The Experts below are selected from a list of 300 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew W. Fogarty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the association between living through a prolonged Economic Depression and the male female birth ratio a longitudinal study from cuba 1960 2008
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Silvia Josefina Venero Fernández, Ramón Suárez Medina, John Britton, Andrew W. FogartyAbstract:The Trivers-Willard hypothesis suggests that populations respond to scarcity by decreasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. Cuba experienced an extreme Economic Depression in the 1990s called the ‘‘special period.’’ Using time-series analysis, the authors studied the impact of this event on the male:female sex ratio at birth in Cuba from 1960 to 2008. From 1990 to 1993, the per capita gross domestic product in Cuba decreased by 36%. By use of a definition of the special period from 1991 to 1998, there was a prolonged increase in the male:female ratio of livebirths during this period of Economic Depression (P < 0.001), from 1.06 at baseline to a peak of 1.18. This association persisted when using alternative definitions of the duration of Economic Depression in sensitivity analyses. Once the period of Economic Depression was over, the male:female ratio returned to the baseline value. These data suggest that, in Cuba, contrary to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, the human population responded to conditions of scarcity by increasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. These data may be relevant in the modeling of demographic projections in countries that experience prolonged Economic Depression and in understanding adaptive human reproductive responses to environmental change.
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The Association Between Living Through a Prolonged Economic Depression and the Male:Female Birth Ratio—A Longitudinal Study From Cuba, 1960–2008
American journal of epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Silvia Josefina Venero Fernández, Ramón Suárez Medina, John Britton, Andrew W. FogartyAbstract:The Trivers-Willard hypothesis suggests that populations respond to scarcity by decreasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. Cuba experienced an extreme Economic Depression in the 1990s called the ‘‘special period.’’ Using time-series analysis, the authors studied the impact of this event on the male:female sex ratio at birth in Cuba from 1960 to 2008. From 1990 to 1993, the per capita gross domestic product in Cuba decreased by 36%. By use of a definition of the special period from 1991 to 1998, there was a prolonged increase in the male:female ratio of livebirths during this period of Economic Depression (P < 0.001), from 1.06 at baseline to a peak of 1.18. This association persisted when using alternative definitions of the duration of Economic Depression in sensitivity analyses. Once the period of Economic Depression was over, the male:female ratio returned to the baseline value. These data suggest that, in Cuba, contrary to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, the human population responded to conditions of scarcity by increasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. These data may be relevant in the modeling of demographic projections in countries that experience prolonged Economic Depression and in understanding adaptive human reproductive responses to environmental change.
Silvia Josefina Venero Fernández - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the association between living through a prolonged Economic Depression and the male female birth ratio a longitudinal study from cuba 1960 2008
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Silvia Josefina Venero Fernández, Ramón Suárez Medina, John Britton, Andrew W. FogartyAbstract:The Trivers-Willard hypothesis suggests that populations respond to scarcity by decreasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. Cuba experienced an extreme Economic Depression in the 1990s called the ‘‘special period.’’ Using time-series analysis, the authors studied the impact of this event on the male:female sex ratio at birth in Cuba from 1960 to 2008. From 1990 to 1993, the per capita gross domestic product in Cuba decreased by 36%. By use of a definition of the special period from 1991 to 1998, there was a prolonged increase in the male:female ratio of livebirths during this period of Economic Depression (P < 0.001), from 1.06 at baseline to a peak of 1.18. This association persisted when using alternative definitions of the duration of Economic Depression in sensitivity analyses. Once the period of Economic Depression was over, the male:female ratio returned to the baseline value. These data suggest that, in Cuba, contrary to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, the human population responded to conditions of scarcity by increasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. These data may be relevant in the modeling of demographic projections in countries that experience prolonged Economic Depression and in understanding adaptive human reproductive responses to environmental change.
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The Association Between Living Through a Prolonged Economic Depression and the Male:Female Birth Ratio—A Longitudinal Study From Cuba, 1960–2008
American journal of epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Silvia Josefina Venero Fernández, Ramón Suárez Medina, John Britton, Andrew W. FogartyAbstract:The Trivers-Willard hypothesis suggests that populations respond to scarcity by decreasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. Cuba experienced an extreme Economic Depression in the 1990s called the ‘‘special period.’’ Using time-series analysis, the authors studied the impact of this event on the male:female sex ratio at birth in Cuba from 1960 to 2008. From 1990 to 1993, the per capita gross domestic product in Cuba decreased by 36%. By use of a definition of the special period from 1991 to 1998, there was a prolonged increase in the male:female ratio of livebirths during this period of Economic Depression (P < 0.001), from 1.06 at baseline to a peak of 1.18. This association persisted when using alternative definitions of the duration of Economic Depression in sensitivity analyses. Once the period of Economic Depression was over, the male:female ratio returned to the baseline value. These data suggest that, in Cuba, contrary to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, the human population responded to conditions of scarcity by increasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. These data may be relevant in the modeling of demographic projections in countries that experience prolonged Economic Depression and in understanding adaptive human reproductive responses to environmental change.
Aleksandar Naumoski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THE EFFECTS ON THE AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY DURING THE GREAT Economic Depression
Journal of Economics, 2016Co-Authors: Stevan Gaber, Vasilka Gaber-naumoska, Aleksandar NaumoskiAbstract:The Great Depression of 1929 created significant consequences for the US economy and world economy that are detected through serious changes in output and prices. It contributed to put greater emphasis on aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Many economists agreed that in addition to monetary factors major impact on the crisis had also non-monetary factors. Numerous studies have indicated that even the gold standard played an important role in reducing output and the price level. This paper attempts to highlight key segments, such as the wrong monetary policy, the gold standard, neglected banking problems, political pressure aimed at relaxing the monetary policy as areas that have made mistakes when looking a way out of the crisis. The critics of such thesis believed that the tighter monetary policy was not strong enough to cause so far-reaching consequences and expressed serious doubts that the reduced money supply is the real cause of the collapse of the national product and price levels. According to some authors the use of the gold standard allowed a significant decline in the supply of money in order to survive as the monetary standard of the time despite his suspension during the war period because violated international trade and capital flows. Customs war in the 1930s is considered to be a serious cause for deepening the Economic crisis which returned protectionism in Economic policies on the world scene. Besides the analysis of aggregate demand considerable attention is paid to the aggregate supply expressed through the effects of financial crises and the rigidity of nominal wages. The paper also reviews the channels of debt deflation and stability of the banking capital.
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The Great Economic Depression and the Fiscal Policy
Journal of Economics, 2016Co-Authors: Vasilka Gaber-naumoska, Stevan Gaber, Aleksandar NaumoskiAbstract:The Great Depression is known as one of the biggest crises in Economic history which caused serious Economic consequences expressed through increased unemployment, high rates of deflation, bank panic, banking crisis and bankruptcies of many companies and households. The fascination of many economists from this crisis was the main cause of the preparation of this work that aims to capture the overall crisis and to see different views of numerous economists about the reasons that led to the appearance of the same, but also the solutions to overcome it. The paper reviews the different posts of economists, beginning with those who felt that the crisis was caused by monetary factors (tight monetary policy, the gold standard, vulnerable banking system), other authors who considered that the reasons lie in the real sector, and third in the insufficient aggregate demand. Furthermore, the paper examines the Keynesian theory and her attempt to explain and overcome the crises and their views on the increased activity of the state in periods of low Economic growth and high unemployment. Keynes succeeded by his revolutionary work to refute all previous views that the market alone manages to declare balance in the economy and that the role of the state should be minimized. Keynes's focus was on capital investments, i.e. the execution of public works which will generate new jobs that can influence to boost consumption. That kind of capital investment in terms of Depression should be the main substitute for private investment. The last section elaborates the fiscal measures incorporated in the so-called New Deal of President Roosevelt which were represented through substantial increase in public spending, but such an inevitable march was preceded by the abolition of numerous tax exemptions.
John Britton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the association between living through a prolonged Economic Depression and the male female birth ratio a longitudinal study from cuba 1960 2008
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Silvia Josefina Venero Fernández, Ramón Suárez Medina, John Britton, Andrew W. FogartyAbstract:The Trivers-Willard hypothesis suggests that populations respond to scarcity by decreasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. Cuba experienced an extreme Economic Depression in the 1990s called the ‘‘special period.’’ Using time-series analysis, the authors studied the impact of this event on the male:female sex ratio at birth in Cuba from 1960 to 2008. From 1990 to 1993, the per capita gross domestic product in Cuba decreased by 36%. By use of a definition of the special period from 1991 to 1998, there was a prolonged increase in the male:female ratio of livebirths during this period of Economic Depression (P < 0.001), from 1.06 at baseline to a peak of 1.18. This association persisted when using alternative definitions of the duration of Economic Depression in sensitivity analyses. Once the period of Economic Depression was over, the male:female ratio returned to the baseline value. These data suggest that, in Cuba, contrary to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, the human population responded to conditions of scarcity by increasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. These data may be relevant in the modeling of demographic projections in countries that experience prolonged Economic Depression and in understanding adaptive human reproductive responses to environmental change.
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The Association Between Living Through a Prolonged Economic Depression and the Male:Female Birth Ratio—A Longitudinal Study From Cuba, 1960–2008
American journal of epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Silvia Josefina Venero Fernández, Ramón Suárez Medina, John Britton, Andrew W. FogartyAbstract:The Trivers-Willard hypothesis suggests that populations respond to scarcity by decreasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. Cuba experienced an extreme Economic Depression in the 1990s called the ‘‘special period.’’ Using time-series analysis, the authors studied the impact of this event on the male:female sex ratio at birth in Cuba from 1960 to 2008. From 1990 to 1993, the per capita gross domestic product in Cuba decreased by 36%. By use of a definition of the special period from 1991 to 1998, there was a prolonged increase in the male:female ratio of livebirths during this period of Economic Depression (P < 0.001), from 1.06 at baseline to a peak of 1.18. This association persisted when using alternative definitions of the duration of Economic Depression in sensitivity analyses. Once the period of Economic Depression was over, the male:female ratio returned to the baseline value. These data suggest that, in Cuba, contrary to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, the human population responded to conditions of scarcity by increasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. These data may be relevant in the modeling of demographic projections in countries that experience prolonged Economic Depression and in understanding adaptive human reproductive responses to environmental change.
Ramón Suárez Medina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the association between living through a prolonged Economic Depression and the male female birth ratio a longitudinal study from cuba 1960 2008
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Silvia Josefina Venero Fernández, Ramón Suárez Medina, John Britton, Andrew W. FogartyAbstract:The Trivers-Willard hypothesis suggests that populations respond to scarcity by decreasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. Cuba experienced an extreme Economic Depression in the 1990s called the ‘‘special period.’’ Using time-series analysis, the authors studied the impact of this event on the male:female sex ratio at birth in Cuba from 1960 to 2008. From 1990 to 1993, the per capita gross domestic product in Cuba decreased by 36%. By use of a definition of the special period from 1991 to 1998, there was a prolonged increase in the male:female ratio of livebirths during this period of Economic Depression (P < 0.001), from 1.06 at baseline to a peak of 1.18. This association persisted when using alternative definitions of the duration of Economic Depression in sensitivity analyses. Once the period of Economic Depression was over, the male:female ratio returned to the baseline value. These data suggest that, in Cuba, contrary to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, the human population responded to conditions of scarcity by increasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. These data may be relevant in the modeling of demographic projections in countries that experience prolonged Economic Depression and in understanding adaptive human reproductive responses to environmental change.
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The Association Between Living Through a Prolonged Economic Depression and the Male:Female Birth Ratio—A Longitudinal Study From Cuba, 1960–2008
American journal of epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Silvia Josefina Venero Fernández, Ramón Suárez Medina, John Britton, Andrew W. FogartyAbstract:The Trivers-Willard hypothesis suggests that populations respond to scarcity by decreasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. Cuba experienced an extreme Economic Depression in the 1990s called the ‘‘special period.’’ Using time-series analysis, the authors studied the impact of this event on the male:female sex ratio at birth in Cuba from 1960 to 2008. From 1990 to 1993, the per capita gross domestic product in Cuba decreased by 36%. By use of a definition of the special period from 1991 to 1998, there was a prolonged increase in the male:female ratio of livebirths during this period of Economic Depression (P < 0.001), from 1.06 at baseline to a peak of 1.18. This association persisted when using alternative definitions of the duration of Economic Depression in sensitivity analyses. Once the period of Economic Depression was over, the male:female ratio returned to the baseline value. These data suggest that, in Cuba, contrary to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, the human population responded to conditions of scarcity by increasing the ratio of males to females at livebirth. These data may be relevant in the modeling of demographic projections in countries that experience prolonged Economic Depression and in understanding adaptive human reproductive responses to environmental change.
