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Susan Golombok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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"Making the child mine": Mothers' thoughts and feelings about the mother-infant relationship in Egg Donation families.
Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 2020Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Susan GolombokAbstract:The number of families being created through fertility treatment with donor Eggs is increasing yearly. Women who conceive in this way share a gestational but not genetic relationship with their child, yet there is limited understanding of how mothers experience the mother-child relationship during its formative period, infancy. This study explored heterosexual mothers' thoughts and feelings about the mother-infant relationship in families created through Egg Donation. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of 85 women who had conceived following Egg Donation treatment at U.K. fertility clinics. Mothers had at least 1 infant (6-18 months) and were living with the child's father. Interview data were analyzed according to the principles of thematic analysis. The results showed that Egg Donation mothers used a range of strategies across the transition to parenthood that enabled them to establish their identity as the child's mother and facilitated the process of helping them feel that the baby was their own. This process was individual to each woman, with the absent genetic connection varying in significance between mothers. The strategies employed enabled most mothers to adjust successfully to parenthood and manage any ambivalence and uncertainties associated with nongenetic parenthood. Most mothers felt secure and confident in their position as the child's mother by the end of the first year. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Psychological well-being of identity-release Egg Donation parents with infants.
Human reproduction (Oxford England), 2019Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Susan GolombokAbstract:Study question What are the psychological health, relationship quality and perceived social support outcomes of heterosexual couples who have conceived an infant through identity-release Egg Donation? Summary answer Parents' scores on all measures were within the normal range. Egg Donation mothers had poorer perceived social support, and Egg Donation fathers had less optimal psychological health than a comparison group of IVF parents, although these differences were associated with the older age of Egg Donation parents, rather than being an effect of family type. What is known already There is limited understanding of the psychological health and couple relationship quality of Egg Donation parents, and no empirical data on parents' social support, during the first year of parenthood. No studies have included families who have used an identity-release Egg donor. The study offers the first examination of the psychological well-being of identity-release Egg Donation parents. Study design, size, duration This study included 57 families created through identity-release Egg Donation, and a comparison group of 56 families who had used IVF with their own gametes, recruited through UK fertility clinics. Families were visited at home between October 2013 and June 2015. The sample forms part of a larger study examining family functioning in families created following fertility treatment. Participants/materials, setting, method All families were heterosexual two-parent families with an infant aged 6-18 months. Mothers and fathers were administered standardised questionnaires assessing psychological health (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory and Parenting Stress Index-short form), couple relationship quality (Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State) and perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support). Main results and the role of chance Scores from the Egg Donation and IVF parents were within the normal range on all measures. Significant differences were found between the groups indicating less optimal social support in Egg Donation mothers compared to IVF mothers, and poorer psychological health in Egg Donation fathers compared to IVF fathers. These differences appeared to be related to the older age of Egg Donation parents or to twin parenthood, rather than to Egg Donation per se. No differences were found between the groups in the parents' relationship quality. Limitations, reasons for caution It is possible that families who were managing the transition to parenthood less well may have been less likely to participate in research. Fewer IVF than Egg Donation fathers participated in the study, so the statistical power was lower for comparisons between fathers. Wider implications of the findings The findings are of relevance to UK clinics offering identity-release Egg Donation. That scores of Egg Donation parents on measures of psychological well-being were more similar than different to those of IVF parents should prove reassuring to individuals considering this treatment type. As less optimal outcomes were found for Egg Donation parents on several measures, and these were associated with parental age rather than conception type, it is recommended that clinics discuss with older patients how they may establish a social support network and signpost patients to appropriate post-natal support. Study funding, competing interests This research was supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award [097857/Z/11/Z] and a CHESS-ESRC studentship. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Trial registration number N/A.
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families created by Egg Donation parent child relationship quality in infancy
Child Development, 2019Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Simon Fishel, Susan GolombokAbstract:Increasing numbers of children are being born through Egg Donation and thus do not share a genetic relationship with their mother. Parent-infant relationship quality was examined in 85 Egg Donation families and a comparison group of 65 in vitro fertilization families (infant M = 11 months). Standardized interview and observational measures were used to assess mother-infant and father-infant relationship quality at the representational and behavioral levels. Few differences were found between family types in parents' representations of the parent-infant relationship. Differences were found between family types in the observational assessment of mother-infant relationship quality, indicating less optimal interactions in Egg Donation families. Findings suggest that Egg Donation families function well in infancy overall, but there may be subtle yet meaningful differences in mother-infant interaction quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Families Created by Egg Donation: Parent–Child Relationship Quality in Infancy
Child development, 2018Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Simon Fishel, Susan GolombokAbstract:Increasing numbers of children are being born through Egg Donation and thus do not share a genetic relationship with their mother. Parent-infant relationship quality was examined in 85 Egg Donation families and a comparison group of 65 in vitro fertilization families (infant M = 11 months). Standardized interview and observational measures were used to assess mother-infant and father-infant relationship quality at the representational and behavioral levels. Few differences were found between family types in parents' representations of the parent-infant relationship. Differences were found between family types in the observational assessment of mother-infant relationship quality, indicating less optimal interactions in Egg Donation families. Findings suggest that Egg Donation families function well in infancy overall, but there may be subtle yet meaningful differences in mother-infant interaction quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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A longitudinal study of recipients’ views and experiences of intra-family Egg Donation
Human reproduction (Oxford England), 2011Co-Authors: Vasanti Jadva, Polly Casey, Jennifer Readings, Lucy Blake, Susan GolombokAbstract:BACKGROUND For the past 10 years, we have been carrying out a longitudinal investigation of Egg Donation families in the UK; a subsample of recipients in these families had a child by Egg Donation from a sister or sister-in-law. In response to the current debate over the practice of intra-family Donation, together with the general lack of available data on the consequences of Donation between family members, we examined recipients' experiences of Donation between sisters and sisters-in-law. METHODS We analysed data from a subsample of recipient mothers who were taking part in a larger investigation of gamete Donation families. Mothers were visited at home and interviewed when their child was aged 1, 3, 7 and 10 years. Data from nine recipient mothers whose Egg donor was either their sister or sister-in-law were examined to assess the nature of mothers', fathers' and the child's relationship with the donor, and whether mothers had disclosed the nature of their child's conception to others, including the child. RESULTS The majority of recipient mothers reported positive relationships between the donor and members of their family (themselves, their partner and their children). Most mothers were happy with the donor's level of involvement with the child and reported that they and the donor maintained their social roles within the family, i.e. as mother and aunt, respectively. By age 10, two children had been told that they had been conceived using Egg Donation, both of whom had been told the identity of the donor. CONCLUSIONS Although the sample was small, this study provides the first longitudinal data on the experiences of families created using donated gametes from a family member. Intra-family Donation between sisters or sisters-in-law can be a positive experience for recipients during the first 10 years following the child's birth. Studies that are specifically designed to look at Donation between family members are needed to better evaluate the practice.
Susan Imrie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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"Making the child mine": Mothers' thoughts and feelings about the mother-infant relationship in Egg Donation families.
Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 2020Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Susan GolombokAbstract:The number of families being created through fertility treatment with donor Eggs is increasing yearly. Women who conceive in this way share a gestational but not genetic relationship with their child, yet there is limited understanding of how mothers experience the mother-child relationship during its formative period, infancy. This study explored heterosexual mothers' thoughts and feelings about the mother-infant relationship in families created through Egg Donation. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of 85 women who had conceived following Egg Donation treatment at U.K. fertility clinics. Mothers had at least 1 infant (6-18 months) and were living with the child's father. Interview data were analyzed according to the principles of thematic analysis. The results showed that Egg Donation mothers used a range of strategies across the transition to parenthood that enabled them to establish their identity as the child's mother and facilitated the process of helping them feel that the baby was their own. This process was individual to each woman, with the absent genetic connection varying in significance between mothers. The strategies employed enabled most mothers to adjust successfully to parenthood and manage any ambivalence and uncertainties associated with nongenetic parenthood. Most mothers felt secure and confident in their position as the child's mother by the end of the first year. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Psychological well-being of identity-release Egg Donation parents with infants.
Human reproduction (Oxford England), 2019Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Susan GolombokAbstract:Study question What are the psychological health, relationship quality and perceived social support outcomes of heterosexual couples who have conceived an infant through identity-release Egg Donation? Summary answer Parents' scores on all measures were within the normal range. Egg Donation mothers had poorer perceived social support, and Egg Donation fathers had less optimal psychological health than a comparison group of IVF parents, although these differences were associated with the older age of Egg Donation parents, rather than being an effect of family type. What is known already There is limited understanding of the psychological health and couple relationship quality of Egg Donation parents, and no empirical data on parents' social support, during the first year of parenthood. No studies have included families who have used an identity-release Egg donor. The study offers the first examination of the psychological well-being of identity-release Egg Donation parents. Study design, size, duration This study included 57 families created through identity-release Egg Donation, and a comparison group of 56 families who had used IVF with their own gametes, recruited through UK fertility clinics. Families were visited at home between October 2013 and June 2015. The sample forms part of a larger study examining family functioning in families created following fertility treatment. Participants/materials, setting, method All families were heterosexual two-parent families with an infant aged 6-18 months. Mothers and fathers were administered standardised questionnaires assessing psychological health (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory and Parenting Stress Index-short form), couple relationship quality (Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State) and perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support). Main results and the role of chance Scores from the Egg Donation and IVF parents were within the normal range on all measures. Significant differences were found between the groups indicating less optimal social support in Egg Donation mothers compared to IVF mothers, and poorer psychological health in Egg Donation fathers compared to IVF fathers. These differences appeared to be related to the older age of Egg Donation parents or to twin parenthood, rather than to Egg Donation per se. No differences were found between the groups in the parents' relationship quality. Limitations, reasons for caution It is possible that families who were managing the transition to parenthood less well may have been less likely to participate in research. Fewer IVF than Egg Donation fathers participated in the study, so the statistical power was lower for comparisons between fathers. Wider implications of the findings The findings are of relevance to UK clinics offering identity-release Egg Donation. That scores of Egg Donation parents on measures of psychological well-being were more similar than different to those of IVF parents should prove reassuring to individuals considering this treatment type. As less optimal outcomes were found for Egg Donation parents on several measures, and these were associated with parental age rather than conception type, it is recommended that clinics discuss with older patients how they may establish a social support network and signpost patients to appropriate post-natal support. Study funding, competing interests This research was supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award [097857/Z/11/Z] and a CHESS-ESRC studentship. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Trial registration number N/A.
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families created by Egg Donation parent child relationship quality in infancy
Child Development, 2019Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Simon Fishel, Susan GolombokAbstract:Increasing numbers of children are being born through Egg Donation and thus do not share a genetic relationship with their mother. Parent-infant relationship quality was examined in 85 Egg Donation families and a comparison group of 65 in vitro fertilization families (infant M = 11 months). Standardized interview and observational measures were used to assess mother-infant and father-infant relationship quality at the representational and behavioral levels. Few differences were found between family types in parents' representations of the parent-infant relationship. Differences were found between family types in the observational assessment of mother-infant relationship quality, indicating less optimal interactions in Egg Donation families. Findings suggest that Egg Donation families function well in infancy overall, but there may be subtle yet meaningful differences in mother-infant interaction quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Families Created by Egg Donation: Parent–Child Relationship Quality in Infancy
Child development, 2018Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Simon Fishel, Susan GolombokAbstract:Increasing numbers of children are being born through Egg Donation and thus do not share a genetic relationship with their mother. Parent-infant relationship quality was examined in 85 Egg Donation families and a comparison group of 65 in vitro fertilization families (infant M = 11 months). Standardized interview and observational measures were used to assess mother-infant and father-infant relationship quality at the representational and behavioral levels. Few differences were found between family types in parents' representations of the parent-infant relationship. Differences were found between family types in the observational assessment of mother-infant relationship quality, indicating less optimal interactions in Egg Donation families. Findings suggest that Egg Donation families function well in infancy overall, but there may be subtle yet meaningful differences in mother-infant interaction quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Vasanti Jadva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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"Making the child mine": Mothers' thoughts and feelings about the mother-infant relationship in Egg Donation families.
Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 2020Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Susan GolombokAbstract:The number of families being created through fertility treatment with donor Eggs is increasing yearly. Women who conceive in this way share a gestational but not genetic relationship with their child, yet there is limited understanding of how mothers experience the mother-child relationship during its formative period, infancy. This study explored heterosexual mothers' thoughts and feelings about the mother-infant relationship in families created through Egg Donation. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of 85 women who had conceived following Egg Donation treatment at U.K. fertility clinics. Mothers had at least 1 infant (6-18 months) and were living with the child's father. Interview data were analyzed according to the principles of thematic analysis. The results showed that Egg Donation mothers used a range of strategies across the transition to parenthood that enabled them to establish their identity as the child's mother and facilitated the process of helping them feel that the baby was their own. This process was individual to each woman, with the absent genetic connection varying in significance between mothers. The strategies employed enabled most mothers to adjust successfully to parenthood and manage any ambivalence and uncertainties associated with nongenetic parenthood. Most mothers felt secure and confident in their position as the child's mother by the end of the first year. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Psychological well-being of identity-release Egg Donation parents with infants.
Human reproduction (Oxford England), 2019Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Susan GolombokAbstract:Study question What are the psychological health, relationship quality and perceived social support outcomes of heterosexual couples who have conceived an infant through identity-release Egg Donation? Summary answer Parents' scores on all measures were within the normal range. Egg Donation mothers had poorer perceived social support, and Egg Donation fathers had less optimal psychological health than a comparison group of IVF parents, although these differences were associated with the older age of Egg Donation parents, rather than being an effect of family type. What is known already There is limited understanding of the psychological health and couple relationship quality of Egg Donation parents, and no empirical data on parents' social support, during the first year of parenthood. No studies have included families who have used an identity-release Egg donor. The study offers the first examination of the psychological well-being of identity-release Egg Donation parents. Study design, size, duration This study included 57 families created through identity-release Egg Donation, and a comparison group of 56 families who had used IVF with their own gametes, recruited through UK fertility clinics. Families were visited at home between October 2013 and June 2015. The sample forms part of a larger study examining family functioning in families created following fertility treatment. Participants/materials, setting, method All families were heterosexual two-parent families with an infant aged 6-18 months. Mothers and fathers were administered standardised questionnaires assessing psychological health (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory and Parenting Stress Index-short form), couple relationship quality (Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State) and perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support). Main results and the role of chance Scores from the Egg Donation and IVF parents were within the normal range on all measures. Significant differences were found between the groups indicating less optimal social support in Egg Donation mothers compared to IVF mothers, and poorer psychological health in Egg Donation fathers compared to IVF fathers. These differences appeared to be related to the older age of Egg Donation parents or to twin parenthood, rather than to Egg Donation per se. No differences were found between the groups in the parents' relationship quality. Limitations, reasons for caution It is possible that families who were managing the transition to parenthood less well may have been less likely to participate in research. Fewer IVF than Egg Donation fathers participated in the study, so the statistical power was lower for comparisons between fathers. Wider implications of the findings The findings are of relevance to UK clinics offering identity-release Egg Donation. That scores of Egg Donation parents on measures of psychological well-being were more similar than different to those of IVF parents should prove reassuring to individuals considering this treatment type. As less optimal outcomes were found for Egg Donation parents on several measures, and these were associated with parental age rather than conception type, it is recommended that clinics discuss with older patients how they may establish a social support network and signpost patients to appropriate post-natal support. Study funding, competing interests This research was supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award [097857/Z/11/Z] and a CHESS-ESRC studentship. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Trial registration number N/A.
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families created by Egg Donation parent child relationship quality in infancy
Child Development, 2019Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Simon Fishel, Susan GolombokAbstract:Increasing numbers of children are being born through Egg Donation and thus do not share a genetic relationship with their mother. Parent-infant relationship quality was examined in 85 Egg Donation families and a comparison group of 65 in vitro fertilization families (infant M = 11 months). Standardized interview and observational measures were used to assess mother-infant and father-infant relationship quality at the representational and behavioral levels. Few differences were found between family types in parents' representations of the parent-infant relationship. Differences were found between family types in the observational assessment of mother-infant relationship quality, indicating less optimal interactions in Egg Donation families. Findings suggest that Egg Donation families function well in infancy overall, but there may be subtle yet meaningful differences in mother-infant interaction quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Families Created by Egg Donation: Parent–Child Relationship Quality in Infancy
Child development, 2018Co-Authors: Susan Imrie, Vasanti Jadva, Simon Fishel, Susan GolombokAbstract:Increasing numbers of children are being born through Egg Donation and thus do not share a genetic relationship with their mother. Parent-infant relationship quality was examined in 85 Egg Donation families and a comparison group of 65 in vitro fertilization families (infant M = 11 months). Standardized interview and observational measures were used to assess mother-infant and father-infant relationship quality at the representational and behavioral levels. Few differences were found between family types in parents' representations of the parent-infant relationship. Differences were found between family types in the observational assessment of mother-infant relationship quality, indicating less optimal interactions in Egg Donation families. Findings suggest that Egg Donation families function well in infancy overall, but there may be subtle yet meaningful differences in mother-infant interaction quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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A longitudinal study of recipients’ views and experiences of intra-family Egg Donation
Human reproduction (Oxford England), 2011Co-Authors: Vasanti Jadva, Polly Casey, Jennifer Readings, Lucy Blake, Susan GolombokAbstract:BACKGROUND For the past 10 years, we have been carrying out a longitudinal investigation of Egg Donation families in the UK; a subsample of recipients in these families had a child by Egg Donation from a sister or sister-in-law. In response to the current debate over the practice of intra-family Donation, together with the general lack of available data on the consequences of Donation between family members, we examined recipients' experiences of Donation between sisters and sisters-in-law. METHODS We analysed data from a subsample of recipient mothers who were taking part in a larger investigation of gamete Donation families. Mothers were visited at home and interviewed when their child was aged 1, 3, 7 and 10 years. Data from nine recipient mothers whose Egg donor was either their sister or sister-in-law were examined to assess the nature of mothers', fathers' and the child's relationship with the donor, and whether mothers had disclosed the nature of their child's conception to others, including the child. RESULTS The majority of recipient mothers reported positive relationships between the donor and members of their family (themselves, their partner and their children). Most mothers were happy with the donor's level of involvement with the child and reported that they and the donor maintained their social roles within the family, i.e. as mother and aunt, respectively. By age 10, two children had been told that they had been conceived using Egg Donation, both of whom had been told the identity of the donor. CONCLUSIONS Although the sample was small, this study provides the first longitudinal data on the experiences of families created using donated gametes from a family member. Intra-family Donation between sisters or sisters-in-law can be a positive experience for recipients during the first 10 years following the child's birth. Studies that are specifically designed to look at Donation between family members are needed to better evaluate the practice.
Mark V. Sauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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How Agencies Market Egg Donation on the Internet: A Qualitative Study
The Journal of law medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law Medicine & Ethics, 2015Co-Authors: Jason Keehn, Mark V. Sauer, Eve Howell, Robert KlitzmanAbstract:We systematically examined the content of the websites of 46 agencies that buy and sell human Eggs to understand how they market themselves to both donors and recipients. We found that these websites use marketing techniques that obscure the realities of Egg Donation, presenting Egg Donation as a mutually beneficial and fulfilling experience. Sites emphasize Egg donors' emotional fulfillment (71.4%) and address recipients' anxieties by stressing the ability to find the perfect "fit" or "match" (56.5%), suiting recipients'"preferences"/"desires" (19.6%), and even designing/customizing a child (15.2%). Agencies attempt to create a sense of connection between the recipients and donors by reporting donors' personal characteristics - e.g., interests/hobbies (63%), traits (34.8%), mood/temperament (20%), and self-reported childhood behavior/memories (15%). Sites present donors as caring/generous (54.3%) and smart/successful/beautiful. These data, the first to examine several key aspects of Egg Donation agency websites, reveal critical aspects of how these companies communicate to prospective donors and recipients, raising several ethical concerns. Websites frame information in ways that may bias consumers, making emotional appeals that may distract from appropriate risk/benefit assessments and obscure the ethical challenges of Egg Donation. These data highlight needs for improved practices, adherence to guidelines, and consideration of enhanced guidelines or policy.
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The Finances of Egg Donation
Principles of Oocyte and Embryo Donation, 2013Co-Authors: Arthur J. Mcgrath, Mark V. SauerAbstract:Egg Donation has always been a relatively expensive form of assisted reproduction. This is partly due to the obvious fact that in most cases, the donor receives financial compensation for the performance of her service, as well as the extra costs associated with screening the donor prior to her acceptance into the program. However, the discrepancies presently seen in cost between conventional IVF and donor Egg IVF were not always so great. For instance, in 1990 patients were typically spending approximately $5,000–7,000 with medications for a cycle of in vitro fertilization, whereas Egg Donation averaged around $9,000–10,000. In 2012, including the cost of drugs, IVF in most American centers costs around $10,000, whereas a donor Egg cycle commonly runs $25,000 or more per attempt.
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ETHICS IN Egg Donation: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
Seminars in reproductive medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Joshua U. Klein, Mark V. SauerAbstract:Since the advent of clinical human Egg Donation just over 25 years ago, ethical considerations have been central to its successful application and popular acceptance. Early in its history, "essentialist" arguments questioning the moral validity of the practice altogether were commonplace. More recently, most academic discussion has been focused on "consequentialist" issues relating to practical approaches to Egg Donation that minimize ethically troublesome consequences. Three issues that have attracted a bulk of the attention in this regard are compensation, postmenopausal pregnancy, and Egg sharing. Although much consensus has been reached on some very controversial issues, the enormous potential of increasingly successful oocyte cryopreservation, as well as emerging stem cell technologies, is very likely to provide abundant fuel for the continued debate of provocative and contentious ethical issues in human Egg Donation.
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Further HFEA restrictions on Egg Donation in the UK: two strikes and you're out!
Reproductive biomedicine online, 2005Co-Authors: Mark V. SauerAbstract:The UK and Europe have lagged far behind the USA in the number of Egg Donation cycles performed over the past two decades. This disparity has been largely attributed to governmental restraints placed on the method within these locales, combined with the lack of regulation in the USA. Severely limiting donor compensation and requiring donors to be identified 18 years or more after their participation will undoubtedly lead to the demise of Egg Donation as the UK now knows it. Throwing more money at the problem, in the form of increased donor compensation, is unlikely to fix the shortage of participants that is to come. As already witnessed, increasing numbers of women and couples will probably seek treatment outside their native borders to escape the unreasonable demands placed upon their personal liberties by government. Regulation will promote 'reproductive tourism' as patients seek care in areas of the world where self-determination is protected by law.
Machelle M. Seibel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Future of Egg Donation
Principles of Oocyte and Embryo Donation, 1998Co-Authors: Machelle M. SeibelAbstract:During this time of tremendous changes in health care, anticipating the future of the most conventional and standard medical procedures is extremely challenging. Against this backdrop, attempting to speculate on the future of a relatively new and complex procedure such as Egg Donation is particularly daunting. Therefore, I take this opportunity for speculation knowing that my conjecture will depend as much or more on new developments in health law and the evolutionary opinion of what is ethical as it does on the social and medical needs and desires of patients.
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toward reducing risks and costs of Egg Donation a preliminary report
Fertility and Sterility, 1995Co-Authors: Machelle M. SeibelAbstract:Objective To use clomiphene citrate for ovarian stimulation of Egg donors as a means of reducing the risk, discomfort, and inconvenience for Egg donors and reducing costs for recipients. Design Prospective nonrandomized clinical study. Setting Private reproductive center. Patient Egg Donation recipients and their anonymous donors. Interventions Clomiphene citrate was administered to Egg donors rather than a GnRH agonist and gonadotropins before oocyte retrieval. Main Outcome Measure Pregnancy. Results Eleven oocyte retrievals were performed and conception occurred in four cycles, three of which delivered. Conclusions Clomiphene citrate appears to be a reasonable less expensive method of ovarian stimulation for Egg Donation in normospermic males and appears more acceptable to potential donors.
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Toward reducing risks and costs of Egg Donation: a preliminary report *
Fertility and sterility, 1995Co-Authors: Machelle M. SeibelAbstract:Objective To use clomiphene citrate for ovarian stimulation of Egg donors as a means of reducing the risk, discomfort, and inconvenience for Egg donors and reducing costs for recipients. Design Prospective nonrandomized clinical study. Setting Private reproductive center. Patient Egg Donation recipients and their anonymous donors. Interventions Clomiphene citrate was administered to Egg donors rather than a GnRH agonist and gonadotropins before oocyte retrieval. Main Outcome Measure Pregnancy. Results Eleven oocyte retrievals were performed and conception occurred in four cycles, three of which delivered. Conclusions Clomiphene citrate appears to be a reasonable less expensive method of ovarian stimulation for Egg Donation in normospermic males and appears more acceptable to potential donors.