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Odile Devergne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Human neutrophils activated by TLR8 agonists, with or without IFNγ, synthesize and release EBI3, but not IL-12, IL-27, IL-35, or IL-39.
Journal of leukocyte biology, 2020Co-Authors: Marco A. Cassatella, Odile Devergne, Frédérique Larousserie, Elisa Gardiman, Fabio Arruda-silva, Francisco Bianchetto-aguilera, Sara Gasperini, Mattia Bugatti, William Vermi, Nicola TamassiaAbstract:The IL-12 family of cytokines plays crucial functions in innate and adaptive immunity. These cytokines include heterodimers sharing distinct α (IL-12A, IL-23A, and IL-27A) with two β (IL-12B and Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 [EBI3]) chains, respectively, IL-12 (IL-12B plus IL-12A) and IL-23 (IL-12B plus IL-23A) sharing IL-12B, IL-27 (EBI3 plus IL-27A), IL-35 (EBI3 plus IL-12A), and IL-39 (EBI3 plus IL-23A) sharing EBI3. In this context, we have recently reported that highly pure neutrophils incubated with TLR8 agonists produce functional IL-23. Previously, we showed that neutrophils incubated with LPS plus IFNγ for 20 h produce IL-12. Herein, we investigated whether highly pure, TLR8-activated, neutrophils produce EBI3, and in turn IL-27, IL-35, and IL-39, the IL-12 members containing it. We report that neutrophils incubated with TLR8 ligands, TNFα and, to a lesser extent, LPS, produce and release remarkable amounts of EBI3, but not IL-27A, consequently excluding the possibility for an IL-27 production. We also report a series of unsuccessful experiments performed to investigate whether neutrophil-derived EBI3 associates with IL-23A to form IL-39. Furthermore, we show that neutrophils incubated with IFNγ in combination with either TLR8 or TLR4 ligands express/produce neither IL-12, nor IL-35, due to the inability of IFNγ, contrary to previous findings, to activate IL12A transcription. Even IL-27 was undetectable in supernatants harvested from IFNγ plus R848-treated neutrophils, although they were found to accumulate IL27A transcripts. Finally, by immunohistochemistry experiments, EBI3-positive neutrophils were found in discrete pathologies only, including diverticulitis, cholecystitis, Gorham disease, and Bartonella Henselae infection, implying a specific role of neutrophil-derived EBI3 in vivo.
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Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene 3 (EBI3): A Novel Diagnosis Marker in Burkitt Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
PloS one, 2011Co-Authors: Julie Gonin, Frédérique Larousserie, Nicole Brousse, Christian Bastard, Jean-michel Picquenot, Jérôme Couturier, Isabelle Radford-weiss, Céline Dietrich, Marie-cécile Vacher-lavenu, Odile DevergneAbstract:The distinction between Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), two types of mature aggressive B-cell lymphomas that require distinct treatments, can be difficult because of forms showing features intermediate between DLBCL and BL (here called BL/DLBCL). They can be discriminated by the presence of c-myc translocations characteristic of BL. However, these are not exclusive of BL and when present in DLBCL are associated with lower survival. In this study, we show that Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is differentially expressed among BL and DLBCL. Analysis of gene expression data from 502 cases of aggressive mature B-cell lymphomas available on Gene Expression Omnibus and immunohistochemical analysis of 184 cases of BL, BL/DLBCL or DLBCL, showed that EBI3 was not expressed in EBV-positive or -negative BL cases, whereas it was expressed by over 30% of tumoral cells in nearly 80% of DLBCL cases, independently of their subtypes. In addition, we show that c-myc overexpression represses EBI3 expression, and that DLBCL or BL/DLBCL cases with c-myc translocations have lower expression of EBI3. Thus, EBI3 immunohistochemistry could be useful to discriminate BL from DLBCL, and to identify cases of BL/DLBCL or DLBCL with potential c-myc translocations.
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Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene-3 Is Expressed in Human Atheroma Plaques
The American journal of pathology, 2009Co-Authors: Sybille Kempe, Odile Devergne, Philipp Heinz, Enikö Kokai, Nikolaus Marx, Thomas WirthAbstract:Atherosclerosis is characterized by a complex immune response in the vessel wall, involving both inflammation and autoimmune processes. Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is a member of the interleukin (IL)-12 heterodimeric cytokine family, which has important immunomodulatory functions. To date, little is known about the role of EBI3 in vascular disease. We examined the expression of EBI3 in human atheromatous lesions and analyzed its transcriptional regulation in vascular cells. The in situ expression of EBI3 in human endarterectomy specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In these lesions, smooth muscle cells expressed EBI3 as well as the IL-27α/p28 and IL-12α/p35 subunits. Primary aortic smooth muscle cells up-regulated EBI3 in response to proinflammatory stimuli like tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ. Interestingly, pretreatment of these cells with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist rosiglitazone strongly reduced EBI3 induction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that this inhibition is due to interference with p65/RelA recruitment to the EBI3 promoter. Our data support a possible role of EBI3 in atherogenesis either as homodimer or as IL-27/IL-35 heterodimer, and suggest that EBI3 could be an interesting target for therapeutic manipulation in atherosclerosis.
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Human CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells do not constitutively express IL-35.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore Md. : 1950), 2008Co-Authors: Emilie Bardel, Aurore Coulomb-l'hermine, Frédérique Larousserie, Pascaline Charlot-rabiega, Odile DevergneAbstract:EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3) can associate with p28 to form the heterodimeric cytokine IL-27, or with the p35 subunit of IL-12 to form the EBI3/p35 heterodimer, recently named IL-35. In mice, IL-35 has been shown to be constitutively expressed by CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and suggested to contribute to their suppressive activity. In this study, we investigated whether human Treg cells express IL-35. Double-staining analysis of human thymuses showed that neither Foxp3(+) nor CD25(+) cells coexpressed EBI3. Similarly, Foxp3(+) cells present in human lymph nodes, tonsils, spleens, and intestines did not express EBI3. Consistent with these in situ observations, Treg cells purified from blood or tonsils were negative for EBI3 by immunoblotting. Other human T cell subsets, including effector T cells, naive and memory CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) and gammadelta T cells also did not constitutively express EBI3, which contrasts with IL-35 expression observed in murine CD8(+) and gammadelta T cells. Furthermore, although CD3/CD28 stimulation consistently induced low levels of EBI3 in various CD4(+) T cell subsets, no EBI3 could be detected in CD3/CD28-stimulated Treg cells. RT-PCR analysis showed that, whereas p35 transcripts were detected in both Teff and Treg cells, EBI3 transcripts were detected only in activated Teff cells, but not in resting or activated Treg cells. Thus, in contrast to their murine counterpart, human Treg cells do not express detectable amounts of IL-35.
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Variable expression of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 during normal B-cell differentiation and among B-cell lymphomas.
The Journal of pathology, 2006Co-Authors: Frédérique Larousserie, Emilie Bardel, A Coulomb L'herminé, D Canioni, Nicole Brousse, Robert A. Kastelein, Odile DevergneAbstract:Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is expressed by tumour cells in several EBV-associated malignancies. EBI3 was recently found to associate with a novel peptide, p28, to form a new heterodimeric cytokine, called interleukin-27. In this study, we investigated EBI3 and p28 expression in normal human B lymphocytes and in non-EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas. Low levels of EBI3 were detected in purified tonsillar B cells and expression was upregulated upon anti-CD40 or anti-µ stimulation via NF-κB activation. In non-neoplastic tissues, EBI3 expression by lymphocytes was largely restricted to a subset of germinal centre (GC) B cells located at the margin of the light zone, in close contact with CD3+ T lymphocytes. Over 50% of EBI3+ GC B cells were engaged in cell proliferation as assessed by Ki67 expression, and 10–30% expressed MUM1, an early marker of plasma cell differentiation expressed by late centrocytes. Many EBI3+ GC B cells had downregulated bcl-6 expression, which further suggests that these cells correspond to late CD40-activated centrocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis of 64 B-cell lymphomas showed that the highest EBI3 levels were detected in follicular lymphomas and in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of both GC B-cell-like or non-GC B-cell-like types. No or rare p28 expression was detected in normal or tumour B cells. This constitutive expression of EBI3 by neoplastic B cells may be involved in lymphomagenesis, and may be a useful marker for lymphoma diagnosis. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glen M. Scholz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mek erk signaling diametrically controls the stimulation of il 23p19 and EBI3 expression in epithelial cells by il 36γ
Immunology and Cell Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Glen M. Scholz, Jacqueline E. Heath, Katrina A Walsh, Eric C. ReynoldsAbstract:Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are important regulators of mucosal homeostasis and inflammation. We previously established that oral epithelial cells strongly upregulate IL-36γ expression in response to the bacterial pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Here, we have established that IL-36γ stimulates the expression of the IL-12 cytokine family members, IL-23p19 and Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene 3 (EBI3), by oral epithelial cells; their expression was also selectively stimulated by IL-36α. Notably, IL-23p19 and EBI3 expression was not stimulated by P. gingivalis, thus suggesting that their expression by the oral epithelium in response to P. gingivalis is likely to be mediated in an autocrine manner by IL-36γ. The IL-36γ-inducible expression of IL-23p19 and EBI3 was found to be diametrically regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, whereby the activation of MEK-ERK signaling likely functions as a negative feedback mechanism to limit EBI3 expression. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, which is important for mucosal homeostasis, was demonstrated to modulate, in a MEK-ERK-dependent manner, the stimulation of IL-23p19 and EBI3 expression by IL-36γ. IL-23p19 and EBI3 have recently been shown to heterodimerize to form the novel cytokine IL-39 and promote neutrophil expansion. EBI3 has been shown to also have IL-12 cytokine family independent functions (e.g. mediating IL-6 trans-signaling). Thus, this study not only advances our understanding of how IL-36 cytokines may control mucosal inflammation, but also establishes EGFR signaling as a potentially important modulator of IL-36 cytokine function.
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MEK‐ERK signaling diametrically controls the stimulation of IL‐23p19 and EBI3 expression in epithelial cells by IL‐36γ
Immunology and cell biology, 2018Co-Authors: Glen M. Scholz, Jacqueline E. Heath, Katrina A Walsh, Eric C. ReynoldsAbstract:Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are important regulators of mucosal homeostasis and inflammation. We previously established that oral epithelial cells strongly upregulate IL-36γ expression in response to the bacterial pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Here, we have established that IL-36γ stimulates the expression of the IL-12 cytokine family members, IL-23p19 and Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene 3 (EBI3), by oral epithelial cells; their expression was also selectively stimulated by IL-36α. Notably, IL-23p19 and EBI3 expression was not stimulated by P. gingivalis, thus suggesting that their expression by the oral epithelium in response to P. gingivalis is likely to be mediated in an autocrine manner by IL-36γ. The IL-36γ-inducible expression of IL-23p19 and EBI3 was found to be diametrically regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, whereby the activation of MEK-ERK signaling likely functions as a negative feedback mechanism to limit EBI3 expression. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, which is important for mucosal homeostasis, was demonstrated to modulate, in a MEK-ERK-dependent manner, the stimulation of IL-23p19 and EBI3 expression by IL-36γ. IL-23p19 and EBI3 have recently been shown to heterodimerize to form the novel cytokine IL-39 and promote neutrophil expansion. EBI3 has been shown to also have IL-12 cytokine family independent functions (e.g. mediating IL-6 trans-signaling). Thus, this study not only advances our understanding of how IL-36 cytokines may control mucosal inflammation, but also establishes EGFR signaling as a potentially important modulator of IL-36 cytokine function.
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tlr3 drives irf6 dependent il 23p19 expression and p19 EBI3 heterodimer formation in keratinocytes
Immunology and Cell Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Divya Ramnath, Kathryn A. Tunny, Daniel M. Hohenhaus, Claire M Pitts, Anne-sophie Bergot, John A. Hamilton, Ronan Kapetanovic, Richard A. Sturm, Mark P Hogarth, Glen M. ScholzAbstract:Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family members impart cell-type specificity to toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, and we recently identified a role for IRF6 in TLR2 signalling in epithelial cells. TLR3 has a well-characterized role in wound healing in the skin, and here, we examined TLR3-dependent IRF6 functions in human keratinocytes. Primary keratinocytes responded robustly to the TLR3 agonist poly(IC) with upregulation of mRNAs for interferon-β (IFN-β), the interleukin-12 (IL-12) family member IL-23p19 and the chemokines IL-8 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5). Silencing of IRF6 expression enhanced poly(IC)-inducible IFN-β mRNA levels and inhibited poly(IC)-inducible IL-23p19 mRNA expression in primary keratinocytes. Consistent with these data, co-transfection of IRF6 increased poly(IC)-inducible IL-23p19 promoter activity, but inhibited poly(IC)-inducible IFN-β promoter activity in reporter assays. Surprisingly, poly(IC) did not regulate IL-12p40 expression in keratinocytes, suggesting that TLR3-inducible IL-23p19 may have an IL-23-independent function in these cells. The only other IL-12 family member that was strongly poly(IC) inducible was EBI3, which has not been shown to heterodimerize with IL-23p19. Both co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays revealed that IL-23p19 and EBI3 interact in cells. Co-expression of IL-23p19 and EBI3, as compared with IL-23p19 alone, resulted in increased levels of secreted IL-23p19, implying a functional role for this heterodimer. In summary, we report that IRF6 regulates a subset of TLR3 responses in human keratinocytes, including the production of a novel IL-12 family heterodimer (p19/EBI3). We propose that the TLR3-IRF6-p19/EBI3 axis may regulate keratinocyte and/or immune cell functions in the context of cell damage and wound healing in the skin.
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TLR3 drives IRF6-dependent IL-23p19 expression and p19/EBI3 heterodimer formation in keratinocytes
Immunology and cell biology, 2015Co-Authors: Divya Ramnath, Kathryn A. Tunny, Daniel M. Hohenhaus, Claire M Pitts, Anne-sophie Bergot, P. Mark Hogarth, John A. Hamilton, Ronan Kapetanovic, Richard A. Sturm, Glen M. ScholzAbstract:Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family members impart cell-type specificity to toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, and we recently identified a role for IRF6 in TLR2 signalling in epithelial cells. TLR3 has a well-characterized role in wound healing in the skin, and here, we examined TLR3-dependent IRF6 functions in human keratinocytes. Primary keratinocytes responded robustly to the TLR3 agonist poly(IC) with upregulation of mRNAs for interferon-β (IFN-β), the interleukin-12 (IL-12) family member IL-23p19 and the chemokines IL-8 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5). Silencing of IRF6 expression enhanced poly(IC)-inducible IFN-β mRNA levels and inhibited poly(IC)-inducible IL-23p19 mRNA expression in primary keratinocytes. Consistent with these data, co-transfection of IRF6 increased poly(IC)-inducible IL-23p19 promoter activity, but inhibited poly(IC)-inducible IFN-β promoter activity in reporter assays. Surprisingly, poly(IC) did not regulate IL-12p40 expression in keratinocytes, suggesting that TLR3-inducible IL-23p19 may have an IL-23-independent function in these cells. The only other IL-12 family member that was strongly poly(IC) inducible was EBI3, which has not been shown to heterodimerize with IL-23p19. Both co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays revealed that IL-23p19 and EBI3 interact in cells. Co-expression of IL-23p19 and EBI3, as compared with IL-23p19 alone, resulted in increased levels of secreted IL-23p19, implying a functional role for this heterodimer. In summary, we report that IRF6 regulates a subset of TLR3 responses in human keratinocytes, including the production of a novel IL-12 family heterodimer (p19/EBI3). We propose that the TLR3-IRF6-p19/EBI3 axis may regulate keratinocyte and/or immune cell functions in the context of cell damage and wound healing in the skin.
Mark Birkenbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EBV-Induced Gene 3 Transcription Is Induced by TLR Signaling in Primary Dendritic Cells via NF-κB Activation
Journal of immunology (Baltimore Md. : 1950), 2005Co-Authors: Stefan Wirtz, Richard S Blumberg, Peter R Galle, Edward E S Nieuwenhuis, Mark Birkenbach, Christoph Becker, Massimo Fantini, Ingrid Tubbe, Hans Schild, Markus F. NeurathAbstract:The EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) and part of the cytokine IL-27 that controls Th cell development. However, its regulated expression in DCs is poorly understood. In the present study we demonstrate that EBI3 is expressed in splenic CD8−, CD8+, and plasmacytoid DC subsets and is induced upon TLR signaling. Cloning and functional analysis of the EBI3 promoter using in vivo footprinting and mutagenesis showed that stimulation via TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 transactivated the promoter in primary DCs via NF-κB and Ets binding sites at −90 and −73 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site, respectively. Furthermore, we observed that NF-κB p50/p65 and PU.1 were sufficient to transactivate the EBI3 promoter in EBI3-deficient 293 cells. Finally, induced EBI3 gene expression in DCs was reduced or abrogated in TLR-2/TLR4, TLR9, and MyD88 knockout mice, whereas both basal and inducible EBI3 mRNA levels in DCs were strongly suppressed in NF-κB p50-deficient mice. In summary, these data suggest that EBI3 expression in DCs is transcriptionally regulated by TLR signaling via MyD88 and NF-κB. Thus, EBI3 gene transcription in DCs is induced rapidly by TLR signaling during innate immune responses preceding cytokine driven Th cell development.
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Impaired Th1 responses in mice deficient in Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 and challenged with physiological doses of Leishmania major.
European journal of immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Sabine Zahn, Stefan Wirtz, Richard S Blumberg, Markus F. Neurath, Mark Birkenbach, Esther Von StebutAbstract:Protection against Leishmania major is dependent on IL-12 release from L. major-infected dendritic cells (DC) that induce IFN-γ-producing Th1/Tc1 cells. IL-27, a novel member of the IL-12 family, is a heterodimer composed of p28 and IL-12p40-related Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), and was shown to be produced by DC. In this study, we utilized EBI3-deficient mice to investigate the role of IL-27 in leishmaniasis using physiological low-dose infections that mimic natural transmissions. Lesions in EBI3–/– mice were significantly larger between weeks 3 and 10 post infection, reaching up to approximately threefold increased lesion volumes compared to wild types. In parallel, dermal lesions of EBI3–/– mice contained greater parasite numbers, reaching a peak load that was 2-log higher than in C57BL/6 mice. However, lesions in EBI3–/– and wild-type mice resolved after 12 weeks. At early time points, the antigen-specific cytokine response in EBI3–/– lymph nodes showed increased levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 and decreased IFN-γ production. IL-27 production was restricted to the DC population, since the majority of EBI3 expression in lymph nodes of infected mice was found in CD11c+ cells. In conclusion, our data show that DC-derived IL-27 is critical for the timely initiation of efficient anti-parasite Th1 immunity early in infections.
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Expression of Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene 3 and other interleukin-12-related molecules by human intestinal epithelium
Immunology, 2004Co-Authors: Christian Maaser, Mark Birkenbach, Laurence J. Egan, Lars Eckmann, Martin F. KagnoffAbstract:Antigen-presenting cells, including dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages, produce members of the interleukin-12 (IL-12) family that are important in initiating and maintaining cell-mediated immune responses. These include IL-12p35 and p19 that dimerize with IL-12p40 to form IL-12 (also termed IL-12p75) and IL-23, respectively, and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) protein (a protein related to IL-12p40), that forms a dimer with p28, termed IL-27. Intestinal epithelial cells, which are the initial site of contact between the host and enteric pathogens, can act as antigen-presenting cells, and are known to express mediators important in inflammatory and immune responses. In the current studies, we hypothesized that intestinal epithelial cells express members of the IL-12 family, which can function as an early signalling system important in mucosal immunity. Using in vitro and in vivo model systems of human intestinal epithelium, we demonstrate the regulated expression of EBI3, IL-12p35 and p19 by human intestinal epithelial cells. However, intestinal epithelial cells do not coexpress IL-12p40 or p28 that are required to generate heterodimeric IL-12p75, IL-23 and IL-27. To the extent that IL-12p35, p19 and EBI3 cannot form IL-12p75, IL-23 or IL-27 heterodimers in intestinal epithelial cells, these data suggest that those cells may express other, currently unknown, molecules that can associate with EBI3, IL-12p35 and/or p19 or, alternatively, intestinal epithelial cells may release IL-12-related molecules that by themselves, or in combination with other molecules in the mucosal microenvironment, mediate biological activities.
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The expression of IL-12 p40 and its homologue, Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3, in inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2001Co-Authors: Fumio Omata, Andreas D. Christ, Mark Birkenbach, Shohei Matsuzaki, Richard S BlumbergAbstract:Background It has recently been suggested that Crohn's Disease (CD) is associated with an exaggerated T helper 1 cytokine response as manifest by increased production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) encodes a 34-kDa glycoprotein that is 27% identical to the p40 unit of IL-12 and has recently been reported to be up-regulated in ulcerative colitis (UC). Aim To determine whether mucosal expression of IL-12 p40 or EBI3 correlates with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients/Methods mRNA expression in colonic mucosa from patients with UC, Crohn's disease (CD) and non-IBD controls was measured by reverse-transcribed real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results EBI3 was significantly increased in both involved and uninvolved colonic mucosa in patients with UC. Although IL-12 p40 was increased in some patients with CD relative to non-IBD controls, the increase was not statistically significant. However, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) use was significantly correlated with reduced IL-12 p40 levels in the patients with CD, but not in UC cases. A similar reduction was not seen in 5-ASA-treated UC patients. Conclusion IL-12 p40 expression in CD is heterogeneous. In contrast, expression of the IL-12 p40 homologue, EBI3, is up-regulated in nearly all UC cases and in a subset of CD.
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An interleukin 12-related cytokine is up-regulated in ulcerative colitis but not in Crohn's disease.
Gastroenterology, 1998Co-Authors: Andreas D. Christ, Odile Devergne, Mark Birkenbach, Hartmut Koeppen, Anthony C. Stevens, Shawn Walsh, Fumio Omata, Richard S BlumbergAbstract:Background & Aims: Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric, macrophage-derived cytokine that is elevated in Crohn’s disease (CD). Epstein-Barr virus‐induced gene 3 (EBI3) is a recently characterized human glycoprotein that is homologous to the 40-kilodalton chain of IL-12 and forms a heterodimer with the 35-kilodalton chain of IL-12. We investigated the expression of EBI3 in colonic mucosa of normal control subjects, patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and patients with CD. Methods: Colonic tissue was analyzed for messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and for protein expression by immunohistology and Western blotting. Results: EBI3 mRNA was present in intestinal biopsy specimens from healthy subjects and patients with CD but was elevated only in active UC. EBI3 levels in UC specimens correlated with histological scores of activity and T-cell infiltration. EBI3-positive cells that had a shape consistent with that of macrophages were identified in the lamina propria, and protein was detected by Western blotting. Conclusions: EBI3 is a novel IL-12‐related cytokine that is expressed by macrophage-like cells in normal intestine and CD and has enhanced expression in active UC but not in active CD.
Hayato Terayama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contribution of il 12 il 35 common subunit p35 to maintaining the testicular immune privilege
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Kana Mitobe, Shuichi Hirai, Munekazu Naito, Takayuki Yoshimoto, Ning Qu, Shogo Hayashi, Naoyuki Hatayama, Hayato Terayama, Jun Ichi FurusawaAbstract:The testis is an organ with immune privilege. The comprehensive blood–testis barrier formed by Sertoli cells protects autoimmunogenic spermatozoa and spermatids from attack by the body’s immune system. The interleukin (IL)-6/IL-12 family cytokines IL-12 (p35/p40), IL-23 (p19/p40), IL-27 (p28/Epstein-Barr virus−induced gene 3 [EBI3]), and IL-35 (p35/EBI3) play critical roles in the regulation of various immune responses, but their roles in testicular immune privilege are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated whether these cytokines are expressed in the testes and whether they function in the testicular immune privilege by using mice deficient in their subunits. Expression of EBI3 was markedly increased at both mRNA and protein levels in the testes of 10- or 12-week-old wild-type mice as compared with levels in 2-week-old mice, whereas the mRNA expression of p40 was markedly decreased and that of p35 was conserved between these two groups. Lack of EBI3, p35, and IL-12 receptor β2 caused enhanced infiltration of lymphocytes into the testicular interstitium, with increased interferon-γ expression in the testes and autoantibody production against mainly acrosomal regions of spermatids. Spermatogenic disturbance was more frequently observed in the seminiferous tubules, especially when surrounded by infiltrating lymphocytes, of these deficient mice than in those of wild-type mice. In particular, p35-deficient mice showed the most severe spermatogenic disturbance. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that endothelial cells and peritubular cells in the interstitium were highly positive for p35 at both ages, and CD163+ resident macrophages positive for p35 and EBI3, possibly producing IL-35, were also detected in the interstitium of 12-week-old mice but not those of 2-week-old mice. These results suggest that p35 helps in maintaining the testicular immune privilege, in part in an IL-35-dependent manner.
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Contribution of IL-12/IL-35 Common Subunit p35 to Maintaining the Testicular Immune Privilege
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Hayato Terayama, Kana Mitobe, Jun Ichi Furusawa, Shuichi Hirai, Munekazu Naito, Takayuki Yoshimoto, Ning Qu, Shogo Hayashi, Naoyuki Hatayama, Izuru MizoguchiAbstract:The testis is an organ with immune privilege. The comprehensive blood–testis barrier formed by Sertoli cells protects autoimmunogenic spermatozoa and spermatids from attack by the body’s immune system. The interleukin (IL)-6/IL-12 family cytokines IL-12 (p35/p40), IL-23 (p19/p40), IL-27 (p28/Epstein-Barr virus−induced gene 3 [EBI3]), and IL-35 (p35/EBI3) play critical roles in the regulation of various immune responses, but their roles in testicular immune privilege are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated whether these cytokines are expressed in the testes and whether they function in the testicular immune privilege by using mice deficient in their subunits. Expression of EBI3 was markedly increased at both mRNA and protein levels in the testes of 10- or 12-week-old wild-type mice as compared with levels in 2-week-old mice, whereas the mRNA expression of p40 was markedly decreased and that of p35 was conserved between these two groups. Lack of EBI3, p35, and IL-12 receptor β2 caused enhanced infiltration of lymphocytes into the testicular interstitium, with increased interferon-γ expression in the testes and autoantibody production against mainly acrosomal regions of spermatids. Spermatogenic disturbance was more frequently observed in the seminiferous tubules, especially when surrounded by infiltrating lymphocytes, of these deficient mice than in those of wild-type mice. In particular, p35-deficient mice showed the most severe spermatogenic disturbance. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that endothelial cells and peritubular cells in the interstitium were highly positive for p35 at both ages, and CD163+ resident macrophages positive for p35 and EBI3, possibly producing IL-35, were also detected in the interstitium of 12-week-old mice but not those of 2-week-old mice. These results suggest that p35 helps in maintaining the testicular immune privilege, in part in an IL-35-dependent manner.
Frédérique Larousserie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Human neutrophils activated by TLR8 agonists, with or without IFNγ, synthesize and release EBI3, but not IL-12, IL-27, IL-35, or IL-39.
Journal of leukocyte biology, 2020Co-Authors: Marco A. Cassatella, Odile Devergne, Frédérique Larousserie, Elisa Gardiman, Fabio Arruda-silva, Francisco Bianchetto-aguilera, Sara Gasperini, Mattia Bugatti, William Vermi, Nicola TamassiaAbstract:The IL-12 family of cytokines plays crucial functions in innate and adaptive immunity. These cytokines include heterodimers sharing distinct α (IL-12A, IL-23A, and IL-27A) with two β (IL-12B and Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 [EBI3]) chains, respectively, IL-12 (IL-12B plus IL-12A) and IL-23 (IL-12B plus IL-23A) sharing IL-12B, IL-27 (EBI3 plus IL-27A), IL-35 (EBI3 plus IL-12A), and IL-39 (EBI3 plus IL-23A) sharing EBI3. In this context, we have recently reported that highly pure neutrophils incubated with TLR8 agonists produce functional IL-23. Previously, we showed that neutrophils incubated with LPS plus IFNγ for 20 h produce IL-12. Herein, we investigated whether highly pure, TLR8-activated, neutrophils produce EBI3, and in turn IL-27, IL-35, and IL-39, the IL-12 members containing it. We report that neutrophils incubated with TLR8 ligands, TNFα and, to a lesser extent, LPS, produce and release remarkable amounts of EBI3, but not IL-27A, consequently excluding the possibility for an IL-27 production. We also report a series of unsuccessful experiments performed to investigate whether neutrophil-derived EBI3 associates with IL-23A to form IL-39. Furthermore, we show that neutrophils incubated with IFNγ in combination with either TLR8 or TLR4 ligands express/produce neither IL-12, nor IL-35, due to the inability of IFNγ, contrary to previous findings, to activate IL12A transcription. Even IL-27 was undetectable in supernatants harvested from IFNγ plus R848-treated neutrophils, although they were found to accumulate IL27A transcripts. Finally, by immunohistochemistry experiments, EBI3-positive neutrophils were found in discrete pathologies only, including diverticulitis, cholecystitis, Gorham disease, and Bartonella Henselae infection, implying a specific role of neutrophil-derived EBI3 in vivo.
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Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene 3 (EBI3): A Novel Diagnosis Marker in Burkitt Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
PloS one, 2011Co-Authors: Julie Gonin, Frédérique Larousserie, Nicole Brousse, Christian Bastard, Jean-michel Picquenot, Jérôme Couturier, Isabelle Radford-weiss, Céline Dietrich, Marie-cécile Vacher-lavenu, Odile DevergneAbstract:The distinction between Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), two types of mature aggressive B-cell lymphomas that require distinct treatments, can be difficult because of forms showing features intermediate between DLBCL and BL (here called BL/DLBCL). They can be discriminated by the presence of c-myc translocations characteristic of BL. However, these are not exclusive of BL and when present in DLBCL are associated with lower survival. In this study, we show that Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is differentially expressed among BL and DLBCL. Analysis of gene expression data from 502 cases of aggressive mature B-cell lymphomas available on Gene Expression Omnibus and immunohistochemical analysis of 184 cases of BL, BL/DLBCL or DLBCL, showed that EBI3 was not expressed in EBV-positive or -negative BL cases, whereas it was expressed by over 30% of tumoral cells in nearly 80% of DLBCL cases, independently of their subtypes. In addition, we show that c-myc overexpression represses EBI3 expression, and that DLBCL or BL/DLBCL cases with c-myc translocations have lower expression of EBI3. Thus, EBI3 immunohistochemistry could be useful to discriminate BL from DLBCL, and to identify cases of BL/DLBCL or DLBCL with potential c-myc translocations.
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Human CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells do not constitutively express IL-35.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore Md. : 1950), 2008Co-Authors: Emilie Bardel, Aurore Coulomb-l'hermine, Frédérique Larousserie, Pascaline Charlot-rabiega, Odile DevergneAbstract:EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3) can associate with p28 to form the heterodimeric cytokine IL-27, or with the p35 subunit of IL-12 to form the EBI3/p35 heterodimer, recently named IL-35. In mice, IL-35 has been shown to be constitutively expressed by CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and suggested to contribute to their suppressive activity. In this study, we investigated whether human Treg cells express IL-35. Double-staining analysis of human thymuses showed that neither Foxp3(+) nor CD25(+) cells coexpressed EBI3. Similarly, Foxp3(+) cells present in human lymph nodes, tonsils, spleens, and intestines did not express EBI3. Consistent with these in situ observations, Treg cells purified from blood or tonsils were negative for EBI3 by immunoblotting. Other human T cell subsets, including effector T cells, naive and memory CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) and gammadelta T cells also did not constitutively express EBI3, which contrasts with IL-35 expression observed in murine CD8(+) and gammadelta T cells. Furthermore, although CD3/CD28 stimulation consistently induced low levels of EBI3 in various CD4(+) T cell subsets, no EBI3 could be detected in CD3/CD28-stimulated Treg cells. RT-PCR analysis showed that, whereas p35 transcripts were detected in both Teff and Treg cells, EBI3 transcripts were detected only in activated Teff cells, but not in resting or activated Treg cells. Thus, in contrast to their murine counterpart, human Treg cells do not express detectable amounts of IL-35.
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Variable expression of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 during normal B-cell differentiation and among B-cell lymphomas.
The Journal of pathology, 2006Co-Authors: Frédérique Larousserie, Emilie Bardel, A Coulomb L'herminé, D Canioni, Nicole Brousse, Robert A. Kastelein, Odile DevergneAbstract:Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is expressed by tumour cells in several EBV-associated malignancies. EBI3 was recently found to associate with a novel peptide, p28, to form a new heterodimeric cytokine, called interleukin-27. In this study, we investigated EBI3 and p28 expression in normal human B lymphocytes and in non-EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas. Low levels of EBI3 were detected in purified tonsillar B cells and expression was upregulated upon anti-CD40 or anti-µ stimulation via NF-κB activation. In non-neoplastic tissues, EBI3 expression by lymphocytes was largely restricted to a subset of germinal centre (GC) B cells located at the margin of the light zone, in close contact with CD3+ T lymphocytes. Over 50% of EBI3+ GC B cells were engaged in cell proliferation as assessed by Ki67 expression, and 10–30% expressed MUM1, an early marker of plasma cell differentiation expressed by late centrocytes. Many EBI3+ GC B cells had downregulated bcl-6 expression, which further suggests that these cells correspond to late CD40-activated centrocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis of 64 B-cell lymphomas showed that the highest EBI3 levels were detected in follicular lymphomas and in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of both GC B-cell-like or non-GC B-cell-like types. No or rare p28 expression was detected in normal or tumour B cells. This constitutive expression of EBI3 by neoplastic B cells may be involved in lymphomagenesis, and may be a useful marker for lymphoma diagnosis. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Analyse de l'expression d'une nouvelle cytokine, l'interleukine-27, dans les lymphocytes normaux et tumoraux et de son rôle au cours de la différenciation lymphocytaire B normale
2005Co-Authors: Frédérique LarousserieAbstract:L'interleukine (IL)-27, constituée de EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3) et de p28, joue un rôle important dans la régulation des réponses T. Son rôle dans la réponse B est peu connu. EBI3 est une protéine induite in vitro par l'oncogène viral LMP1 via l'activation de NF-kB. Ce travail montre qu'EBI3 est également induite par l'oncogène Tax du virus HTLV-1, de façon dépendante de NF-kB, et est exprimée in situ par les cellules tumorales dans les lymphomes EBV+ LMP1+ et dans certains lymphomes associés à l'HTLV-1, en l'absence de détection de p28. Nous montrons que l'IL-27 a des effets directs sur le lymphocyte B humain, modulés au cours de la différenciation et dépendants du type de co-stimulation. EBI3, mais pas p28, est exprimée par des cellules B du centre germinatif (CG) et par les cellules tumorales de lymphomes B d'origine du CG. Ces résultats suggèrent un rôle d'EBI3 indépendamment de son association à p28.