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Zexin Tao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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surveillance and genetic characteristics of Echovirus 6 strains isolated from environmental sewage and aseptic encephalitis cases
Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaojuan Lin, Suting Wang, Zexin Tao, Guifang Liu, Lizhi SongAbstract:Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of Echovirus 6 (E-6) strains isolated from patients with acute meningitis/encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in 2014 and sewage samples in 2013—2014 in Shandong province and to investigate their correlations. Methods Enterovirus strains were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, stool and throat swab samples collected from 940 cases of AMES and 96 sewage samples used for environmental surveillance. The positive isolates were identified by molecular typing method. Homologous and phylogenetic analyses based on the VP1 sequences of E-6 isolates were performed. Results Altogether 47 E-6 strains were isolated from patients with AMES in 2014, accounting for 29.56% of all isolated enteroviruses (EVs) strains. No E-6 strains were isolated from AMES cases in 2013. Data of the environmental surveillance showed that E-6 virus strains had been frequently detected in sewage samples since the summer of 2013 to the end of 2014. In total, 40 E-6 virus strains were isolated (7.87% of total isolated EVs strains) in 2013 and 139 E-6 virus strains (26.18%) in 2014. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the E-6 isolates recruited in this study belonged to clusters A and C with high intracluster sequence identities between AMES and environmental isolates. The nucleotide identities were 98.3%-100% among cluster A E-6 virus strains isolated from AMES cases in 2014 and 96.6%-100% among cluster A E-6 virus environmental isolates during the surveillance year 2013—2014. The cluster A E-6 virus strains shared 97.1%-100% nucleotide identities between the AMES and environmental isolates. For cluster C E-6 virus strains, the nucleotide identities were 100%, 98.7%-100% and 99.1%-100%, respectively. Conclusion The epidemic of viral encephalitis in Shandong province in 2014 was associated the transmission of two lineages of E-6 virus. Environmental surveillance revealed the potential epidemic of E-6 virus even before the epidemic of viral encephalitis in Shandong province, indicating the possibility of using environmental surveillance for early warning of related diseases. Key words: Viral meningitis; Viral encephalitis; Environmental surveillance; Human Echovirus 6; Sequence homology; Phylogeny
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Genetic Characterization of Echovirus 6 Isolated from Meningitis and Encephalitis Cases in Shandong Province,China
Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaojuan Lin, Suting Wang, Zexin Tao, Guifang Liu, Lizhi Song, Min Wang, Haiyan WangAbstract:To analyze the genetic characteristics of Echovirus 6 (E6) isolated from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province, China, we collected cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province from 2007 to 2012 for virus isolation. Viral RNAs were extracted from positive isolates, and complete VP1 coding regions were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Six isolates were identified as E6 by microneutralization assay and molecular typing. The homology analysis showed that the six isolates had 78. 6%-99. 8% nucleotide and 95. 5%-100. 0% amino acid identities with each other, as well as 76. 9%-78. 4% nucleotide and 92. 3%-95. 1% amino acid identities with the prototype strain (D' Amori). The phylogenetic analysis based on the integrated VP1 sequences indicated that all Shandong E6 isolates could be separated into four clusters, designated as A, B, C, and D. The six E6 isolates belonged to clusters A, B, and D. Our study reveals high genetic differences between Shandong E6 isolates and suggests different transmission lineages of E6 co-circulated in Shandong Province.
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Intercity Spread of Echovirus 6 in Shandong Province, China: Application of Environmental Surveillance in Tracing Circulating Enteroviruses
Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Zexin Tao, Lizhi Song, Haiyan Wang, Yanyan Song, Yong Zhang, Hiromu Yoshida, Yao Liu, Ning CuiAbstract:Environmental surveillance is an effective approach in investigating circulating enteroviruses and had been conducted in the cities of Jinan and Linyi since February 2008 and April 2010, respectively. This study analyzed 46 sewage samples collected in the two cities in 2011 and found that Echovirus 6 (E6) was the predominant serotype, with 134 isolates (65 in Jinan and 69 in Linyi) from 23 (50%) samples. This differs from the 2010 data that found 29 E6 isolates in Jinan and only 3 in Linyi. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 coding region showed that all environmental E6 samples from 2008 to 2011 (n = 167) segregated into two lineages and revealed an increase in VP1 gene diversity in 2011, suggesting that the increased number of E6 detections reflects a real epidemic in the two cities. Most Linyi isolates (n = 61, or 88%) in 2011 segregated into sublineage 1a, together with 18 Jinan isolates in 2011. Interestingly, the ancestral VP1 sequence of sublineage 1a inferred using the maximum-likelihood method had 100% identity with the sequence of one environmental isolate from Jinan in August 2010, suggesting an intercity spread from Jinan to Linyi. By Bayesian phylodynamic methods, the most recent common ancestor of Linyi isolates in sublineage 1a dated back to 24 December 2010, revealing that this sublineage was likely imported into Linyi from August to December in 2010. This study demonstrates that environmental surveillance is a sensitive method in tracing transmission pathways of circulating enteroviruses among different regions and reveals that E6-associated aseptic meningitis is an emerging concern in China.
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Cocirculation of two transmission lineages of Echovirus 6 in jinan, china, as revealed by environmental surveillance and sequence analysis.
Applied and environmental microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Zexin Tao, Lizhi Song, Haiyan Wang, Yong Zhang, Hiromu Yoshida, Jing Yang, Yan ZhangAbstract:Enterovirus environmental surveillance on sewage from the city of Jinan, Shandong Province, China, was initiated in 2008. Thirty Echovirus 6 (E6) strains-1 in 2008 and 29 in 2010-were isolated and identified. Most E6 isolates (n = 21) came from the sewage collected on August 2010, revealing high local E6 activity at that time. Interestingly, the VP1 sequences of most isolates, even from the same sewage, were not identical. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 sequences revealed two lineages for these isolates, with 78.0 to 80.0% nucleotide identities with one another, 94.8 to 100.0% identity within the major lineage, and 92.7 to 98.5% identity within the minor one. The VP1 sequences of environmental isolates, clinical isolates from 1998 to 2010, and global E6 were subjected to evolutionary analysis using Bayesian phylodynamic methods. The inferred E6 VP1 ancestral sequence dated back to 1901 (range, 1873 to 1928) and evolved with 7.047 × 10(-3) substitutions per site per year. Shandong E6 segregated into three clusters, and the two environmental lineages belonged to clusters A and C, which originated in 2003 and 1992, respectively. The antigenicity analysis via neutralization assay confirmed great antigenic differences between Shandong isolates and a prototype strain. These findings underscore the value of continuous environmental surveillance and genetic analysis to monitor circulating enteroviruses in the population and give further insight into E6 evolution.
Haiyan Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic Characterization of Echovirus 6 Isolated from Meningitis and Encephalitis Cases in Shandong Province,China
Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaojuan Lin, Suting Wang, Zexin Tao, Guifang Liu, Lizhi Song, Min Wang, Haiyan WangAbstract:To analyze the genetic characteristics of Echovirus 6 (E6) isolated from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province, China, we collected cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province from 2007 to 2012 for virus isolation. Viral RNAs were extracted from positive isolates, and complete VP1 coding regions were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Six isolates were identified as E6 by microneutralization assay and molecular typing. The homology analysis showed that the six isolates had 78. 6%-99. 8% nucleotide and 95. 5%-100. 0% amino acid identities with each other, as well as 76. 9%-78. 4% nucleotide and 92. 3%-95. 1% amino acid identities with the prototype strain (D' Amori). The phylogenetic analysis based on the integrated VP1 sequences indicated that all Shandong E6 isolates could be separated into four clusters, designated as A, B, C, and D. The six E6 isolates belonged to clusters A, B, and D. Our study reveals high genetic differences between Shandong E6 isolates and suggests different transmission lineages of E6 co-circulated in Shandong Province.
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Intercity Spread of Echovirus 6 in Shandong Province, China: Application of Environmental Surveillance in Tracing Circulating Enteroviruses
Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Zexin Tao, Lizhi Song, Haiyan Wang, Yanyan Song, Yong Zhang, Hiromu Yoshida, Yao Liu, Ning CuiAbstract:Environmental surveillance is an effective approach in investigating circulating enteroviruses and had been conducted in the cities of Jinan and Linyi since February 2008 and April 2010, respectively. This study analyzed 46 sewage samples collected in the two cities in 2011 and found that Echovirus 6 (E6) was the predominant serotype, with 134 isolates (65 in Jinan and 69 in Linyi) from 23 (50%) samples. This differs from the 2010 data that found 29 E6 isolates in Jinan and only 3 in Linyi. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 coding region showed that all environmental E6 samples from 2008 to 2011 (n = 167) segregated into two lineages and revealed an increase in VP1 gene diversity in 2011, suggesting that the increased number of E6 detections reflects a real epidemic in the two cities. Most Linyi isolates (n = 61, or 88%) in 2011 segregated into sublineage 1a, together with 18 Jinan isolates in 2011. Interestingly, the ancestral VP1 sequence of sublineage 1a inferred using the maximum-likelihood method had 100% identity with the sequence of one environmental isolate from Jinan in August 2010, suggesting an intercity spread from Jinan to Linyi. By Bayesian phylodynamic methods, the most recent common ancestor of Linyi isolates in sublineage 1a dated back to 24 December 2010, revealing that this sublineage was likely imported into Linyi from August to December in 2010. This study demonstrates that environmental surveillance is a sensitive method in tracing transmission pathways of circulating enteroviruses among different regions and reveals that E6-associated aseptic meningitis is an emerging concern in China.
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Cocirculation of two transmission lineages of Echovirus 6 in jinan, china, as revealed by environmental surveillance and sequence analysis.
Applied and environmental microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Zexin Tao, Lizhi Song, Haiyan Wang, Yong Zhang, Hiromu Yoshida, Jing Yang, Yan ZhangAbstract:Enterovirus environmental surveillance on sewage from the city of Jinan, Shandong Province, China, was initiated in 2008. Thirty Echovirus 6 (E6) strains-1 in 2008 and 29 in 2010-were isolated and identified. Most E6 isolates (n = 21) came from the sewage collected on August 2010, revealing high local E6 activity at that time. Interestingly, the VP1 sequences of most isolates, even from the same sewage, were not identical. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 sequences revealed two lineages for these isolates, with 78.0 to 80.0% nucleotide identities with one another, 94.8 to 100.0% identity within the major lineage, and 92.7 to 98.5% identity within the minor one. The VP1 sequences of environmental isolates, clinical isolates from 1998 to 2010, and global E6 were subjected to evolutionary analysis using Bayesian phylodynamic methods. The inferred E6 VP1 ancestral sequence dated back to 1901 (range, 1873 to 1928) and evolved with 7.047 × 10(-3) substitutions per site per year. Shandong E6 segregated into three clusters, and the two environmental lineages belonged to clusters A and C, which originated in 2003 and 1992, respectively. The antigenicity analysis via neutralization assay confirmed great antigenic differences between Shandong isolates and a prototype strain. These findings underscore the value of continuous environmental surveillance and genetic analysis to monitor circulating enteroviruses in the population and give further insight into E6 evolution.
Doo Sung Cheon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Epidemics of viral meningitis caused by Echovirus 6 and 30 in Korea in 2008.
Virology journal, 2012Co-Authors: Hye-jin Kim, Byounghak Kang, Seoyeon Hwang, Jiyoung Hong, Kisang Kim, Doo Sung CheonAbstract:Background Enteroviruses (EVs) are the leading cause of aseptic meningitis, which is the most frequent central nervous system infection worldwide. We aimed to characterize the EVs involved in an aseptic meningitis outbreak in Korea in 2008. In Korea, Echovirus type 30 (E30) and E6 have been associated with outbreaks and frequent meningitis.
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Epidemics of viral meningitis caused by Echovirus 6 and 30 in Korea in 2008
Virology Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Hye-jin Kim, Byounghak Kang, Seoyeon Hwang, Jiyoung Hong, Kisang Kim, Doo Sung CheonAbstract:Background Enteroviruses (EVs) are the leading cause of aseptic meningitis, which is the most frequent central nervous system infection worldwide. We aimed to characterize the EVs involved in an aseptic meningitis outbreak in Korea in 2008. In Korea, Echovirus type 30 (E30) and E6 have been associated with outbreaks and frequent meningitis. Methods During 2008, through nationwide surveillance, we collected specimens from 758 patients with aseptic meningitis-related clinical manifestations. The detection of EVs from specimens was subjected to a diagnostic real-time RT-PCR in the 5' NCR. A semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify sequences from the VP1 region and sequence comparison with reference strains registered in Genbank was performed for the genotype determination. Results Most patients (98%) in this outbreak were children < 15 years of age. The temporal distribution of the E6 and E30 epidemics showed an obvious seasonal pattern during the short period from June to July. A large majority of the EV-positive patients experienced fever, headache, vomiting, and neck stiffness. Some patients also showed cold symptoms, sore throat, altered mental status, and seizures. We did not observe a higher fatality rate in children with E6 or E30 infection. Most of the patients recovered uneventfully. In most cases, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile was studied, and generally showed a higher than normal white blood cell count (≥ 5/mm^3). We detected EVs from 513 patients (67.68%) and identified the EV genotype in 287 patients. E30 (n = 155, 50.4%) and E6 (n = 95, 33.1%) were the predominant genotypes. E9, E1, E7, E16, coxsackievirus A3, 4, 6, coxsackievirus B1, 3, and 10 were also identified. According to phylogenetic analysis, E30 belonged to subgroup 4b, and E6, to the C4 subgroup. Conclusions Conclusively, aseptic meningitis was the most common manifestation in children with either Echovirus 30 or 6 infection. Identification of E6 and E30 as the prominent EVs in the 2008 outbreak in South Korea shows the potential of EVs to cause a serious disease in an unpredictable (fashion. Our findings provide new) insights into the clinical and virological features of the aseptic meningitis outbreak caused by E30 and E6.
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Genetic Diversity of Echovirus 6 Strains Circulating in Korea
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology, 2010Co-Authors: Eunhye Jung, Kwisung Park, Kyoungah Baek, Donguk Kim, Shien Young Kang, Byunghak Kang, Doo Sung CheonAbstract:Echovirus 6 (ECV6) is the prevalent serotype detected in aseptic meningitis cases in Korea. To analyze the genetic variation of ECV6 isolates recently circulating in Korea, we determined the partial sequence of the VP1 capsid gene from 22 Korean ECV6 isolates and performed pairwise analysis against 42 reference strains from the GenBank database using MegAlign. The 22 Korean ECV6 isolates formed 3 distinct genetic clusters: Kor-lineage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ. The Korean ECV6 strains showed significant genetic diversity with 14.8~22.8% nucleotide divergence among the 3 different lineages. These ECV6 Kor-lineages were demonstrated to belong to different genetic clusters using VP1 sequence-based phylogenetic analysis, implying that the recently circulating Korean ECV6 strains have potential antigenic variation.
Lizhi Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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surveillance and genetic characteristics of Echovirus 6 strains isolated from environmental sewage and aseptic encephalitis cases
Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaojuan Lin, Suting Wang, Zexin Tao, Guifang Liu, Lizhi SongAbstract:Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of Echovirus 6 (E-6) strains isolated from patients with acute meningitis/encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in 2014 and sewage samples in 2013—2014 in Shandong province and to investigate their correlations. Methods Enterovirus strains were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, stool and throat swab samples collected from 940 cases of AMES and 96 sewage samples used for environmental surveillance. The positive isolates were identified by molecular typing method. Homologous and phylogenetic analyses based on the VP1 sequences of E-6 isolates were performed. Results Altogether 47 E-6 strains were isolated from patients with AMES in 2014, accounting for 29.56% of all isolated enteroviruses (EVs) strains. No E-6 strains were isolated from AMES cases in 2013. Data of the environmental surveillance showed that E-6 virus strains had been frequently detected in sewage samples since the summer of 2013 to the end of 2014. In total, 40 E-6 virus strains were isolated (7.87% of total isolated EVs strains) in 2013 and 139 E-6 virus strains (26.18%) in 2014. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the E-6 isolates recruited in this study belonged to clusters A and C with high intracluster sequence identities between AMES and environmental isolates. The nucleotide identities were 98.3%-100% among cluster A E-6 virus strains isolated from AMES cases in 2014 and 96.6%-100% among cluster A E-6 virus environmental isolates during the surveillance year 2013—2014. The cluster A E-6 virus strains shared 97.1%-100% nucleotide identities between the AMES and environmental isolates. For cluster C E-6 virus strains, the nucleotide identities were 100%, 98.7%-100% and 99.1%-100%, respectively. Conclusion The epidemic of viral encephalitis in Shandong province in 2014 was associated the transmission of two lineages of E-6 virus. Environmental surveillance revealed the potential epidemic of E-6 virus even before the epidemic of viral encephalitis in Shandong province, indicating the possibility of using environmental surveillance for early warning of related diseases. Key words: Viral meningitis; Viral encephalitis; Environmental surveillance; Human Echovirus 6; Sequence homology; Phylogeny
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Genetic Characterization of Echovirus 6 Isolated from Meningitis and Encephalitis Cases in Shandong Province,China
Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaojuan Lin, Suting Wang, Zexin Tao, Guifang Liu, Lizhi Song, Min Wang, Haiyan WangAbstract:To analyze the genetic characteristics of Echovirus 6 (E6) isolated from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province, China, we collected cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province from 2007 to 2012 for virus isolation. Viral RNAs were extracted from positive isolates, and complete VP1 coding regions were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Six isolates were identified as E6 by microneutralization assay and molecular typing. The homology analysis showed that the six isolates had 78. 6%-99. 8% nucleotide and 95. 5%-100. 0% amino acid identities with each other, as well as 76. 9%-78. 4% nucleotide and 92. 3%-95. 1% amino acid identities with the prototype strain (D' Amori). The phylogenetic analysis based on the integrated VP1 sequences indicated that all Shandong E6 isolates could be separated into four clusters, designated as A, B, C, and D. The six E6 isolates belonged to clusters A, B, and D. Our study reveals high genetic differences between Shandong E6 isolates and suggests different transmission lineages of E6 co-circulated in Shandong Province.
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Intercity Spread of Echovirus 6 in Shandong Province, China: Application of Environmental Surveillance in Tracing Circulating Enteroviruses
Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Zexin Tao, Lizhi Song, Haiyan Wang, Yanyan Song, Yong Zhang, Hiromu Yoshida, Yao Liu, Ning CuiAbstract:Environmental surveillance is an effective approach in investigating circulating enteroviruses and had been conducted in the cities of Jinan and Linyi since February 2008 and April 2010, respectively. This study analyzed 46 sewage samples collected in the two cities in 2011 and found that Echovirus 6 (E6) was the predominant serotype, with 134 isolates (65 in Jinan and 69 in Linyi) from 23 (50%) samples. This differs from the 2010 data that found 29 E6 isolates in Jinan and only 3 in Linyi. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 coding region showed that all environmental E6 samples from 2008 to 2011 (n = 167) segregated into two lineages and revealed an increase in VP1 gene diversity in 2011, suggesting that the increased number of E6 detections reflects a real epidemic in the two cities. Most Linyi isolates (n = 61, or 88%) in 2011 segregated into sublineage 1a, together with 18 Jinan isolates in 2011. Interestingly, the ancestral VP1 sequence of sublineage 1a inferred using the maximum-likelihood method had 100% identity with the sequence of one environmental isolate from Jinan in August 2010, suggesting an intercity spread from Jinan to Linyi. By Bayesian phylodynamic methods, the most recent common ancestor of Linyi isolates in sublineage 1a dated back to 24 December 2010, revealing that this sublineage was likely imported into Linyi from August to December in 2010. This study demonstrates that environmental surveillance is a sensitive method in tracing transmission pathways of circulating enteroviruses among different regions and reveals that E6-associated aseptic meningitis is an emerging concern in China.
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Cocirculation of two transmission lineages of Echovirus 6 in jinan, china, as revealed by environmental surveillance and sequence analysis.
Applied and environmental microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Zexin Tao, Lizhi Song, Haiyan Wang, Yong Zhang, Hiromu Yoshida, Jing Yang, Yan ZhangAbstract:Enterovirus environmental surveillance on sewage from the city of Jinan, Shandong Province, China, was initiated in 2008. Thirty Echovirus 6 (E6) strains-1 in 2008 and 29 in 2010-were isolated and identified. Most E6 isolates (n = 21) came from the sewage collected on August 2010, revealing high local E6 activity at that time. Interestingly, the VP1 sequences of most isolates, even from the same sewage, were not identical. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 sequences revealed two lineages for these isolates, with 78.0 to 80.0% nucleotide identities with one another, 94.8 to 100.0% identity within the major lineage, and 92.7 to 98.5% identity within the minor one. The VP1 sequences of environmental isolates, clinical isolates from 1998 to 2010, and global E6 were subjected to evolutionary analysis using Bayesian phylodynamic methods. The inferred E6 VP1 ancestral sequence dated back to 1901 (range, 1873 to 1928) and evolved with 7.047 × 10(-3) substitutions per site per year. Shandong E6 segregated into three clusters, and the two environmental lineages belonged to clusters A and C, which originated in 2003 and 1992, respectively. The antigenicity analysis via neutralization assay confirmed great antigenic differences between Shandong isolates and a prototype strain. These findings underscore the value of continuous environmental surveillance and genetic analysis to monitor circulating enteroviruses in the population and give further insight into E6 evolution.
Gloria Trallero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recombination and evolutionary dynamics of human Echovirus 6.
Journal of medical virology, 2013Co-Authors: Maria Cabrerizo, Gloria Trallero, Peter SimmondsAbstract:Enterovirus (EV) infections are associated with a wide array of often severe disease presentations including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. Surveillance for polioviruses and other EVs is therefore important as a public health measure both for patient management and epidemiological studies. From 1988 to 2008, Echovirus (E) 30 was the predominant genotype in Spain (33.7% of the total typed EVs). E6 was also endemic throughout this period although isolated less frequently (12.5%). In 2009, however, a substantial increase in the incidence of E6 was detected (60%), displacing E30 type (2%). To investigate the evolution and recombination in the epidemiology and transmission of E6 in Spain, a genetic analysis in VP1 and 3Dpol regions of 67 Spanish strains collected during the period 2004-2010 was performed. All VP1 sequences clustered monophyletically in the assigned genogroup C, subgroup 9, currently the predominant circulating strains identified in Europe and elsewhere in the last 10 years. 3Dpol sequences were interspersed with other species B EVs resulting from several recombination events that generated at least 12 different recombinant forms (RFs) among study samples. These showed typically minimal divergence in VP1. The co-circulation of different lineages of E6 in the same geographical area associated with its mainly endemic pattern of transmission may have contributed to the extremely short estimated half-life of E6 RFs (0.87 years). This pattern contrasts markedly with other species B EVs and EV71 where VP1 lineage expansion and extinction occurred in step with defined recombination events and periodic changes in incidence.
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Molecular Characterization of Enteroviruses Associated With Neurological Infections in Spain, 2008
Journal of Medical Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Maria Cabrerizo, María José Mellado Peña, Gloria Trallero, Antonio Moreno-docón, Mercedes Pérez-ruiz, Juan E. Echevarría, Ana AvellónAbstract:In order to investigate the etiology of viral neurological infections in Spain, a national study was performed in 2008. The results obtained have been published. Enteroviruses were the most frequent cause of the aseptic meningitis and infant febrile syndromes. The present report supplements the previous study with the genotyping of the detected enteroviruses. Typing was by amplification of partial VP1 region and sequencing in 70 (53%) of the 132 available cerebrospinal fluid samples positive for enteroviruses. Twelve different genotypes within the B species were identified. Echovirus 4 was predominant (24%), followed by Echovirus 30 (19%), Echovirus 9 (17%), and Echovirus 6 (14%). In summary, a co-circulation of several enterovirus types associated with meningitis in children under 15 years old was observed. Although infrequently detected, Echovirus 4 was the predominant genotype identified due to an aseptic meningitis outbreak which occurred in the Canary Islands in 2008. J Med. Virol. 85:1975–1977, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Enteroviruses in Spain over the decade 1998-2007: virological and epidemiological studies.
Journal of Clinical Virology, 2009Co-Authors: Gloria Trallero, Ana Avellón, Almudena Otero, N. Rabella, T. Miguel, G. Rubio, Juan E. Echevarría, C Perez, Maria CabrerizoAbstract:Abstract Background Human enteroviruses (HEV) are the commonest cause of viral meningitis as well as other pathologies, therefore HEV characterization is important both in patient management and epidemiological investigation. Objectives A 10-year study of patients with enteroviral infection was carried out in Spain to determine the underlying etiology. Study design HEV were fully typed by microneutralisation tests and/or molecular methods. Results A collection of 86404 clinical samples were studied in several Spanish laboratories. These were collected from patients with different syndromes, mainly aseptic meningitis (AM), fever, respiratory diseases and acute flaccid paralysis. Of these, 6867 HEV were obtained. At the National Poliovirus Laboratory 2814 were serotypically characterised. Among non-polio enteroviruses, the eight main serotypes were Echovirus 30 (25%), Echovirus 6 (12.4%), Echovirus 13 (8.3%), Echovirus 11 (7.4%) and Echovirus 9 (4.7%), followed by Coxsackievirus B5 (4.2%) and Echovirus 7 and Coxsackievirus A9 (3.7%) each. In AM cases, Echovirus 30 was identified in 39% of them, followed by Echovirus 6 (14%). However, Echovirus 6 was mainly associated with respiratory disease (17%), followed by Echovirus 11 (10%). On the other hand, Echovirus 30, Echovirus 11 and Echovirus 6 contributed equally with 12% of each serotype in the cases of fever. Conclusions The present report complements previous data (Trallero et al. 13 ), with the results of HEV incidence in Spain from 1998 to 2007. The surveillance described in this study provided valuable information as to which serotypes are in circulation, the emergence of new HEV and association with clinical manifestations.
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Enteroviruses in Spain: virological and epidemiological studies over 10 years (1988-97).
Epidemiology and infection, 2000Co-Authors: Gloria Trallero, Inmaculada Casas, Antonio Tenorio, Juan Emilio Echevarría, A. Castellanos, Lozano A, Pilar Pérez BreñaAbstract:SUMMARY A total of 15662 clinical samples were analysed for enterovirus (EV) isolation in cell cultures during a 10-year period (1988‐97). Furthermore, 210 isolates of EV obtained in primary laboratories within Spain from patients with meningitis were characterized. The total number of EV typed was 758, including 727 non-polio EV and 31 Sabin-like (SL) polioviruses. Twentyeight EV serotypes were represented. Echoviruses comprised 90% (653}727) of fully typed nonpolio EV. The four most prevalent serotypes were Echovirus 30, Echovirus 9, Echovirus 6 and Echovirus 4. Echovirus 30 was the main serotype associated with meningitis. Echovirus 9 was the aetiological agent in 20 outbreaks of meningitis while the occurrence of Echovirus 6 was localized in 1 year (1997). Coxsackieviruses A and B occurred in 3 and 7% of the non-polio EV respectively. Coxsackievirus B5 presented the relative greater abundance. This paper examines the epidemiology of EV in Spain to serotype level over a 10-year period with special attention to non-polio EV associated with meningitis.
