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Zhenming Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrated process for recycling aluminum electrolytic capacitors from waste printed circuit boards: Disassembly, heat treatment and magnetic–Eddy Current–electrostatic separating
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017Co-Authors: Jianbo Wang, Zhenming XuAbstract:Abstract An aluminum electrolytic capacitor (AEC), mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB), is an integral part of any electronic product. Currently, a great many waste AECs are generated from almost all kinds of end-of-life electronic products. The waste AEC is hazardous waste because the electrolyte contained in it is toxic, demanding safe disposal. However, the recycling technology has been poorly developed. This article presented a novel attempt to deal with AECs disassembled from waste PCBs, including heat treatment, crushing, and multistage physical Separations. Firstly, the electrolyte contained in waste AECs was removed by heat treatment. Secondly, the residue was crushed to liberate metals (aluminum and iron) from nonmetals, and the pins (iron) were magnetically separated from other substances. Thirdly, the remaining components were sieved, and the particles with the particle size >1.6 mm were subjected to Eddy Current Separation, and the particles with the particle size
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key factors of Eddy Current Separation for recovering aluminum from crushed e waste
Waste Management, 2017Co-Authors: Jujun Ruan, Jie Zheng, Lipeng Dong, Tao Zhang, Mingzhi Huang, Zhenming XuAbstract:Abstract Recovery of e-waste in China had caused serious pollutions. Eddy Current Separation is an environment-friendly technology of separating nonferrous metallic particles from crushed e-waste. However, due to complex particle characters, Separation efficiency of traditional Eddy Current separator was low. In production, controllable operation factors of Eddy Current Separation are feeding speed, ( ωR − v ), and S p . There is little special information about influencing mechanism and critical parameters of these factors in Eddy Current Separation. This paper provided the special information of these key factors in Eddy Current Separation of recovering aluminum particles from crushed waste refrigerator cabinets. Detachment angles increased as the increase of ( ωR − v ). Separation efficiency increased with the growing of detachment angles. Aluminum particles were completely separated from plastic particles in critical parameters of feeding speed 0.5 m/s and detachment angles greater than 6.61 deg. S p / S m of aluminum particles in crushed waste refrigerators ranged from 0.08 to 0.51. Separation efficiency increased as the increase of S p / S m . This enlightened us to develop new separator to separate smaller nonferrous metallic particles in e-waste recovery. High feeding speed destroyed Separation efficiency. However, greater S p of aluminum particles brought positive impact on Separation efficiency. Greater S p could increase critical feeding speed to offer greater throughput of Eddy Current Separation. This paper will guide Eddy Current Separation in production of recovering nonferrous metals from crushed e-waste.
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Eddy Current Separation technology for recycling printed circuit boards from crushed cell phones
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017Co-Authors: Jia Li, Yiqun Jiang, Zhenming XuAbstract:Abstract Eddy Current Separation (ECS) is a classic method to separate light metal (aluminum) from plastic in the recycling industry. The aim of this paper is to present an innovative method that using the ECS to separate the printed circuit board (PCB) from the plastic generated from the crushed cell phone. A theoretical model of particle trajectory was established. On the basis of the computer simulation, it is found that ECS can be used to separate PCB from plastic with specific parameters. With the help of Design-Expert, the optimum Separation conditions and selected operating parameters are analyzed with different velocities of feeding belt ( v ), rotating speeds of magnetic roller (ω), and radius of the particle ( R p ). The Separation gets its optimal condition ( v = 1.18 m/s, ω = 3000 rpm, R p = 8.44 mm) by model calculation. A practical experiment showed that the Separation efficiency reached 95.54%.
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hollow aluminum particle in Eddy Current Separation of recovering waste toner cartridges
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Jie Zheng, Jujun Ruan, Lipeng Dong, Tao Zhang, Mingzhi Huang, Zhenming XuAbstract:Abundant waste toner cartridges have been generated from the use of printers. They contain aluminum, plastic, steel, and toner. Waste toner cartridges will pollute the environment if they are not properly treated. An environment-friendly recovery line of waste toner cartridges had been constructed in our previous work. Eddy Current Separation was employed to separate aluminum particles from plastic particles of crushed waste toner cartridges. However, hollow aluminum particles existed in crushed waste toner cartridges, and they have a rather low Separation rate from plastic particles. There was little information about hollow aluminum particles in Eddy Current Separation. For improvement of the efficiency of Eddy Current Separation, models of Eddy Current force and movement behaviors of hollow aluminum particles in Eddy Current Separation were established. In a comparison of horizontal throws of hollow aluminum particles to solid aluminum particles, we found hollow characters greatly decreased the horizon...
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Constructing environment-friendly return road of metals from e-waste: Combination of physical Separation technologies
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Jujun Ruan, Zhenming XuAbstract:Metals are vital raw materials for industrial production and are consuming rapidly as the development of the world. People are always enthusiasm about searching new metal resource even if the results are more and more disappointed. Thus, return of consumed metals is crucial for substantial development of the world. E-waste was rapidly generated together with the innovation of electronic industry. E-waste is called urban mine and metals accounted for above 70wt%. Recover e-waste is significant for returning metals. However, because of employing crude recovery technology, serious environmental pollution had been generated in the places of recovering e-waste. Environment-friendly and efficient technology has been the pressing demand in the return of metals from e-waste. This paper reported how to construct environment-friendly return road of metals from e-waste. The road was advised to be constructed by physical technologies of crushing, magnetic Separation, Eddy Current Separation, corona electrostatic Separation, vacuum metallurgy Separation and et al. For improving the efficient of the return road, the finished and future works of each technology were presented and proposed. For improving the added value of the recovered metals, further processing was planned in the return road. Additionally, some efforts on environmental friendly construction of the return road were presented. At last, three constructed return roads of metals (above 88wt% metals were recovered) from e-waste were reported. We expect this paper can contribute to the treatment of e-waste and the development of cyclic economy.
Jujun Ruan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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key factors of Eddy Current Separation for recovering aluminum from crushed e waste
Waste Management, 2017Co-Authors: Jujun Ruan, Jie Zheng, Lipeng Dong, Tao Zhang, Mingzhi Huang, Zhenming XuAbstract:Abstract Recovery of e-waste in China had caused serious pollutions. Eddy Current Separation is an environment-friendly technology of separating nonferrous metallic particles from crushed e-waste. However, due to complex particle characters, Separation efficiency of traditional Eddy Current separator was low. In production, controllable operation factors of Eddy Current Separation are feeding speed, ( ωR − v ), and S p . There is little special information about influencing mechanism and critical parameters of these factors in Eddy Current Separation. This paper provided the special information of these key factors in Eddy Current Separation of recovering aluminum particles from crushed waste refrigerator cabinets. Detachment angles increased as the increase of ( ωR − v ). Separation efficiency increased with the growing of detachment angles. Aluminum particles were completely separated from plastic particles in critical parameters of feeding speed 0.5 m/s and detachment angles greater than 6.61 deg. S p / S m of aluminum particles in crushed waste refrigerators ranged from 0.08 to 0.51. Separation efficiency increased as the increase of S p / S m . This enlightened us to develop new separator to separate smaller nonferrous metallic particles in e-waste recovery. High feeding speed destroyed Separation efficiency. However, greater S p of aluminum particles brought positive impact on Separation efficiency. Greater S p could increase critical feeding speed to offer greater throughput of Eddy Current Separation. This paper will guide Eddy Current Separation in production of recovering nonferrous metals from crushed e-waste.
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hollow aluminum particle in Eddy Current Separation of recovering waste toner cartridges
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Jie Zheng, Jujun Ruan, Lipeng Dong, Tao Zhang, Mingzhi Huang, Zhenming XuAbstract:Abundant waste toner cartridges have been generated from the use of printers. They contain aluminum, plastic, steel, and toner. Waste toner cartridges will pollute the environment if they are not properly treated. An environment-friendly recovery line of waste toner cartridges had been constructed in our previous work. Eddy Current Separation was employed to separate aluminum particles from plastic particles of crushed waste toner cartridges. However, hollow aluminum particles existed in crushed waste toner cartridges, and they have a rather low Separation rate from plastic particles. There was little information about hollow aluminum particles in Eddy Current Separation. For improvement of the efficiency of Eddy Current Separation, models of Eddy Current force and movement behaviors of hollow aluminum particles in Eddy Current Separation were established. In a comparison of horizontal throws of hollow aluminum particles to solid aluminum particles, we found hollow characters greatly decreased the horizon...
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Environment-Friendly Technology of Recovering Full Resources of Waste Capacitors
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Jujun Ruan, Jie Zheng, Lipeng DongAbstract:High quantities of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been produced along with the generation of e-waste in the world. High purity metals were contained in waste PCBs. Recovery of waste PCBs caused serious pollution in China. With the view of environment protection, new technologies have been proposed to recover resources from basal boards of waste PCBs. Besides basal boards, waste PCBs contain many electronic components. However, little recovery technology was reported for electronic components. An environmental-friendly technology was proposed to recover waste capacitors of waste PCBs. The materials comprising waste capacitors were liberated by crushing. Then, ferrous metals (nickel alloy) and nonferrous metals (aluminum) were separated from crushed waste capacitors by magnetic/Eddy Current Separation. Nickel alloy particles and aluminum particles can be sent to smelting plants. The optimized operation parameters of magnetic/Eddy Current Separation were fed at speeds of 0.5 m/s, and the rotation s...
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Constructing environment-friendly return road of metals from e-waste: Combination of physical Separation technologies
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Jujun Ruan, Zhenming XuAbstract:Metals are vital raw materials for industrial production and are consuming rapidly as the development of the world. People are always enthusiasm about searching new metal resource even if the results are more and more disappointed. Thus, return of consumed metals is crucial for substantial development of the world. E-waste was rapidly generated together with the innovation of electronic industry. E-waste is called urban mine and metals accounted for above 70wt%. Recover e-waste is significant for returning metals. However, because of employing crude recovery technology, serious environmental pollution had been generated in the places of recovering e-waste. Environment-friendly and efficient technology has been the pressing demand in the return of metals from e-waste. This paper reported how to construct environment-friendly return road of metals from e-waste. The road was advised to be constructed by physical technologies of crushing, magnetic Separation, Eddy Current Separation, corona electrostatic Separation, vacuum metallurgy Separation and et al. For improving the efficient of the return road, the finished and future works of each technology were presented and proposed. For improving the added value of the recovered metals, further processing was planned in the return road. Additionally, some efforts on environmental friendly construction of the return road were presented. At last, three constructed return roads of metals (above 88wt% metals were recovered) from e-waste were reported. We expect this paper can contribute to the treatment of e-waste and the development of cyclic economy.
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Risks in the physical recovery system of waste refrigerator cabinets and the controlling measure.
Environmental Science & Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Jujun Ruan, Zhenming XuAbstract:Environmental information in physical recovery system of waste refrigerator cabinets was provided in this paper. The system included closed shearing, activated carbon adsorption (ACA), air Current Separation, magnetic Separation, and Eddy Current Separation. Exposures of CFC-11, heavy metals, and noise emitted from the system were assessed. Abundant CFC-11 (>510 mg/m3) was detected in crusher cavity. However, due to the employment of ACA, little CFC-11 (
Eric Forssberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An investigation of the parameters of rotating drum type Eddy Current separators
Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 2016Co-Authors: Shunli Zhang, Eric Forssberg, Bo R Arvidson, William MossAbstract:Rotating Eddy Current separators are increasingly used in waste processing industries, particularly in the automobile and electric scrap recycling, for recovery of non-ferrous metals. If misused, however, a substantial loss of the metal values can incur. A deeper understanding of the influences of a large number of parameters involved in the Eddy Current Separation system is of great help in optimizing the performance of an Eddy Current separator. In the present study, a rotating drum-type High-Force® Eddy Current separator, has been investigated extensively with a wide range of materials including aluminum, copper, brass, zinc, lead and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The results obtained show that the material-related variables like particle size and shape play a critical role in maximizing the deflections of the metal particles, implying that an effective liberation of the materials to be recovered is crucial. Further, the machine-related variables like rotational frequency and positioning of the magnetic field are of great importance. It appears that, for a given conductor, the deflection is proportional to the rotational frequency of the magnetic field.
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Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment: a review.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2003Co-Authors: Eric ForssbergAbstract:Abstract The production of electric and electronic equipment (EEE) is one of the fastest growing areas. This development has resulted in an increase of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE). In view of the environmental problems involved in the management of WEEE, many counties and organizations have drafted national legislation to improve the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery of such wastes so as to reduce disposal. Recycling of WEEE is an important subject not only from the point of waste treatment but also from the recovery of valuable materials. WEEE is diverse and complex, in terms of materials and components makeup as well as the original equipment’s manufacturing processes. Characterization of this waste stream is of paramount importance for developing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly recycling system. In this paper, the physical and particle properties of WEEE are presented. Selective disassembly, targeting on singling out hazardous and/or valuable components, is an indispensable process in the practice of recycling of WEEE. Disassembly process planning and innovation of disassembly facilities are most active research areas. Mechanical/physical processing, based on the characterization of WEEE, provides an alternative means of recovering valuable materials. Mechanical processes, such as screening, shape Separation, magnetic Separation, Eddy Current Separation, electrostatic Separation, and jigging have been widely utilized in recycling industry. However, recycling of WEEE is only beginning. For maximum Separation of materials, WEEE should be shredded to small, even fine particles, generally below 5 or 10 mm. Therefore, a discussion of mechanical Separation processes for fine particles is highlighted in this paper. Consumer electronic equipment (brown goods), such as television sets, video recorders, are most common. It is very costly to perform manual dismantling of those products, due to the fact that brown goods contain very low-grade precious metals and copper. It is expected that a mechanical recycling process will be developed for the upgrading of low metal content scraps.
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Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment: A review
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2003Co-Authors: Jirang Cui, Eric ForssbergAbstract:The production of electric and electronic equipment (EEE) is one of the fastest growing areas. This development has resulted in an increase of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE). In view of the environmental problems involved in the management of WEEE, many counties and organizations have drafted national legislation to improve the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery of such wastes so as to reduce disposal. Recycling of WEEE is an important subject not only from the point of waste treatment but also from the recovery of valuable materials. WEEE is diverse and complex, in terms of materials and components makeup as well as the original equipment's manufacturing processes. Characterization of this waste stream is of paramount importance for developing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly recycling system. In this paper, the physical and particle properties of WEEE are presented. Selective disassembly, targeting on singling out hazardous and/or valuable components, is an indispensable process in the practice of recycling of WEEE. Disassembly process planning and innovation of disassembly facilities are most active research areas. Mechanical/physical processing, based on the characterization of WEEE, provides an alternative means of recovering valuable materials. Mechanical processes, such as screening, shape Separation, magnetic Separation, Eddy Current Separation, electrostatic Separation, and jigging have been widely utilized in recycling industry. However, recycling of WEEE is only beginning. For maximum Separation of materials, WEEE should be shredded to small, even fine particles, generally below 5 or 10mm. Therefore, a discussion of mechanical Separation processes for fine particles is highlighted in this paper. Consumer electronic equipment (brown goods), such as television sets, video recorders, are most common. It is very costly to perform manual dismantling of those products, due to the fact that brown goods contain very low-grade precious metals and copper. It is expected that a mechanical recycling process will be developed for the upgrading of low metal content scraps. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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an overview of recovery of metals from slags
Waste Management, 2003Co-Authors: Huiting Shen, Eric ForssbergAbstract:Various slags are produced as by-products in metallurgical processes or as residues in incineration processes. According to the origins and the characteristics, the main slags can be classified into three categories, namely ferrous slag, non-ferrous slag and incineration slag. This paper analysed and summarised the generation, characteristics and application of various slags, and discussed the potential effects of the slags on the environment. On this basis, a review of a number of methods for recovery of metals from the slags was made. It can be seen that a large amount of slags is produced each year. They usually contain a quantity of valuable metals except for blast furnace slag and they are actually a secondary resource of metals. By applying mineral processing technologies, such as crushing, grinding, magnetic Separation, Eddy Current Separation, flotation and so on, leaching or roasting, it is possible to recover metals such as Fe, Cr, Cu, Al, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, Nb, Ta, Au, and Ag etc. from the slags. Recovery of metals from the slags and utilisation of the slags are important not only for saving metal resources, but also for protecting the environment.
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Separation mechanisms and criteria of a rotating Eddy Current separator operation
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 1999Co-Authors: Shunli Zhang, Eric Forssberg, Bo R Arvidson, William MossAbstract:Much work has so far been done for modelling the magnetic deflecting (repulsive) force of Eddy Current separators. However, selective Separation of various materials by Eddy Current Separation depends not only on magnetic deflecting forces but also on competing forces like the gravitational force and the centrifugal force. Co-acting forces on a particle leaving the external drum are analyzed and evaluated in this study. Separation mechanisms of metal/non-metal and metal/metal Separation systems have been investigated by a newly-developed High-Force® Eddy-Current separator. Further, a Separation model governing an effective Separation among various materials is presented. Based on this Separation model, four practical Separation criteria for metal/metal Separation systems are put forward and have been substantiated experimentally.
Jie Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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key factors of Eddy Current Separation for recovering aluminum from crushed e waste
Waste Management, 2017Co-Authors: Jujun Ruan, Jie Zheng, Lipeng Dong, Tao Zhang, Mingzhi Huang, Zhenming XuAbstract:Abstract Recovery of e-waste in China had caused serious pollutions. Eddy Current Separation is an environment-friendly technology of separating nonferrous metallic particles from crushed e-waste. However, due to complex particle characters, Separation efficiency of traditional Eddy Current separator was low. In production, controllable operation factors of Eddy Current Separation are feeding speed, ( ωR − v ), and S p . There is little special information about influencing mechanism and critical parameters of these factors in Eddy Current Separation. This paper provided the special information of these key factors in Eddy Current Separation of recovering aluminum particles from crushed waste refrigerator cabinets. Detachment angles increased as the increase of ( ωR − v ). Separation efficiency increased with the growing of detachment angles. Aluminum particles were completely separated from plastic particles in critical parameters of feeding speed 0.5 m/s and detachment angles greater than 6.61 deg. S p / S m of aluminum particles in crushed waste refrigerators ranged from 0.08 to 0.51. Separation efficiency increased as the increase of S p / S m . This enlightened us to develop new separator to separate smaller nonferrous metallic particles in e-waste recovery. High feeding speed destroyed Separation efficiency. However, greater S p of aluminum particles brought positive impact on Separation efficiency. Greater S p could increase critical feeding speed to offer greater throughput of Eddy Current Separation. This paper will guide Eddy Current Separation in production of recovering nonferrous metals from crushed e-waste.
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hollow aluminum particle in Eddy Current Separation of recovering waste toner cartridges
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Jie Zheng, Jujun Ruan, Lipeng Dong, Tao Zhang, Mingzhi Huang, Zhenming XuAbstract:Abundant waste toner cartridges have been generated from the use of printers. They contain aluminum, plastic, steel, and toner. Waste toner cartridges will pollute the environment if they are not properly treated. An environment-friendly recovery line of waste toner cartridges had been constructed in our previous work. Eddy Current Separation was employed to separate aluminum particles from plastic particles of crushed waste toner cartridges. However, hollow aluminum particles existed in crushed waste toner cartridges, and they have a rather low Separation rate from plastic particles. There was little information about hollow aluminum particles in Eddy Current Separation. For improvement of the efficiency of Eddy Current Separation, models of Eddy Current force and movement behaviors of hollow aluminum particles in Eddy Current Separation were established. In a comparison of horizontal throws of hollow aluminum particles to solid aluminum particles, we found hollow characters greatly decreased the horizon...
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Environment-Friendly Technology of Recovering Full Resources of Waste Capacitors
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Jujun Ruan, Jie Zheng, Lipeng DongAbstract:High quantities of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been produced along with the generation of e-waste in the world. High purity metals were contained in waste PCBs. Recovery of waste PCBs caused serious pollution in China. With the view of environment protection, new technologies have been proposed to recover resources from basal boards of waste PCBs. Besides basal boards, waste PCBs contain many electronic components. However, little recovery technology was reported for electronic components. An environmental-friendly technology was proposed to recover waste capacitors of waste PCBs. The materials comprising waste capacitors were liberated by crushing. Then, ferrous metals (nickel alloy) and nonferrous metals (aluminum) were separated from crushed waste capacitors by magnetic/Eddy Current Separation. Nickel alloy particles and aluminum particles can be sent to smelting plants. The optimized operation parameters of magnetic/Eddy Current Separation were fed at speeds of 0.5 m/s, and the rotation s...
Lei Zu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new model of trajectory in Eddy Current Separation for recovering spent lithium iron phosphate batteries
Waste Management, 2019Co-Authors: Haijun Bi, Lei ZuAbstract:Abstract Eddy Current Separation (ECS) is an environment-friendly technology for separating nonferrous metallic particles whose size was from 2 mm to 10 mm. No wastes are generated in ECS. ECS quality of nonferrous metals from solid wastes is rather low in the production practice of spent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries recovering. Repeating Separation even manual sorting is required in the production. The traditional method of falling point prediction based on Eddy Current mechanics uses equivalent acceleration to replace Separation motion curves. These curves have low precision and are unsuitable for predicting the motion trajectory of small particle size of sorted materials. In this work, Eddy Current Separation of positive and negative plates in a crushed product of spent lithium iron phosphate battery is used as an example to establish the force and kinematics models of different materials in the Eddy Current Separation. An iterative method, rather than average speed method, is used to improve the accuracy of the model. Displacement interval replaces disengagement angle as a separating index to improve the model’s intuitiveness and practical guidance. In the range of 2–20 mm, test results are consistent with simulation results. The copper and aluminium foils at a magnetic roller speed of 800r/min can be separated to a maximum particle size ratio of 1.72, and the maximum particle size ratio of copper and positive electrode sheets can be large. This paper provided an environmental-friendly and effective technology for separating nonferrous metals from crushed spent LFP batteries.
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Eddy Current Separation for recovering aluminium and lithium iron phosphate components of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries
Waste Management & Research, 2019Co-Authors: Haijun Bi, Lei Zu, Zhongwei WuAbstract:With the rapid development of the electric vehicle market since 2012, lithium-iron phosphate (LFP) batteries face retirement intensively. Numerous LFP batteries have been generated given their shor...
