The Experts below are selected from a list of 120276 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Keith Davids - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Ecological Dynamics conceptualisation of physical ‘education’: Where we have been and where we could go next
Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy, 2021Co-Authors: James Rudd, Ludovic Seifert, Carl T. Woods, Vanda Correia, Keith DavidsAbstract:Background: In this paper, we explore physical education from a relational worldview. Theoretically guided by an Ecological Dynamics framework, this perspective calls us to conceptualise ‘education...
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Handbook of Sport Psychology - Cognition, Emotion and Action in Sport: An Ecological Dynamics Perspective
Handbook of Sport Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Duarte Araújo, Keith Davids, Ian RenshawAbstract:Summary: In sport performance, patterns in perceptions, actions, intentions, ideas, feelings, and thoughts continuously emerge under environmental, task, and personal constraints. This chapter summarizes advances in Ecological Dynamics and discusses their implications for sport psychologists. Key concepts in Ecological Dynamics capture the nature of skill to regulate athlete performance behaviors in sport contexts, with clear implications for understanding performers and the learning process in preparation for performance. Viewing the role of cognition, perception, and action in sport performance from this perspective provides a principled, integrated systems focus on athlete behaviors for sport psychology practice. Emotions play a significant role in regulating behaviors that emerge in sports performance contexts as well as influencing learning experiences. The key principles of ALD will be valuable in the design of skill acquisition programs in athlete development from junior to senior levels. [Publisher's website]
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Training programme designs in professional team sport: An Ecological Dynamics exemplar
Human movement science, 2019Co-Authors: Carl T. Woods, Keith Davids, Ian Mckeown, Richard J. Shuttleworth, Sam RobertsonAbstract:Ecological Dynamics is a contemporary theory of skill acquisition, advocating the mutuality of the performer-environment system, with clear implications for the design of innovative training environments in elite sport. It contends that performance behaviours emerge, and are adapted, by athletes satisfying a confluence of constraints impacting on their structural and functional capacities, the physics of a performance environment and the intended task goals. This framework implicates contemporary models of coaching, training design and sport science support, to stimulate continuous interactions between an individual and performance environment, predicated on representative learning designs (RLD). While theoretical principles of RLD in Ecological Dynamics are tangible, their practical application in elite and high level (team) sports need verification. Here, we exemplify how data sampled from a high-performance team sport setting could underpin innovative methodologies to support practitioners in designing representative training activities. We highlight how the use of principles grounded within Ecological Dynamics, along with data from performance analytics, could suggest contemporary models of coaching and preparation for performance in elite sport.
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Evaluating Weaknesses of "Perceptual-Cognitive Training" and "Brain Training" Methods in Sport: An Ecological Dynamics Critique.
Frontiers in psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Ian Renshaw, Duarte Araújo, Keith Davids, Ana Lucas, William M Roberts, Daniel Newcombe, Benjamin FranksAbstract:The recent upsurge in “brain training and perceptual-cognitive training,” proposing to improve isolated processes, such as brain function, visual perception, and decision-making, has created significant interest in elite sports practitioners, seeking to create an “edge” for athletes. The claims of these related “performance-enhancing industries” can be considered together as part of a process training approach proposing enhanced cognitive and perceptual skills and brain capacity to support performance in everyday life activities, including sport. For example, the “process training industry” promotes the idea that playing games not only makes you a better player but also makes you smarter, more alert, and a faster learner. In this position paper, we critically evaluate the effectiveness of both types of process training programmes in generalizing transfer to sport performance. These issues are addressed in three stages. First, we evaluate empirical evidence in support of perceptual-cognitive process training and its application to enhancing sport performance. Second, we critically review putative modularized mechanisms underpinning this kind of training, addressing limitations and subsequent problems. Specifically, we consider merits of this highly specific form of training, which focuses on training of isolated processes such as cognitive processes (attention, memory, thinking) and visual perception processes, separately from performance behaviors and actions. We conclude that these approaches may, at best, provide some “general transfer” of underlying processes to specific sport environments, but lack “specificity of transfer” to contextualize actual performance behaviors. A major weakness of process training methods is their focus on enhancing the performance in body “modules” (e.g., eye, brain, memory, anticipatory sub-systems). What is lacking is evidence on how these isolated components are modified and subsequently interact with other process “modules,” which are considered to underlie sport performance. Finally, we propose how an Ecological Dynamics approach, aligned with an embodied framework of cognition undermines the rationale that modularized processes can enhance performance in competitive sport. An Ecological Dynamics perspective proposes that the body is a complex adaptive system, interacting with performance environments in a functionally integrated manner, emphasizing that the inter-relation between motor processes, cognitive and perceptual functions, and the constraints of a sport task is best understood at the performer-environment scale of analysis.
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Affordances guiding Forest School practice: the application of the Ecological Dynamics approach
Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 2018Co-Authors: Vinathe Sharma-brymer, Eric Brymer, Tonia Gray, Keith DavidsAbstract:Forest School focuses on child development underlining nature-connection and play pedagogy. Practitioners facilitate child-led learning through a deep observation approach. However, challenges and assumptions exist in such approaches. Additionally, a critical examination of the practice reveals that it may be lacking a solid theoretical underpinning that can respond to diverse contexts and participants while escaping a one-size-fits-all approach encouraged by commercialisation. Ecological Dynamics offers a theoretical framework that has the potential to guide Forest School practice and clarify its effectiveness. Specifically, notions of affordances combined with analysis at the level of person-environment relationships could guide future design and implementation of activities. Benefits could include realising and attuning to affordances which have sociocultural and individual connotations, thereby respecting local cultures and their community resources. The role of the Forest School practitioner becomes one of facilitating diverse populations in their perception of affordances in nature for individualised benefits, including well-being.
Duarte Araújo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Handbook of Sport Psychology - Cognition, Emotion and Action in Sport: An Ecological Dynamics Perspective
Handbook of Sport Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Duarte Araújo, Keith Davids, Ian RenshawAbstract:Summary: In sport performance, patterns in perceptions, actions, intentions, ideas, feelings, and thoughts continuously emerge under environmental, task, and personal constraints. This chapter summarizes advances in Ecological Dynamics and discusses their implications for sport psychologists. Key concepts in Ecological Dynamics capture the nature of skill to regulate athlete performance behaviors in sport contexts, with clear implications for understanding performers and the learning process in preparation for performance. Viewing the role of cognition, perception, and action in sport performance from this perspective provides a principled, integrated systems focus on athlete behaviors for sport psychology practice. Emotions play a significant role in regulating behaviors that emerge in sports performance contexts as well as influencing learning experiences. The key principles of ALD will be valuable in the design of skill acquisition programs in athlete development from junior to senior levels. [Publisher's website]
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Evaluating Weaknesses of "Perceptual-Cognitive Training" and "Brain Training" Methods in Sport: An Ecological Dynamics Critique.
Frontiers in psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Ian Renshaw, Duarte Araújo, Keith Davids, Ana Lucas, William M Roberts, Daniel Newcombe, Benjamin FranksAbstract:The recent upsurge in “brain training and perceptual-cognitive training,” proposing to improve isolated processes, such as brain function, visual perception, and decision-making, has created significant interest in elite sports practitioners, seeking to create an “edge” for athletes. The claims of these related “performance-enhancing industries” can be considered together as part of a process training approach proposing enhanced cognitive and perceptual skills and brain capacity to support performance in everyday life activities, including sport. For example, the “process training industry” promotes the idea that playing games not only makes you a better player but also makes you smarter, more alert, and a faster learner. In this position paper, we critically evaluate the effectiveness of both types of process training programmes in generalizing transfer to sport performance. These issues are addressed in three stages. First, we evaluate empirical evidence in support of perceptual-cognitive process training and its application to enhancing sport performance. Second, we critically review putative modularized mechanisms underpinning this kind of training, addressing limitations and subsequent problems. Specifically, we consider merits of this highly specific form of training, which focuses on training of isolated processes such as cognitive processes (attention, memory, thinking) and visual perception processes, separately from performance behaviors and actions. We conclude that these approaches may, at best, provide some “general transfer” of underlying processes to specific sport environments, but lack “specificity of transfer” to contextualize actual performance behaviors. A major weakness of process training methods is their focus on enhancing the performance in body “modules” (e.g., eye, brain, memory, anticipatory sub-systems). What is lacking is evidence on how these isolated components are modified and subsequently interact with other process “modules,” which are considered to underlie sport performance. Finally, we propose how an Ecological Dynamics approach, aligned with an embodied framework of cognition undermines the rationale that modularized processes can enhance performance in competitive sport. An Ecological Dynamics perspective proposes that the body is a complex adaptive system, interacting with performance environments in a functionally integrated manner, emphasizing that the inter-relation between motor processes, cognitive and perceptual functions, and the constraints of a sport task is best understood at the performer-environment scale of analysis.
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Understanding constraints on sport performance from the complexity sciences paradigm: An Ecological Dynamics framework.
Human movement science, 2017Co-Authors: Ludovic Seifert, Duarte Araújo, John Komar, Keith DavidsAbstract:Glazier’s suggestion for the constraints-led approach as a GUT for sport performance is a worthy proposal. What is missing from these preliminary insights is a principled basis, in the form of pillars, for understanding the cornerstones of the sports medicine profession, and this lack of an overarching theoretical framework is also somewhat of a limitation in Glazier's initial ideas, as we argue later. Here we suggest that his preliminary proposal would benefit from considering a more comprehensive ontological positioning within the complexity sciences paradigm to benefit from conceptualising athletes and sports teams as complex adaptive systems. We argue that Ecological Dynamics provides a more encompassing rationale than the constraint-led approach because it is a multi-dimensional theoretical framework shaped by many relevant disciplines.
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The ARCANE Project: How an Ecological Dynamics Framework Can Enhance Performance Assessment and Prediction in Football
Sports Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Micael S. Couceiro, Duarte Araújo, Gonçalo Dias, Keith DavidsAbstract:This paper discusses how an Ecological Dynamics framework can be implemented to interpret data, design practice tasks and interpret athletic performance in collective sports, exemplified here by research ideas within the Augmented peRCeption ANalysis framEwork for Football (ARCANE) project promoting an augmented perception of football teams for scientists and practitioners. An Ecological Dynamics rationale can provide an interpretation of athletes’ positional and physiological data during performance, using new methods to assess athletes’ behaviours in real-time and, to some extent, predict health and performance outcomes. The proposed approach signals practical applications for coaches, sports analysts, exercise physiologists and practitioners through merging a large volume of data into a smaller set of variables, resulting in a deeper analysis than typical measures of performance outcomes of competitive games.
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What could an Ecological Dynamics rationale offer Quiet Eye research? Comment on Vickers
Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS), 2016Co-Authors: Keith Davids, Duarte AraújoAbstract:In this commentary, we respond to suggestions in previous Quiet Eye (QE) research that future work is needed to understand how theories of Ecological psychology and nonlinear Dynamics might frame empirical and practical work. We raise questions on the assumptions behind an information processing explanation for programming of parameters such as duration, onsets and offsets of QE, and we concur with previous calls for more research considering how visual search behaviours, such as QE, emerge under interacting personal, task and environmental constraints. However, initial work needs to frame a more general Ecological Dynamics explanation for QE, capturing how a process-oriented approach is needed to address how perceived affordances and adaptive functional variability might shape emergent coordination tendencies, including QE, in individual performers.
Nelson G. Hairston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rapid evolution drives Ecological Dynamics in a predator–prey system
Nature, 2003Co-Authors: Takehito Yoshida, Laura E. Jones, Stephen P. Ellner, Gregor F. Fussmann, Nelson G. HairstonAbstract:Ecological and evolutionary Dynamics can occur on similar timescales. However, theoretical predictions of how rapid evolution can affect Ecological Dynamics are inconclusive and often depend on untested model assumptions. Here we report that rapid prey evolution in response to oscillating predator density affects predator-prey (rotifer-algal) cycles in laboratory microcosms. Our experiments tested explicit predictions from a model for our system that allows prey evolution. We verified the predicted existence of an evolutionary tradeoff between algal competitive ability and defence against consumption, and examined its effects on cycle Dynamics by manipulating the evolutionary potential of the prey population. Single-clone algal cultures (lacking genetic variability) produced short cycle periods and typical quarter-period phase lags between prey and predator densities, whereas multi-clonal (genetically variable) algal cultures produced long cycles with prey and predator densities nearly out of phase, exactly as predicted. These results confirm that prey evolution can substantially alter predator-prey Dynamics, and therefore that attempts to understand population oscillations in nature cannot neglect potential effects from ongoing rapid evolution.
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rapid evolution drives Ecological Dynamics in a predator prey system
Nature, 2003Co-Authors: Takehito Yoshida, Laura E. Jones, Stephen P. Ellner, Gregor F. Fussmann, Nelson G. HairstonAbstract:Ecological and evolutionary Dynamics can occur on similar timescales. However, theoretical predictions of how rapid evolution can affect Ecological Dynamics are inconclusive and often depend on untested model assumptions. Here we report that rapid prey evolution in response to oscillating predator density affects predator-prey (rotifer-algal) cycles in laboratory microcosms. Our experiments tested explicit predictions from a model for our system that allows prey evolution. We verified the predicted existence of an evolutionary tradeoff between algal competitive ability and defence against consumption, and examined its effects on cycle Dynamics by manipulating the evolutionary potential of the prey population. Single-clone algal cultures (lacking genetic variability) produced short cycle periods and typical quarter-period phase lags between prey and predator densities, whereas multi-clonal (genetically variable) algal cultures produced long cycles with prey and predator densities nearly out of phase, exactly as predicted. These results confirm that prey evolution can substantially alter predator-prey Dynamics, and therefore that attempts to understand population oscillations in nature cannot neglect potential effects from ongoing rapid evolution.
Gregor F. Fussmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rapid evolution drives Ecological Dynamics in a predator–prey system
Nature, 2003Co-Authors: Takehito Yoshida, Laura E. Jones, Stephen P. Ellner, Gregor F. Fussmann, Nelson G. HairstonAbstract:Ecological and evolutionary Dynamics can occur on similar timescales. However, theoretical predictions of how rapid evolution can affect Ecological Dynamics are inconclusive and often depend on untested model assumptions. Here we report that rapid prey evolution in response to oscillating predator density affects predator-prey (rotifer-algal) cycles in laboratory microcosms. Our experiments tested explicit predictions from a model for our system that allows prey evolution. We verified the predicted existence of an evolutionary tradeoff between algal competitive ability and defence against consumption, and examined its effects on cycle Dynamics by manipulating the evolutionary potential of the prey population. Single-clone algal cultures (lacking genetic variability) produced short cycle periods and typical quarter-period phase lags between prey and predator densities, whereas multi-clonal (genetically variable) algal cultures produced long cycles with prey and predator densities nearly out of phase, exactly as predicted. These results confirm that prey evolution can substantially alter predator-prey Dynamics, and therefore that attempts to understand population oscillations in nature cannot neglect potential effects from ongoing rapid evolution.
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rapid evolution drives Ecological Dynamics in a predator prey system
Nature, 2003Co-Authors: Takehito Yoshida, Laura E. Jones, Stephen P. Ellner, Gregor F. Fussmann, Nelson G. HairstonAbstract:Ecological and evolutionary Dynamics can occur on similar timescales. However, theoretical predictions of how rapid evolution can affect Ecological Dynamics are inconclusive and often depend on untested model assumptions. Here we report that rapid prey evolution in response to oscillating predator density affects predator-prey (rotifer-algal) cycles in laboratory microcosms. Our experiments tested explicit predictions from a model for our system that allows prey evolution. We verified the predicted existence of an evolutionary tradeoff between algal competitive ability and defence against consumption, and examined its effects on cycle Dynamics by manipulating the evolutionary potential of the prey population. Single-clone algal cultures (lacking genetic variability) produced short cycle periods and typical quarter-period phase lags between prey and predator densities, whereas multi-clonal (genetically variable) algal cultures produced long cycles with prey and predator densities nearly out of phase, exactly as predicted. These results confirm that prey evolution can substantially alter predator-prey Dynamics, and therefore that attempts to understand population oscillations in nature cannot neglect potential effects from ongoing rapid evolution.
Takehito Yoshida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rapid evolution drives Ecological Dynamics in a predator–prey system
Nature, 2003Co-Authors: Takehito Yoshida, Laura E. Jones, Stephen P. Ellner, Gregor F. Fussmann, Nelson G. HairstonAbstract:Ecological and evolutionary Dynamics can occur on similar timescales. However, theoretical predictions of how rapid evolution can affect Ecological Dynamics are inconclusive and often depend on untested model assumptions. Here we report that rapid prey evolution in response to oscillating predator density affects predator-prey (rotifer-algal) cycles in laboratory microcosms. Our experiments tested explicit predictions from a model for our system that allows prey evolution. We verified the predicted existence of an evolutionary tradeoff between algal competitive ability and defence against consumption, and examined its effects on cycle Dynamics by manipulating the evolutionary potential of the prey population. Single-clone algal cultures (lacking genetic variability) produced short cycle periods and typical quarter-period phase lags between prey and predator densities, whereas multi-clonal (genetically variable) algal cultures produced long cycles with prey and predator densities nearly out of phase, exactly as predicted. These results confirm that prey evolution can substantially alter predator-prey Dynamics, and therefore that attempts to understand population oscillations in nature cannot neglect potential effects from ongoing rapid evolution.
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rapid evolution drives Ecological Dynamics in a predator prey system
Nature, 2003Co-Authors: Takehito Yoshida, Laura E. Jones, Stephen P. Ellner, Gregor F. Fussmann, Nelson G. HairstonAbstract:Ecological and evolutionary Dynamics can occur on similar timescales. However, theoretical predictions of how rapid evolution can affect Ecological Dynamics are inconclusive and often depend on untested model assumptions. Here we report that rapid prey evolution in response to oscillating predator density affects predator-prey (rotifer-algal) cycles in laboratory microcosms. Our experiments tested explicit predictions from a model for our system that allows prey evolution. We verified the predicted existence of an evolutionary tradeoff between algal competitive ability and defence against consumption, and examined its effects on cycle Dynamics by manipulating the evolutionary potential of the prey population. Single-clone algal cultures (lacking genetic variability) produced short cycle periods and typical quarter-period phase lags between prey and predator densities, whereas multi-clonal (genetically variable) algal cultures produced long cycles with prey and predator densities nearly out of phase, exactly as predicted. These results confirm that prey evolution can substantially alter predator-prey Dynamics, and therefore that attempts to understand population oscillations in nature cannot neglect potential effects from ongoing rapid evolution.
