The Experts below are selected from a list of 27066 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Adrian Furnham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
teenage locus of control psychological distress Educational Qualifications and occupational prestige as well as gender as independent predictors of adult binge drinking
Alcohol, 2019Co-Authors: Helen Cheng, Adrian FurnhamAbstract:Abstract Our objective was to investigate various psychological and socio-demographic factors in childhood and adulthood that relate to alcohol intake and binge drinking at age 42 years. Data were drawn from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), a prospective longitudinal study monitoring the development of babies born in 1970, with nine follow-ups. The analytic sample comprised 5190 cohort members with complete data on parental social class at birth, cognitive ability at age 10 years, locus of control at age 16 years, psychological distress at age 30 years, Educational Qualifications obtained at age 34 years, and current occupation and alcohol consumption at age 42 years. Results showed that sex (male), lower parental social class, adolescent external locus of control, psychological distress, lower scores on childhood intelligence, lower Educational Qualifications, and less-professional occupations were all significantly and positively associated with binge drinking in adulthood. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that sex (OR = 0.52, CI: 0.44–0.60, p
-
early predictors of trait extraversion in adulthood findings from a nationally representative sample
Personality and Individual Differences, 2018Co-Authors: Adrian Furnham, Helen ChengAbstract:Abstract In total, 5663 participants provided information on family social background measured at birth; family social life at age 7 years; childhood intelligence, childhood speech difficulties and oral ability assessed at 11 years; leisure activities (parties and sports) measured at age 16 years; optimism and Educational Qualifications measured at 33 years; occupational levels at 42 years; and trait Extraversion measured at 50 years. Parental social status, childhood social life, childhood intelligence and speech abilities, parties and sports, optimism, education and occupation were all significantly associated with Extraversion accounting for around a tenth of the variance. Structural equation modelling showed that six factors: childhood social life, childhood speech ability, parties and sports, optimism, and occupational levels were significant and independent predictors of trait Extraversion in adulthood for both men and women. Implications and limitations of the study are acknowledged.
-
conscientiousness and occupational prestige as independent predictors of the change of tobacco use in adulthood
Personality and Individual Differences, 2018Co-Authors: Adrian Furnham, Helen ChengAbstract:Abstract This study investigated the association between childhood intelligence, personality traits, parental social class, maternal smoking, Educational Qualifications and occupation prestige, and smoking status assessed at different ages. The study was based on a British birth cohort with nine follow-ups. At age 54 years, cohort members provided information on current tobacco use (Yes/No) and the frequency of daily cigarettes smoking. Response of the same questions was also collected four years earlier, at age 50 years. Results showed that among the 5316 participants with complete data, there was a significant (p 39 years later, mediated by Educational Qualifications. Implications and limitations are noted.
-
Educational achievement and traits emotional stability and agreeableness as predictors of the occurrence of backache in adulthood
Personality and Individual Differences, 2017Co-Authors: Helen Cheng, Andy Green, Benjamin P Chapman, Luke Treglown, Adrian FurnhamAbstract:Abstract This study investigated the associations between psychological as well as social factors in childhood and adulthood and the occurrence of adulthood back pain in a longitudinal birth cohort study. The analytic sample comprises 5698 participants with complete data on parental social class at birth, childhood cognitive ability tests scores at age 11, Educational Qualifications obtained at age 33, personality traits assessed at age 50, occupational levels, and back pain measured at age 55. Using hierarchical logistic regression analysis, results showed that among all socio-demographic and psychological factors examined, only the highest Educational qualification (OR = 0.62: 0.41–0.93, p
-
Educational achievement and traits emotional stability and agreeableness as predictors of the occurrence of backache in adulthood
Personality and Individual Differences, 2017Co-Authors: Helen Cheng, Andy Green, Benjamin P Chapman, Luke Treglown, Adrian FurnhamAbstract:This study investigated the associations between psychological as well as social factors in childhood and adulthood and the occurrence of adulthood back pain in a longitudinal birth cohort study. The analytic sample comprises 5698 participants with complete data on parental social class at birth, childhood cognitive ability tests scores at age 11, Educational Qualifications obtained at age 33, personality traits assessed at age 50, occupational levels, and back pain measured at age 55. Using hierarchical logistic regression analysis, results showed that among all socio-demographic and psychological factors examined, only the highest Educational qualification (OR = 0.62: 0.41–0.93, p < 0.05) and traits emotional stability (OR = 0.76: 0.71–0.83, p < 0.001) and agreeableness (OR = 1.10: 1.01–1.21, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of the occurrence of back pain in adulthood. No significant sex differences were found for the prevalence of back pain in adulthood.
Helen Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
teenage locus of control psychological distress Educational Qualifications and occupational prestige as well as gender as independent predictors of adult binge drinking
Alcohol, 2019Co-Authors: Helen Cheng, Adrian FurnhamAbstract:Abstract Our objective was to investigate various psychological and socio-demographic factors in childhood and adulthood that relate to alcohol intake and binge drinking at age 42 years. Data were drawn from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), a prospective longitudinal study monitoring the development of babies born in 1970, with nine follow-ups. The analytic sample comprised 5190 cohort members with complete data on parental social class at birth, cognitive ability at age 10 years, locus of control at age 16 years, psychological distress at age 30 years, Educational Qualifications obtained at age 34 years, and current occupation and alcohol consumption at age 42 years. Results showed that sex (male), lower parental social class, adolescent external locus of control, psychological distress, lower scores on childhood intelligence, lower Educational Qualifications, and less-professional occupations were all significantly and positively associated with binge drinking in adulthood. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that sex (OR = 0.52, CI: 0.44–0.60, p
-
early predictors of trait extraversion in adulthood findings from a nationally representative sample
Personality and Individual Differences, 2018Co-Authors: Adrian Furnham, Helen ChengAbstract:Abstract In total, 5663 participants provided information on family social background measured at birth; family social life at age 7 years; childhood intelligence, childhood speech difficulties and oral ability assessed at 11 years; leisure activities (parties and sports) measured at age 16 years; optimism and Educational Qualifications measured at 33 years; occupational levels at 42 years; and trait Extraversion measured at 50 years. Parental social status, childhood social life, childhood intelligence and speech abilities, parties and sports, optimism, education and occupation were all significantly associated with Extraversion accounting for around a tenth of the variance. Structural equation modelling showed that six factors: childhood social life, childhood speech ability, parties and sports, optimism, and occupational levels were significant and independent predictors of trait Extraversion in adulthood for both men and women. Implications and limitations of the study are acknowledged.
-
conscientiousness and occupational prestige as independent predictors of the change of tobacco use in adulthood
Personality and Individual Differences, 2018Co-Authors: Adrian Furnham, Helen ChengAbstract:Abstract This study investigated the association between childhood intelligence, personality traits, parental social class, maternal smoking, Educational Qualifications and occupation prestige, and smoking status assessed at different ages. The study was based on a British birth cohort with nine follow-ups. At age 54 years, cohort members provided information on current tobacco use (Yes/No) and the frequency of daily cigarettes smoking. Response of the same questions was also collected four years earlier, at age 50 years. Results showed that among the 5316 participants with complete data, there was a significant (p 39 years later, mediated by Educational Qualifications. Implications and limitations are noted.
-
Educational achievement and traits emotional stability and agreeableness as predictors of the occurrence of backache in adulthood
Personality and Individual Differences, 2017Co-Authors: Helen Cheng, Andy Green, Benjamin P Chapman, Luke Treglown, Adrian FurnhamAbstract:Abstract This study investigated the associations between psychological as well as social factors in childhood and adulthood and the occurrence of adulthood back pain in a longitudinal birth cohort study. The analytic sample comprises 5698 participants with complete data on parental social class at birth, childhood cognitive ability tests scores at age 11, Educational Qualifications obtained at age 33, personality traits assessed at age 50, occupational levels, and back pain measured at age 55. Using hierarchical logistic regression analysis, results showed that among all socio-demographic and psychological factors examined, only the highest Educational qualification (OR = 0.62: 0.41–0.93, p
-
Educational achievement and traits emotional stability and agreeableness as predictors of the occurrence of backache in adulthood
Personality and Individual Differences, 2017Co-Authors: Helen Cheng, Andy Green, Benjamin P Chapman, Luke Treglown, Adrian FurnhamAbstract:This study investigated the associations between psychological as well as social factors in childhood and adulthood and the occurrence of adulthood back pain in a longitudinal birth cohort study. The analytic sample comprises 5698 participants with complete data on parental social class at birth, childhood cognitive ability tests scores at age 11, Educational Qualifications obtained at age 33, personality traits assessed at age 50, occupational levels, and back pain measured at age 55. Using hierarchical logistic regression analysis, results showed that among all socio-demographic and psychological factors examined, only the highest Educational qualification (OR = 0.62: 0.41–0.93, p < 0.05) and traits emotional stability (OR = 0.76: 0.71–0.83, p < 0.001) and agreeableness (OR = 1.10: 1.01–1.21, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of the occurrence of back pain in adulthood. No significant sex differences were found for the prevalence of back pain in adulthood.
Shamarina Shohaimi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
occupational social class Educational level and area deprivation independently predict plasma ascorbic acid concentration a cross sectional population based study in the norfolk cohort of the european prospective investigation into cancer epic norfolk
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Shamarina Shohaimi, Ailsa Welch, Sheila Bingham, Robert Luben, Nicholas J Wareham, Nicholas E Day, Kt KhawAbstract:Objective: To investigate the independent association between three different measures of socioeconomic status and plasma ascorbic acid level. Design: Cross-sectional population based study. Setting and participants: 20 292 men and women aged 39–79 y who participated in the EPIC-Norfolk study. Results: Individuals in manual social classes, who had no Educational Qualifications or those who lived in the most deprived areas had significantly lower levels of plasma ascorbic acid compared to those in nonmanual social classes, with at least O-level Qualifications or who lived in less deprived areas. The magnitude of effect for each measure of socioeconomic status was greater in current smokers compared to current nonsmokers. Conclusion: Education and social class were stronger predictors of differences in ascorbic acid levels, an indicator of dietary health behaviour, than a deprivation index based on the Townsend score. This suggests that education could be particularly important in influencing large socioeconomic differentials in health related behaviours and potentially, health outcomes in the UK.
-
residential area deprivation predicts fruit and vegetable consumption independently of individual Educational level and occupational social class a cross sectional population study in the norfolk cohort of the european prospective investigation into cancer epic norfolk
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2004Co-Authors: Shamarina Shohaimi, Ailsa Welch, Sheila Bingham, Robert Luben, Nicholas P J Day, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee KhawAbstract:Study objective: To investigate the independent association between individual and area based socioeconomic measures and fruit and vegetable consumption. Design: Cross sectional population based study. Setting and participants: 22 562 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers. Outcome measures: Fruit and vegetable intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Main results: Being in a manual occupational social class, having no Educational Qualifications, and living in a deprived area all independently predicted significantly lower consumption of fruit and vegetables. The effect of residential area deprivation was predominantly in those in manual occupational social class and no Educational Qualifications. Conclusions: Understanding some of the community level barriers to changing health related behaviours may lead to more effective interventions to improving health in the whole community, particularly those who are most vulnerable.
-
area deprivation predicts lung function independently of education and social class
European Respiratory Journal, 2004Co-Authors: Shamarina Shohaimi, Ailsa Welch, Sheila Bingham, Robert Luben, Nicholas E Day, N J Wareham, Kaytee KhawAbstract:The cross-sectional association between socioeconomic status (at both the individual and area-based level) and lung function, as measured by forced expiratory volume in one second, in a large population-based cohort was investigated. The study population consisted of 22,675 males and females aged 39-79 yrs. They were recruited from the general community in Norfolk, UK using general practice age/sex registers, as part of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). It was found that being in a manual occupational social class, having no Educational Qualifications and living in a deprived area all independently predicted significantly lower lung function, even after controlling for smoking habit. The influence of area-deprivation on lung function, independent of individual socioeconomic status and of individual smoking habit, suggests that apart from targeting individuals who are at high-risk, such as smokers, environmental determinants also need to be examined when considering measures to improve respiratory health.
Kaytee Khaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
residential area deprivation predicts fruit and vegetable consumption independently of individual Educational level and occupational social class a cross sectional population study in the norfolk cohort of the european prospective investigation into cancer epic norfolk
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2004Co-Authors: Shamarina Shohaimi, Ailsa Welch, Sheila Bingham, Robert Luben, Nicholas P J Day, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee KhawAbstract:Study objective: To investigate the independent association between individual and area based socioeconomic measures and fruit and vegetable consumption. Design: Cross sectional population based study. Setting and participants: 22 562 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers. Outcome measures: Fruit and vegetable intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Main results: Being in a manual occupational social class, having no Educational Qualifications, and living in a deprived area all independently predicted significantly lower consumption of fruit and vegetables. The effect of residential area deprivation was predominantly in those in manual occupational social class and no Educational Qualifications. Conclusions: Understanding some of the community level barriers to changing health related behaviours may lead to more effective interventions to improving health in the whole community, particularly those who are most vulnerable.
-
area deprivation predicts lung function independently of education and social class
European Respiratory Journal, 2004Co-Authors: Shamarina Shohaimi, Ailsa Welch, Sheila Bingham, Robert Luben, Nicholas E Day, N J Wareham, Kaytee KhawAbstract:The cross-sectional association between socioeconomic status (at both the individual and area-based level) and lung function, as measured by forced expiratory volume in one second, in a large population-based cohort was investigated. The study population consisted of 22,675 males and females aged 39-79 yrs. They were recruited from the general community in Norfolk, UK using general practice age/sex registers, as part of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). It was found that being in a manual occupational social class, having no Educational Qualifications and living in a deprived area all independently predicted significantly lower lung function, even after controlling for smoking habit. The influence of area-deprivation on lung function, independent of individual socioeconomic status and of individual smoking habit, suggests that apart from targeting individuals who are at high-risk, such as smokers, environmental determinants also need to be examined when considering measures to improve respiratory health.
Ailsa Welch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
occupational social class Educational level and area deprivation independently predict plasma ascorbic acid concentration a cross sectional population based study in the norfolk cohort of the european prospective investigation into cancer epic norfolk
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Shamarina Shohaimi, Ailsa Welch, Sheila Bingham, Robert Luben, Nicholas J Wareham, Nicholas E Day, Kt KhawAbstract:Objective: To investigate the independent association between three different measures of socioeconomic status and plasma ascorbic acid level. Design: Cross-sectional population based study. Setting and participants: 20 292 men and women aged 39–79 y who participated in the EPIC-Norfolk study. Results: Individuals in manual social classes, who had no Educational Qualifications or those who lived in the most deprived areas had significantly lower levels of plasma ascorbic acid compared to those in nonmanual social classes, with at least O-level Qualifications or who lived in less deprived areas. The magnitude of effect for each measure of socioeconomic status was greater in current smokers compared to current nonsmokers. Conclusion: Education and social class were stronger predictors of differences in ascorbic acid levels, an indicator of dietary health behaviour, than a deprivation index based on the Townsend score. This suggests that education could be particularly important in influencing large socioeconomic differentials in health related behaviours and potentially, health outcomes in the UK.
-
residential area deprivation predicts fruit and vegetable consumption independently of individual Educational level and occupational social class a cross sectional population study in the norfolk cohort of the european prospective investigation into cancer epic norfolk
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2004Co-Authors: Shamarina Shohaimi, Ailsa Welch, Sheila Bingham, Robert Luben, Nicholas P J Day, Nicholas J Wareham, Kaytee KhawAbstract:Study objective: To investigate the independent association between individual and area based socioeconomic measures and fruit and vegetable consumption. Design: Cross sectional population based study. Setting and participants: 22 562 men and women aged 39–79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers. Outcome measures: Fruit and vegetable intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Main results: Being in a manual occupational social class, having no Educational Qualifications, and living in a deprived area all independently predicted significantly lower consumption of fruit and vegetables. The effect of residential area deprivation was predominantly in those in manual occupational social class and no Educational Qualifications. Conclusions: Understanding some of the community level barriers to changing health related behaviours may lead to more effective interventions to improving health in the whole community, particularly those who are most vulnerable.
-
area deprivation predicts lung function independently of education and social class
European Respiratory Journal, 2004Co-Authors: Shamarina Shohaimi, Ailsa Welch, Sheila Bingham, Robert Luben, Nicholas E Day, N J Wareham, Kaytee KhawAbstract:The cross-sectional association between socioeconomic status (at both the individual and area-based level) and lung function, as measured by forced expiratory volume in one second, in a large population-based cohort was investigated. The study population consisted of 22,675 males and females aged 39-79 yrs. They were recruited from the general community in Norfolk, UK using general practice age/sex registers, as part of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). It was found that being in a manual occupational social class, having no Educational Qualifications and living in a deprived area all independently predicted significantly lower lung function, even after controlling for smoking habit. The influence of area-deprivation on lung function, independent of individual socioeconomic status and of individual smoking habit, suggests that apart from targeting individuals who are at high-risk, such as smokers, environmental determinants also need to be examined when considering measures to improve respiratory health.