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Katsuhiro Shiono - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prevention of radial oxygen loss is associated with exodermal suberin along adventitious roots of annual wild species of Echinochloa
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Masato Ejiri, Katsuhiro ShionoAbstract:Internal aeration is crucial for root growth under waterlogged conditions. Some wetland plants have a structural barrier that impedes oxygen leakage from the basal part of roots called a radial oxygen loss (ROL) barrier. The ROL barrier reduces loss of oxygen transported via the aerenchyma to the root tips, enabling root growth into anoxic soil. The roots of some plants develop an ROL barrier under waterlogged conditions, while they remain leaky to oxygen under well-drained or aerated conditions. The main components of the inducible ROL barrier are thought to be suberin and lignin deposited at the outer cellular space (apoplast) in the outer part of roots. On the other hand, a few wetland plants including a species of Echinochloa form a constitutive ROL barrier, i.e., it is formed even in the absence of waterlogging. However, little is known about the components of constitutive ROL barriers. An ROL barrier is considered to be a characteristic of wetland species because it has not been found in any non-wetland species so far. Here, we examined whether Echinochloa species from non-waterlogged fields also form an inducible or constitutive ROL barrier. We found that two species of Echinochloa from non-waterlogged fields constitutively developed an ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Over 85% of their root exodermis cells were covered with suberin lamellae and had well-developed Casparian strips. These substances inhibited the infiltration of an apoplastic tracer (periodic acid), suggesting that the ROL barrier can also prevent the entry of phytotoxic compounds from the soil. Unlike the other Echinochloa species, E. oryzicola, which mainly inhabits rice paddies, was found to lack a constitutive ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Although close to 90% of its sclerenchyma was well lignified, it leaked oxygen from the basal part of roots. A high percentage (55%) of the root exodermis cells were not fortified with suberin lamellae. These results suggest that suberin is an important component of constitutive ROL barriers.
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Prevention of Radial Oxygen Loss Is Associated With Exodermal Suberin Along Adventitious Roots of Annual Wild Species of Echinochloa
Frontiers Media S.A., 2019Co-Authors: Masato Ejiri, Katsuhiro ShionoAbstract:Internal aeration is crucial for root growth under waterlogged conditions. Some wetland plants have a structural barrier that impedes oxygen leakage from the basal part of roots called a radial oxygen loss (ROL) barrier. The ROL barrier reduces loss of oxygen transported via the aerenchyma to the root tips, enabling root growth into anoxic soil. The roots of some plants develop an ROL barrier under waterlogged conditions, while they remain leaky to oxygen under well-drained or aerated conditions. The main components of the inducible ROL barrier are thought to be suberin and lignin deposited at the outer cellular space (apoplast) in the outer part of roots. On the other hand, a few wetland plants including a species of Echinochloa form a constitutive ROL barrier, i.e., it is formed even in the absence of waterlogging. However, little is known about the components of constitutive ROL barriers. An ROL barrier is considered to be a characteristic of wetland species because it has not been found in any non-wetland species so far. Here, we examined whether Echinochloa species from non-waterlogged fields also form an inducible or constitutive ROL barrier. We found that three species of Echinochloa from non-waterlogged fields constitutively developed an ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Over 85% of their root exodermis cells were covered with suberin lamellae and had well-developed Casparian strips. These substances inhibited the infiltration of an apoplastic tracer (periodic acid), suggesting that the ROL barrier can also prevent the entry of phytotoxic compounds from the soil. Unlike the other Echinochloa species, E. oryzicola, which mainly inhabits rice paddies, was found to lack a constitutive ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Although close to 90% of its sclerenchyma was well lignified, it leaked oxygen from the basal part of roots. A high percentage (55%) of the root exodermis cells were not fortified with suberin lamellae. These results suggest that suberin is an important component of constitutive ROL barriers
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Data_Sheet_1_Prevention of Radial Oxygen Loss Is Associated With Exodermal Suberin Along Adventitious Roots of Annual Wild Species of Echinochloa.pdf
2019Co-Authors: Masato Ejiri, Katsuhiro ShionoAbstract:Internal aeration is crucial for root growth under waterlogged conditions. Some wetland plants have a structural barrier that impedes oxygen leakage from the basal part of roots called a radial oxygen loss (ROL) barrier. The ROL barrier reduces loss of oxygen transported via the aerenchyma to the root tips, enabling root growth into anoxic soil. The roots of some plants develop an ROL barrier under waterlogged conditions, while they remain leaky to oxygen under well-drained or aerated conditions. The main components of the inducible ROL barrier are thought to be suberin and lignin deposited at the outer cellular space (apoplast) in the outer part of roots. On the other hand, a few wetland plants including a species of Echinochloa form a constitutive ROL barrier, i.e., it is formed even in the absence of waterlogging. However, little is known about the components of constitutive ROL barriers. An ROL barrier is considered to be a characteristic of wetland species because it has not been found in any non-wetland species so far. Here, we examined whether Echinochloa species from non-waterlogged fields also form an inducible or constitutive ROL barrier. We found that three species of Echinochloa from non-waterlogged fields constitutively developed an ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Over 85% of their root exodermis cells were covered with suberin lamellae and had well-developed Casparian strips. These substances inhibited the infiltration of an apoplastic tracer (periodic acid), suggesting that the ROL barrier can also prevent the entry of phytotoxic compounds from the soil. Unlike the other Echinochloa species, E. oryzicola, which mainly inhabits rice paddies, was found to lack a constitutive ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Although close to 90% of its sclerenchyma was well lignified, it leaked oxygen from the basal part of roots. A high percentage (55%) of the root exodermis cells were not fortified with suberin lamellae. These results suggest that suberin is an important component of constitutive ROL barriers.
Osuna, María Dolores - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Different Mutations Providing Target Site Resistance to ALS- and ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Echinochloa spp. from Rice Fields
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Amaro Blanco Ignacio, Romano Yolanda, Palmerin, José Antonio, Gordo Raquel, Palma-bautista Candelario, Rafael De ,prado, Osuna, María DoloresAbstract:Echinochloa spp. is one of the most invasive weeds in rice fields worldwide. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides are two of the most widely used rice herbicides. However, overuse has led to the resistance evolution of Echinochloa spp. to penoxsulam (ALS-inhibitor) and cyhalofop-methyl (ACCase-inhibitor). In this work, 137 different Echinochloa spp. populations were collected in different rice fields in Extremadura (western Spain) where lack of control was detected. Target-site based resistance (by sequencing ALS and ACCase gene) and characterization of Echinochloa species at the molecular level (based on PCR-RFLP analyses) were carried out in those populations. Most of the populations studied (111 of 137) belong to the E. oryzicola/E. oryzoides group. Three-point mutations were identified in ALS genes: Pro197Ser, Pro197Thr, and Ser653Asn, the first being the most frequent substitution in resistant plants. In the ACCase gene, the Ile1781Leu substitution was found. In both ALS and ACCase sequencing, evidence of heterozygosity was also observed. To assess whether cross-resistance patterns differed between mutations, two populations belonging to the E. oryzicola/E. oryzoides group had its most frequent mutations (Pro197Ser, population ech3-14 and Ile1781Leu, population ech114-10) chosen to be carried out in a dose-response assay. It was confirmed that Pro197Ser conferred resistance to triazolopyrimidine, imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, and pyrimidinyl benzoate families. On the other hand, the Ile1781Leu change gave resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione families. Of the authorized herbicides in rice in Spain, more that 80% belong to these families. It is therefore important that farmers carry out an integrated control system that combines both chemical and non-chemical tools
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An Overview of Rice Cultivation in Spain and the Management of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Gómez De Barrera, Diego, Pardo Gabriel, Palmerin, José Antonio, Osca, José María, Catala-forner Mar, Consola Silvia, Garnica Irache, López-martínez Núria, Osuna, María DoloresAbstract:Spain is the second highest rice-producing country in the European Union, with approximately 105,000 ha used to grow this crop. The major rice-producing regions in Spain are Andalusia, Extremadura, Catalonia, and Valencia, followed by Aragon and Navarre. The main soil texture throughout Spanish rice areas is silty clay loam, with alkaline soils (pH > 7.5)—except in the Extremadura area (pH = 5.5–6)—and a low organic matter content. Water quality in terms of salinity is acceptable, although in some coastal rice areas salinity issues occasionally appear to be a determining factor for high yield achievement. According to a survey carried out on farmers and technicians, the most problematic weeds found in rice crops today in Spain are Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa spp., and Cyperus difformis. Most of the currently authorized herbicides can be classified according to two modes of action: ALS-inhibiting and ACCase-inhibiting. Repeated field applications of herbicides with the same mode of action have resulted in the selection of herbicide-resistant weeds. At present, resistance has been confirmed in different regions of Spain to ALS inhibitors in Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa spp., and Cyperus difformis, and to ACCase inhibitors in Echinochloa spp. and Leptochloa spp. The mechanism of resistance in these species is a mutation in the target site of these herbicides. Several mutations have been found in the ALS gene, both in Echinochloa spp. and Cyperus difformis, distributed in the different rice-growing regions considered in this work. ACCase gene mutations have been mainly found in Leptochloa spp. individuals from Extremadura and Valencia. These different mutations have resulted in different patterns of cross-resistance to ALS- and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. It is likely that the repeated use of these two modes of action in rice will result in the evolution of more resistant weed populations. The possible availability of new herbicides with alternative modes of action in a short space of time seems very limited, suggesting the need for a more appropriate use of the available alternative strategies (crop rotation, dry sowing, manual weeding, etc.). This work presents a review of the main characteristics of rice cultivation in Spain, emphasizing the current problems in this crop and the management of herbicide-resistant weeds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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An Overview of Rice Cultivation in Spain and the Management of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Gómez De Barreda, Diego, Pardo Sanclemente Gabriel, Palmerin, José Antonio, Osca, José María, Catala-forner Mar, Consola Silvia, Garnica Irache, López-martínez Núria, Osuna, María DoloresAbstract:Spain is the second highest rice-producing country in the European Union, with approximately 105,000 ha used to grow this crop. The major rice-producing regions in Spain are Andalusia, Extremadura, Catalonia, and Valencia, followed by Aragon and Navarre. The main soil texture throughout Spanish rice areas is silty clay loam, with alkaline soils (pH > 7.5)—except in the Extremadura area (pH = 5.5–6)—and a low organic matter content. Water quality in terms of salinity is acceptable, although in some coastal rice areas salinity issues occasionally appear to be a determining factor for high yield achievement. According to a survey carried out on farmers and technicians, the most problematic weeds found in rice crops today in Spain are Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa spp., and Cyperus difformis. Most of the currently authorized herbicides can be classified according to two modes of action: ALS-inhibiting and ACCase-inhibiting. Repeated field applications of herbicides with the same mode of action have resulted in the selection of herbicide-resistant weeds. At present, resistance has been confirmed in different regions of Spain to ALS inhibitors in Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa spp., and Cyperus difformis, and to ACCase inhibitors in Echinochloa spp. and Leptochloa spp. The mechanism of resistance in these species is a mutation in the target site of these herbicides. Several mutations have been found in the ALS gene, both in Echinochloa spp. and Cyperus difformis, distributed in the different rice-growing regions considered in this work. ACCase gene mutations have been mainly found in Leptochloa spp. individuals from Extremadura and Valencia. These different mutations have resulted in different patterns of cross-resistance to ALS- and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. It is likely that the repeated use of these two modes of action in rice will result in the evolution of more resistant weed populations. The possible availability of new herbicides with alternative modes of action in a short space of time seems very limited, suggesting the need for a more appropriate use of the available alternative strategies (crop rotation, dry sowing, manual weeding, etc.). This work presents a review of the main characteristics of rice cultivation in Spain, emphasizing the current problems in this crop and the management of herbicide-resistant weeds.Publishe
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Use of molecular markers for the characterization of rice crop weeds in Extremadura
Universidad Pública de Navarra Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, 2017Co-Authors: Romano Yolanda, Palmerin, José Antonio, Mendoza Fátima, Quiles, José María, Amaro Ignacio, Osuna, María DoloresAbstract:Comunicación presentada al XVI Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Malherbología, celebrado en la Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona-Iruña, entre los días 25 y 27 de octubre de 2017.Los géneros Echinochloa y Leptochloa son las malas hierbas más problemáticas actualmente para el cultivo del arroz en Extremadura. Para controlarlas adecuadamente es imprescindible una identificación temprana, ya que las diferentes especies de ambos géneros muestran diferentes respuestas frente a un mismo herbicida. Una herramienta útil para discriminar las especies de dichas malas hierbas en estadios tempranos son los marcadores moleculares, que ayuda a planificar antes las estrategias de control adecuadas para el agricultor. En este trabajo se muestran las técnicas moleculares empleadas para diferenciar las especies del género Echinochloa más habituales en Extremadura: E. oryzicola, E. oryzoides, E. cruss galli, E. hispídula y E. colona utilizando la técnica molecular PCR-RFLP. Por otro lado, para diferenciar las especies del género Leptochloa (L. fascicularis y L. uninervia) se han utilizado marcadores tipo AFLP.The genus Echinochloa and Leptochloa are the two most problematic weeds in rice fields in Extremadura. In order to be able to control them adequately, an early identification is essential, since the different species of both genus show different responses to the same herbicide. A powerful tool for discriminating species of these weeds are molecular markers, which have advantages over morphological characterization and can help to plan beforehand what are the appropriate control strategies for the farmer.In this work, by using the molecular technique the molecular technique PCR -RFLP we could distinguish at an early stage the species of Echinochloa more common in Extremadura: E. oryzicola, E. oryzoides, E. crussgalli, E. hispídula and E. colona. On the other hand, AFLP markers have been used to differentiate the species of the genus Leptochloa (L. fascicularis and L. uninervia).Este trabajo está financiado por el proyecto INIA RTA-2014-00033-C03-01, por la ayuda a Grupos de Investigación de la Junta de Extremadura GR15112 y por el proyecto AGROS (CCESAGROS), fondos FEDER
Masato Ejiri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prevention of radial oxygen loss is associated with exodermal suberin along adventitious roots of annual wild species of Echinochloa
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Masato Ejiri, Katsuhiro ShionoAbstract:Internal aeration is crucial for root growth under waterlogged conditions. Some wetland plants have a structural barrier that impedes oxygen leakage from the basal part of roots called a radial oxygen loss (ROL) barrier. The ROL barrier reduces loss of oxygen transported via the aerenchyma to the root tips, enabling root growth into anoxic soil. The roots of some plants develop an ROL barrier under waterlogged conditions, while they remain leaky to oxygen under well-drained or aerated conditions. The main components of the inducible ROL barrier are thought to be suberin and lignin deposited at the outer cellular space (apoplast) in the outer part of roots. On the other hand, a few wetland plants including a species of Echinochloa form a constitutive ROL barrier, i.e., it is formed even in the absence of waterlogging. However, little is known about the components of constitutive ROL barriers. An ROL barrier is considered to be a characteristic of wetland species because it has not been found in any non-wetland species so far. Here, we examined whether Echinochloa species from non-waterlogged fields also form an inducible or constitutive ROL barrier. We found that two species of Echinochloa from non-waterlogged fields constitutively developed an ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Over 85% of their root exodermis cells were covered with suberin lamellae and had well-developed Casparian strips. These substances inhibited the infiltration of an apoplastic tracer (periodic acid), suggesting that the ROL barrier can also prevent the entry of phytotoxic compounds from the soil. Unlike the other Echinochloa species, E. oryzicola, which mainly inhabits rice paddies, was found to lack a constitutive ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Although close to 90% of its sclerenchyma was well lignified, it leaked oxygen from the basal part of roots. A high percentage (55%) of the root exodermis cells were not fortified with suberin lamellae. These results suggest that suberin is an important component of constitutive ROL barriers.
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Prevention of Radial Oxygen Loss Is Associated With Exodermal Suberin Along Adventitious Roots of Annual Wild Species of Echinochloa
Frontiers Media S.A., 2019Co-Authors: Masato Ejiri, Katsuhiro ShionoAbstract:Internal aeration is crucial for root growth under waterlogged conditions. Some wetland plants have a structural barrier that impedes oxygen leakage from the basal part of roots called a radial oxygen loss (ROL) barrier. The ROL barrier reduces loss of oxygen transported via the aerenchyma to the root tips, enabling root growth into anoxic soil. The roots of some plants develop an ROL barrier under waterlogged conditions, while they remain leaky to oxygen under well-drained or aerated conditions. The main components of the inducible ROL barrier are thought to be suberin and lignin deposited at the outer cellular space (apoplast) in the outer part of roots. On the other hand, a few wetland plants including a species of Echinochloa form a constitutive ROL barrier, i.e., it is formed even in the absence of waterlogging. However, little is known about the components of constitutive ROL barriers. An ROL barrier is considered to be a characteristic of wetland species because it has not been found in any non-wetland species so far. Here, we examined whether Echinochloa species from non-waterlogged fields also form an inducible or constitutive ROL barrier. We found that three species of Echinochloa from non-waterlogged fields constitutively developed an ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Over 85% of their root exodermis cells were covered with suberin lamellae and had well-developed Casparian strips. These substances inhibited the infiltration of an apoplastic tracer (periodic acid), suggesting that the ROL barrier can also prevent the entry of phytotoxic compounds from the soil. Unlike the other Echinochloa species, E. oryzicola, which mainly inhabits rice paddies, was found to lack a constitutive ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Although close to 90% of its sclerenchyma was well lignified, it leaked oxygen from the basal part of roots. A high percentage (55%) of the root exodermis cells were not fortified with suberin lamellae. These results suggest that suberin is an important component of constitutive ROL barriers
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Data_Sheet_1_Prevention of Radial Oxygen Loss Is Associated With Exodermal Suberin Along Adventitious Roots of Annual Wild Species of Echinochloa.pdf
2019Co-Authors: Masato Ejiri, Katsuhiro ShionoAbstract:Internal aeration is crucial for root growth under waterlogged conditions. Some wetland plants have a structural barrier that impedes oxygen leakage from the basal part of roots called a radial oxygen loss (ROL) barrier. The ROL barrier reduces loss of oxygen transported via the aerenchyma to the root tips, enabling root growth into anoxic soil. The roots of some plants develop an ROL barrier under waterlogged conditions, while they remain leaky to oxygen under well-drained or aerated conditions. The main components of the inducible ROL barrier are thought to be suberin and lignin deposited at the outer cellular space (apoplast) in the outer part of roots. On the other hand, a few wetland plants including a species of Echinochloa form a constitutive ROL barrier, i.e., it is formed even in the absence of waterlogging. However, little is known about the components of constitutive ROL barriers. An ROL barrier is considered to be a characteristic of wetland species because it has not been found in any non-wetland species so far. Here, we examined whether Echinochloa species from non-waterlogged fields also form an inducible or constitutive ROL barrier. We found that three species of Echinochloa from non-waterlogged fields constitutively developed an ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Over 85% of their root exodermis cells were covered with suberin lamellae and had well-developed Casparian strips. These substances inhibited the infiltration of an apoplastic tracer (periodic acid), suggesting that the ROL barrier can also prevent the entry of phytotoxic compounds from the soil. Unlike the other Echinochloa species, E. oryzicola, which mainly inhabits rice paddies, was found to lack a constitutive ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Although close to 90% of its sclerenchyma was well lignified, it leaked oxygen from the basal part of roots. A high percentage (55%) of the root exodermis cells were not fortified with suberin lamellae. These results suggest that suberin is an important component of constitutive ROL barriers.
Shen Jinliang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative anatomy of the vegetative organs of leptochloa chinensis l nees and Echinochloa crusgalli l beauv
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2004Co-Authors: Shen JinliangAbstract:Anatomical observation of vegetative organs of noxious weeds Leptochloa chinensis(L.)Nees and Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv in rice field was done with paraffin slides.The results showed that both Leptochloa chinensis(L.)Nees and Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)had big radiation-like cavity in their roots.There was seldom sclerenchyma,developed green tissues and pith cavity in the stem of Leptochloa chinensis(L.)Nees,while upgrowth sclerenchyma could be seen in the stem of Echinochloa crusgalli(L.),no green tissues,but cracked pith cells and partial cell wall in the pith could be seen in the stem.Both Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)and Leptochloa chinensis(L.)Nees are C 4 plants,but the lamina structure was quite different.The coat seta wall of Chinese sprangletop′s lamina was thicker and bigger than that of barnyardgrass,the bladder cell and its distribution area were smaller than barnyardgrass,the bladder cell wall was thinner.The cells of pericycle of vascular bundles of Leptochloa chinensis(L.)Nees had big chloroplasts,and it was thick color,while Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)had little parenchyma in its pericycle of vascular bundles,and the chloroplasts was thin color.
A K Watson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isolation and partial characterization of phytotoxins produced by Exserohilum monoceras, a potential bioherbicide for control of Echinochloa species.
2000Co-Authors: W M Zhang, A K Watson, N. R. SpencerAbstract:Exserohilum monoceras (Drechsler) Leonard and Suggs causes leaf blight in Echinochloa species and is presently being evaluated as a potential bioherbicide for the control of Echinochloa species. Bioassays had shown that E. monoceras produces phytotoxins biologically active against Echinochloa species. Two biologically active compounds, designated Toxin I and Toxin II were isolated from E. monoceras culture filtrate and inoculated plant leaves by means of extraction and thin layer chromatography (TLC). On TLC plates, Rf values of Toxin I and Toxin II were 0.59 and 0.72, respectively. In the absence of the pathogen, each of the purified toxins incited symptoms similar to those caused by E. monoceras conidia. Toxin I was shown to be most potent and host-specific. Toxin II had a broader spectrum of activity, but played a less important role in producing disease on Echinochloa species. A root inhibition experiment indicated that Toxin I was selective for Echinochloa species and did not damage rice.
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effect of dew period and temperature on the ability of exserohilum monoceras to cause seedling mortality of Echinochloa species
Plant Disease, 1997Co-Authors: W M Zhang, A K WatsonAbstract:In greenhouse and controlled environment experiments, disease development and mortality of Echinochloa crus-galli, E. colona, and E. glabrescens caused by Exserohilum monoceras were affected by duration, frequency, and timing of dew period, as well as by dew-period temperature and post-dew temperature. When adequate dew was provided, 100% mortality occurred for all three Echinochloa spp. over the broad dew-period temperature range of 20 to 30°C. The effect of post-dew temperature on disease development varied with the initial dew period. The minimum dew period to achieve 100% mortality was 16 h for E. colona, 12 h for E. crus-galli, and 8 h for E. glabrescens. Increasing dew period enlarged the range of temperature for maximum efficacy, whereas the use of optimum dew-period temperature decreased the dew period requirement. Delaying the initiation of the dew period by 24 h did not adversely affect disease development. Increased disease development occurred for inoculated seedlings treated with repetitive dew periods of shorter duration than the optimal period. These findings characterize one of the epidemiological requirements, i.e., dew requirement, needed to assess the potential of E. monoceras for the control of Echinochloa spp. in rice.
