountered in 41 Ears (45.6 per cent). The internal auditory canal was also stenotic in 49 Ears (54.4 per cent). Conclusion Inner-Ear Malformations, especially cochlEar aperture anomalies, are involved in the aetiology of single-sided deafness more than expected. The cause of single-sided deafness differs greatly between congenital and adult-onset cases. All children with single-sided deafness should undergo radiological evaluation, as the prognosis and management, as well as the aetiology, may be significantly influenced by inner-Ear Malformation type.

  • Evaluation of objective test techniques in cochlEar implant users with inner Ear Malformations.
    Otology & Neurotology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Betul Cicek Cinar, Gonca Sennaroglu, Ahmet Atas, Levent Sennaroglu
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare results of objective test techniques in cochlEar implant users with inner Ear Malformations and incomplete partition anomalies with types I and II and to show which techniques should be used in the evaluation and fitting of cochlEar implant users with inner Ear Malformations. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. PATIENTS: The subjects in the control group were selected randomly from cochlEar implant users with normal cochlea. Inclusion criteria for patients group were having inner Ear Malformation for the study group and at least 1 yEar cochlEar implants use for both groups. INTERVENTIONS: For each individual subject, electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs), electrically evoked stapedius reflex threshold (ESRT), and electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) thresholds were determined. These tests were applied after a normal cochlEar implant fitting session. There were 20 subjects in inner Ear Malformation group and 15 subjects in the control group. For each subject, 6 intracochlEar electrodes, representing apical, middle, and basal array of intracochlEar electrode, were used. MAIN OUTCOMES: In the cochlEar Malformation group, percentage of acquired ECAP thresholds was 25%. However, in the control group, percentage of ECAP was 74%. Similarly with ECAP, percentage of ESRT in the cochlEar Malformation group was 17.5%, and that in the control group was 90%. The difference between these percentages was statistically significant. Both current levels and latencies of EABR wave V were significantly different from each other for the inner Ear Malformation group and the control group. RESULTS: For statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U test for 2 independent samples, Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Dunn's Z test were used. CONCLUSION: For the inner Ear Malformation group, EABR is a more applicable objective test technique when compared with ECAP and ESRT.

  • a complex tfap2a allele is associated with branchio oculo facial syndrome and inner Ear Malformation in a deaf child
    American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2009
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Tekin, Asli Sirmaci, Berrin Yukselkonuk, Suat Fitoz, Levent Sennaroglu
    Abstract:

    We present a 4-yEar-old girl with congenital profound sensorineural deafness associated with inner Ear Malformation (incomplete partition type II, enlarged vestibule, and enlarged vestibular aqueduct). The proposita also had pseudocleft lips, skin defects, auricle abnormalities, and unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney, leading to the diagnosis of branchio-oculo-facial (BOF) syndrome. Mutation analysis of the TFAP2A gene showed a de novo deletion of 18 and insertion of 6 nucletiodes, resulting in deletion of amino acids LPGARR and insertion of RI between amino acids 276 and 281. Altered amino acids are located within the basic DNA binding and dimerization domains of TFAP2A. Previously reported amino acid substitutions in TFAP2A involved only DNA binding domain in four patients with BOF syndrome who were not reported to have profound sensorineural deafness. Our report implies that the localization of mutations in TFAP2A might be responsible with the phenotypic findings in BOF syndrome. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • A complex TFAP2A allele is associated with branchio‐oculo‐facial syndrome and inner Ear Malformation in a deaf child
    American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2009
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Tekin, Asli Sirmaci, Berrin Yüksel-konuk, Suat Fitoz, Levent Sennaroglu
    Abstract:

    We present a 4-yEar-old girl with congenital profound sensorineural deafness associated with inner Ear Malformation (incomplete partition type II, enlarged vestibule, and enlarged vestibular aqueduct). The proposita also had pseudocleft lips, skin defects, auricle abnormalities, and unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney, leading to the diagnosis of branchio-oculo-facial (BOF) syndrome. Mutation analysis of the TFAP2A gene showed a de novo deletion of 18 and insertion of 6 nucletiodes, resulting in deletion of amino acids LPGARR and insertion of RI between amino acids 276 and 281. Altered amino acids are located within the basic DNA binding and dimerization domains of TFAP2A. Previously reported amino acid substitutions in TFAP2A involved only DNA binding domain in four patients with BOF syndrome who were not reported to have profound sensorineural deafness. Our report implies that the localization of mutations in TFAP2A might be responsible with the phenotypic findings in BOF syndrome. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • slc26a4 mutations are associated with a specific inner Ear Malformation
    International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Suat Fitoz, Filiz Basak Cengiz, Armagan Incesulu, Levent Sennaroglu, Mustafa Tekin
    Abstract:

    Summary Background and aim Inner Ear anomalies have been reported in approximately 30% of children with Early onset deafness. Identification of causative genetic factors in a large proportion of these patients was not successful. Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene have been detected in individuals with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) or Mondini dysplasia. We aimed to characterize the inner Ear anomalies associated with SLC26A4 mutations. Methods The SLC26A4 gene has been screened for mutations in 16 subjects from 14 unrelated Turkish families with a variety of inner Ear anomalies ranging from Michel aplasia to incomplete partition-II and EVA. None of the patients was diagnosed to have a recognizable genetic syndrome. Additional four patients with Pendred syndrome from three families were included. Results Only one patient with EVA was found to have a heterozygous mutation (c.1586delT) in SLC26A4 . All patients with Pendred syndrome had homozygous mutations and were noted to have either EVA or EVA associated with incomplete partition-II on the computed tomography of the temporal bone. Conclusion SLC26A4 mutations are not associated with a large spectrum of inner Ear anomalies. They, instead, result in a specific morphological appEarance consistent with EVA or incomplete partition-II.

Joshua Kuangchao Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • rounded insertion technique for cochlEar implantation surgery to treat cystic inner Ear Malformation
    Laryngoscope, 2019
    Co-Authors: Haochun Hu, William Kuanhua Chen, Meijui Huang, Joshua Kuangchao Chen
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: This article outlines the advantages and applicability of the rounded insertion technique of cochlEar implants in patients with cystic inner Ear Malformation. This technique enables the insertion of the maximum number of electrodes and prevents the unwanted entry of electrodes into the internal auditory canal. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with cochlEar hypoplasia (CH) and/or common cavity (CC) who underwent CI (cochlEar implantation) via rounded insertion technique. The position of the electrode array in each patient was confirmed postoperatively via X-ray, and the number of functional electrodes was confirmed during the mapping process. RESULTS: This study included five male and two female patients (median age: 3 yEars; age range: 2-7 yEars). Among the seven patients, four received a cochlEar implant on the right side, one on the left side, and two bilaterally. Of the nine Ears, six were cases of CH, and three were CC. All cochlEar implant surgeries via rounded insertion technique were completed without complications. The maximum number of electrode contacts with fair function in the cystic cochlea was confirmed via postoperative X-ray and the subsequent mapping process. CONCLUSION: This consecutive series of patients demonstrated the safety and reliability of rounded insertion technique for CI in patients with CH and/or CC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2019.

  • rounded insertion technique for cochlEar implantation surgery to treat cystic inner Ear Malformation
    Laryngoscope, 2019
    Co-Authors: Haochun Hu, William Kuanhua Chen, Meijui Huang, Joshua Kuangchao Chen
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: This article outlines the advantages and applicability of the rounded insertion technique of cochlEar implants in patients with cystic inner Ear Malformation. This technique enables the insertion of the maximum number of electrodes and prevents the unwanted entry of electrodes into the internal auditory canal. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with cochlEar hypoplasia (CH) and/or common cavity (CC) who underwent CI (cochlEar implantation) via rounded insertion technique. The position of the electrode array in each patient was confirmed postoperatively via X-ray, and the number of functional electrodes was confirmed during the mapping process. RESULTS: This study included five male and two female patients (median age: 3 yEars; age range: 2-7 yEars). Among the seven patients, four received a cochlEar implant on the right side, one on the left side, and two bilaterally. Of the nine Ears, six were cases of CH, and three were CC. All cochlEar implant surgeries via rounded insertion technique were completed without complications. The maximum number of electrode contacts with fair function in the cystic cochlea was confirmed via postoperative X-ray and the subsequent mapping process. CONCLUSION: This consecutive series of patients demonstrated the safety and reliability of rounded insertion technique for CI in patients with CH and/or CC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2019.

Mustafa Tekin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a complex tfap2a allele is associated with branchio oculo facial syndrome and inner Ear Malformation in a deaf child
    American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2009
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Tekin, Asli Sirmaci, Berrin Yukselkonuk, Suat Fitoz, Levent Sennaroglu
    Abstract:

    We present a 4-yEar-old girl with congenital profound sensorineural deafness associated with inner Ear Malformation (incomplete partition type II, enlarged vestibule, and enlarged vestibular aqueduct). The proposita also had pseudocleft lips, skin defects, auricle abnormalities, and unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney, leading to the diagnosis of branchio-oculo-facial (BOF) syndrome. Mutation analysis of the TFAP2A gene showed a de novo deletion of 18 and insertion of 6 nucletiodes, resulting in deletion of amino acids LPGARR and insertion of RI between amino acids 276 and 281. Altered amino acids are located within the basic DNA binding and dimerization domains of TFAP2A. Previously reported amino acid substitutions in TFAP2A involved only DNA binding domain in four patients with BOF syndrome who were not reported to have profound sensorineural deafness. Our report implies that the localization of mutations in TFAP2A might be responsible with the phenotypic findings in BOF syndrome. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • A complex TFAP2A allele is associated with branchio‐oculo‐facial syndrome and inner Ear Malformation in a deaf child
    American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2009
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Tekin, Asli Sirmaci, Berrin Yüksel-konuk, Suat Fitoz, Levent Sennaroglu
    Abstract:

    We present a 4-yEar-old girl with congenital profound sensorineural deafness associated with inner Ear Malformation (incomplete partition type II, enlarged vestibule, and enlarged vestibular aqueduct). The proposita also had pseudocleft lips, skin defects, auricle abnormalities, and unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney, leading to the diagnosis of branchio-oculo-facial (BOF) syndrome. Mutation analysis of the TFAP2A gene showed a de novo deletion of 18 and insertion of 6 nucletiodes, resulting in deletion of amino acids LPGARR and insertion of RI between amino acids 276 and 281. Altered amino acids are located within the basic DNA binding and dimerization domains of TFAP2A. Previously reported amino acid substitutions in TFAP2A involved only DNA binding domain in four patients with BOF syndrome who were not reported to have profound sensorineural deafness. Our report implies that the localization of mutations in TFAP2A might be responsible with the phenotypic findings in BOF syndrome. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • slc26a4 mutations are associated with a specific inner Ear Malformation
    International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Suat Fitoz, Filiz Basak Cengiz, Armagan Incesulu, Levent Sennaroglu, Mustafa Tekin
    Abstract:

    Summary Background and aim Inner Ear anomalies have been reported in approximately 30% of children with Early onset deafness. Identification of causative genetic factors in a large proportion of these patients was not successful. Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene have been detected in individuals with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) or Mondini dysplasia. We aimed to characterize the inner Ear anomalies associated with SLC26A4 mutations. Methods The SLC26A4 gene has been screened for mutations in 16 subjects from 14 unrelated Turkish families with a variety of inner Ear anomalies ranging from Michel aplasia to incomplete partition-II and EVA. None of the patients was diagnosed to have a recognizable genetic syndrome. Additional four patients with Pendred syndrome from three families were included. Results Only one patient with EVA was found to have a heterozygous mutation (c.1586delT) in SLC26A4 . All patients with Pendred syndrome had homozygous mutations and were noted to have either EVA or EVA associated with incomplete partition-II on the computed tomography of the temporal bone. Conclusion SLC26A4 mutations are not associated with a large spectrum of inner Ear anomalies. They, instead, result in a specific morphological appEarance consistent with EVA or incomplete partition-II.

  • slc26a4 mutations are associated with a specific inner Ear Malformation
    International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Suat Fitoz, Filiz Basak Cengiz, Armagan Incesulu, Levent Sennaroglu, Mustafa Tekin
    Abstract:

    Summary Background and aim Inner Ear anomalies have been reported in approximately 30% of children with Early onset deafness. Identification of causative genetic factors in a large proportion of these patients was not successful. Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene have been detected in individuals with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) or Mondini dysplasia. We aimed to characterize the inner Ear anomalies associated with SLC26A4 mutations. Methods The SLC26A4 gene has been screened for mutations in 16 subjects from 14 unrelated Turkish families with a variety of inner Ear anomalies ranging from Michel aplasia to incomplete partition-II and EVA. None of the patients was diagnosed to have a recognizable genetic syndrome. Additional four patients with Pendred syndrome from three families were included. Results Only one patient with EVA was found to have a heterozygous mutation (c.1586delT) in SLC26A4 . All patients with Pendred syndrome had homozygous mutations and were noted to have either EVA or EVA associated with incomplete partition-II on the computed tomography of the temporal bone. Conclusion SLC26A4 mutations are not associated with a large spectrum of inner Ear anomalies. They, instead, result in a specific morphological appEarance consistent with EVA or incomplete partition-II.

Yongxin Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • simultaneous repair of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and cochlEar implantation in two patients with recurrent meningitis and severe inner Ear Malformation
    International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Biao Chen, Jingyuan Chen, Yue Gong, Yongxin Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objectives To investigate the outcomes of simultaneous cochlEar implantation and repair of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in two patients with inner Ear Malformations following meningitis. Methods In this retrospective study and review of the literature, two patients with recurrent meningitis and severe inner Ear Malformation underwent cochlEar implantation via the round window, and repair of CSF otorrhea via a transmastoid lateral semicircular canal approach. Both patients were treated with antibiotics for 7 days after the surgery. Results Neither patient has exhibited evidence of CSF otorrhea 1 yEar after surgical repair. Categorical Auditory Performance (CAP) scores and the Speech Intelligibility Ratings (SIRs) were obtained before and 1 yEar after surgery: the scores were 0 versus 4 and 0 versus 2, respectively. Vestibular function tests of both patients were reviewed and were normal. Conclusion Simultaneous repair of CSF otorrhea and cochlEar implantation in patients with recurrent meningitis and severe inner Ear Malformation can be regarded as safe and effective.

  • cochlEar implants for patients with inner Ear Malformation experience in a cohort of 877 surgeries
    Clinical Otolaryngology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yongxin Li, Yue Gong, Biao Chen, Jingyuan Chen
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To analyse clinical information from a cohort of 877 cochlEar implant (CI) surgeries performed in patients with inner Ear Malformations and report our experience with this procedure. METHODS: Clinical information on patients with inner Ear Malformation who underwent CI surgery in our department from January 2010 to April 2017 was analysed. RESULTS: Seven hundred and fifty-four CI surgeries (86.0%) were uneventful but cerebrospinal fluid gusher occurred during surgery in 118 cases (13.5%). Not including the patients lost to follow-up, postoperative Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) scores were collected from 13 patients with common cavity deformity, 38 with IP-I, 11 with hypoplasia, 13 with IP-III, 285 with IP-II and 43 with cochlEar nerve deficiency. The mean CAP scores were 2.55, 3.39, 3.45, 3.77, 3.98, 2.95 and 2.90, and the mean SIR scores were 1.54, 3.68, 3.72, 3.54, 3.80, 2.31 and 2.32. Patients with common cavity deformity who underwent surgery using the traditional facial recess approach or transmastoid slotted labyrinthotomy approach had significantly better post-activation scores on the CAP, SIR and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale/Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, with no significant differences between the two approaches. CONCLUSION: The traditional facial recess approach can be successful, and several approaches may be used for electrode insertion and gusher control in patients with a severe deformity, particularly common cavity deformity and IP-III. A gusher was the most common intraoperative finding and occurred most often in patients with IP-III. Careful consideration of the type of electrode used is important.

  • CochlEar implants for patients with inner Ear Malformation: Experience in a cohort of 877 surgeries.
    Clinical Otolaryngology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yongxin Li, Yue Gong, Biao Chen, Jingyuan Chen
    Abstract:

    To analyse clinical information from a cohort of 877 cochlEar implant (CI) surgeries performed in patients with inner Ear Malformations and report our experience with this procedure. Clinical information on patients with inner Ear Malformation who underwent CI surgery in our department from January 2010 to April 2017 was analysed. Seven hundred and fifty-four CI surgeries (86.0%) were uneventful but cerebrospinal fluid gusher occurred during surgery in 118 cases (13.5%). Not including the patients lost to follow-up, postoperative Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) scores were collected from 13 patients with common cavity deformity, 38 with IP-I, 11 with hypoplasia, 13 with IP-III, 285 with IP-II and 43 with cochlEar nerve deficiency. The mean CAP scores were 2.55, 3.39, 3.45, 3.77, 3.98, 2.95 and 2.90, and the mean SIR scores were 1.54, 3.68, 3.72, 3.54, 3.80, 2.31 and 2.32. Patients with common cavity deformity who underwent surgery using the traditional facial recess approach or transmastoid slotted labyrinthotomy approach had significantly better post-activation scores on the CAP, SIR and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale/Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, with no significant differences between the two approaches. The traditional facial recess approach can be successful, and several approaches may be used for electrode insertion and gusher control in patients with a severe deformity, particularly common cavity deformity and IP-III. A gusher was the most common intraoperative finding and occurred most often in patients with IP-III. Careful consideration of the type of electrode used is important. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  • long term outcomes of a transmastoid lateral semicircular canal approach to congenital csf otorrhea in children associated with recurrent meningitis and severe inner Ear Malformation
    International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jie Wang, Yongxin Li, Shubin Chen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective To investigate the long-term effectiveness of transmastoid lateral semicircular canal approach (TMLSCCA) to repair cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage in children associated with recurrent meningitis and severe congenital inner Malformation. Method A retrospective study was conducted in a university hospital, academic medical center. Fifteen children with recurrent meningitis, secondary to severe congenital inner Ear Malformation, were included in the study. All of them had CSF associated otorrhea and treated using TLSCCA to repair CSF otorrhea by packing the vestibule with muscle and fascia. Observation of the status of postoperative CSF leakage, recurrence of meningitis and complication were conducted. Results None of the cases had recurrent meningitis and CSF leakage after their TLSCCA procedure in the follow-up period of 1–8.5 yEars. One case presented with transient facial nerve paralysis and completely recovered 3 months later. Conclusion TLSCCA for CSF otorrhea in children with recurrent meningitis secondary to congenital inner Ear Malformation is an alternative approach that offers some advantages.

Haochun Hu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • rounded insertion technique for cochlEar implantation surgery to treat cystic inner Ear Malformation
    Laryngoscope, 2019
    Co-Authors: Haochun Hu, William Kuanhua Chen, Meijui Huang, Joshua Kuangchao Chen
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: This article outlines the advantages and applicability of the rounded insertion technique of cochlEar implants in patients with cystic inner Ear Malformation. This technique enables the insertion of the maximum number of electrodes and prevents the unwanted entry of electrodes into the internal auditory canal. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with cochlEar hypoplasia (CH) and/or common cavity (CC) who underwent CI (cochlEar implantation) via rounded insertion technique. The position of the electrode array in each patient was confirmed postoperatively via X-ray, and the number of functional electrodes was confirmed during the mapping process. RESULTS: This study included five male and two female patients (median age: 3 yEars; age range: 2-7 yEars). Among the seven patients, four received a cochlEar implant on the right side, one on the left side, and two bilaterally. Of the nine Ears, six were cases of CH, and three were CC. All cochlEar implant surgeries via rounded insertion technique were completed without complications. The maximum number of electrode contacts with fair function in the cystic cochlea was confirmed via postoperative X-ray and the subsequent mapping process. CONCLUSION: This consecutive series of patients demonstrated the safety and reliability of rounded insertion technique for CI in patients with CH and/or CC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2019.

  • rounded insertion technique for cochlEar implantation surgery to treat cystic inner Ear Malformation
    Laryngoscope, 2019
    Co-Authors: Haochun Hu, William Kuanhua Chen, Meijui Huang, Joshua Kuangchao Chen
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: This article outlines the advantages and applicability of the rounded insertion technique of cochlEar implants in patients with cystic inner Ear Malformation. This technique enables the insertion of the maximum number of electrodes and prevents the unwanted entry of electrodes into the internal auditory canal. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with cochlEar hypoplasia (CH) and/or common cavity (CC) who underwent CI (cochlEar implantation) via rounded insertion technique. The position of the electrode array in each patient was confirmed postoperatively via X-ray, and the number of functional electrodes was confirmed during the mapping process. RESULTS: This study included five male and two female patients (median age: 3 yEars; age range: 2-7 yEars). Among the seven patients, four received a cochlEar implant on the right side, one on the left side, and two bilaterally. Of the nine Ears, six were cases of CH, and three were CC. All cochlEar implant surgeries via rounded insertion technique were completed without complications. The maximum number of electrode contacts with fair function in the cystic cochlea was confirmed via postoperative X-ray and the subsequent mapping process. CONCLUSION: This consecutive series of patients demonstrated the safety and reliability of rounded insertion technique for CI in patients with CH and/or CC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2019.