The Experts below are selected from a list of 53814 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Iain Macgill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessing Electric Vehicle storage, flexibility, and Distributed Energy Resource potential
Journal of Energy Storage, 2018Co-Authors: Graham Mills, Iain MacgillAbstract:The emergence of Plug in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) is a process which will bring a large aggregate source of distributed energy storage into the Electricity Industry. The potential exists for this storage to bring benefits from the ability to shift net BEV demand (both charging and vehicle to the grid export) in response to Electricity Industry needs. The potential for BEV flexibility to act as a Distributed Energy Resource (DER) is however constrained by a range of factors including their mobility, need to serve transport energy requirements, and the locational/temporal availability of physical charging opportunity. This paper addresses the challenge of characterizing the availability of this new storage resource and aims to be of use to policy makers and Electricity Industry planners in developing strategies for maximizing the value of BEV integration for the Electricity Industry. In particular it: presents a general discussion of, and framework for understanding the manner in which BEV storage gives rise to charging/discharging flexibility, presents a method for simply characterizing the factors which constrain this flexible resource, introduces a method for empirically establishing a benchmark DER potential which fully accounts for relevant constraints, and applies these methods to a case study of vehicle use in the Sydney Greater Metropolitan area. Results show that, in respect of vehicle transport in Sydney, charging speed and the need to reserve energy in respect of transport needs is a lesser constraint than the impact of charging infrastructure availability. While the DER potential declines during the day in all cases, access to additional charging infrastructure minimizes this decline. Investment in additional non-residential charging infrastructure may therefore be particularly important in maximizing the DER potential arising from BEV storage flexibility, in particular for the opportunity to manage the integration of high future PV generation levels.
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Assessing the sustainability challenges for Electricity industries in ASEAN newly industrialising countries, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
2015Co-Authors: Peerapat Vithayasrichareon, Iain Macgill, T. NakawiroAbstract:The region of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is one of the fastest developing regions in the world. Strong economic and social development have contributed to rapid growth in Electricity consumption within this region, which whilst representing significant societal progress has potentially growing adverse environmental impacts. This study evaluates some key challenges in the Electricity industries of five ASEAN newly industrializing countries: Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam. The framework for this study is the 3A’s energy sustainability objectives: Accessibility, Availability and Acceptability introduced by the World Energy Council. The key sustainability challenges in these countries are generally attributable to satisfying rapid demand growth; enhancing security of Electricity supply; and mitigating the increase in CO2 emissions as a result of Electricity consumption. We assess the status of the Electricity industries in these countries against a range of performance indicators for these challenges. Our study highlights some of the key issues facing governments, the Electricity Industry and investors, and the need for new decision support tools to guide Electricity sector development. KEY WORDS Energy sustainability, Electricity industries in ASEAN, Electricity Industry investment. 1
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value of net fit pv policies for different Electricity Industry participants considering demand side response
Progress in Photovoltaics, 2014Co-Authors: Sebastian H Oliva, Iain MacgillAbstract:Net-metering feed-in-tariffs (net-FiT) policies for residential photovoltaics (PV) have financial implications not only for PV customers but also for all other Electricity Industry participants. They may also incentivise households to adjust their daily load patterns to either minimise or maximise PV export depending on the FiT design and wider retail Electricity arrangements. In this paper, we study the financial implications of both residential PV systems and such demand-side response (DSR) on the financial returns of PV for households, their retailers and their distribution network service providers (DNSPs). We use half-hourly PV generation and household consumption data for 61 houses in the Australian city of Sydney and consider two net-FiT designs offering tariffs either significantly higher or lower than retail Electricity rates. We use a simple model of DSR that allows households to increase PV exports or self-consumption by moving load between daylight hours and the evening. We find that such DSR modestly improve household revenue but has potentially greater implications for retailers and DNSPs. DSR to increase exports reduces the adverse impacts of PV on retailer and DNSP revenues, while increased self-consumption worsens them. Conversely, increased exports might drive DNSP expenditures in constrained network areas while increased self-consumption might help reduce them. The study highlights the importance of designing PV policies with regard to their implications for retailers and DNSPs as well as PV households. Furthermore, the broader policy settings of retail Electricity markets will become increasingly important as PV deployment grows, opportunities for DSR expand and current inadequacies in retail Electricity markets become more marked. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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revolution evolution or back to the future lessons from the Electricity supply Industry s formative days
Distributed Generation and its Implications for the Utility Industry, 2014Co-Authors: Robert Smith, Iain MacgillAbstract:Abstract Is the Electricity Industry facing unprecedented revolutionary change? Do emerging drivers including climate change, distributed energy technologies, energy efficiency, and growing customer engagement undermine the Industry's existing centralized generation, large grids, and the business models they supported? This chapter explores these questions by looking back to the early history of the Electricity Industry, starting with Edison's light bulb. It describes the uncertainties and difficulties that initially faced the grid we now take for granted. It highlights that the revolution some see as imminent might better be viewed as a counterrevolution, back to before the development of nation-spanning grids and utilities to run them. Yet, history also cautions that current arrangements and business models have been remarkably adaptive for over a century and may well prove more resilient than imagined. It concludes that, whether evolutionary or revolutionary, the Industry needs to prepare for change and find opportunities to be part of the transition, should a largely decentralized grid prove to be better placed to meet society's future energy needs.
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a monte carlo based decision support tool for assessing generation portfolios in future carbon constrained Electricity industries
Energy Policy, 2012Co-Authors: Peerapat Vithayasrichareon, Iain MacgillAbstract:This paper presents a novel decision-support tool for assessing future generation portfolios in an increasingly uncertain Electricity Industry. The tool combines optimal generation mix concepts with Monte Carlo simulation and portfolio analysis techniques to determine expected overall Industry costs, associated cost uncertainty, and expected CO2 emissions for different generation portfolio mixes. The tool can incorporate complex and correlated probability distributions for estimated future fossil-fuel costs, carbon prices, plant investment costs, and demand, including price elasticity impacts. The intent of this tool is to facilitate risk-weighted generation investment and associated policy decision-making given uncertainties facing the Electricity Industry. Applications of this tool are demonstrated through a case study of an Electricity Industry with coal, CCGT, and OCGT facing future uncertainties. Results highlight some significant generation investment challenges, including the impacts of uncertain and correlated carbon and fossil-fuel prices, the role of future demand changes in response to Electricity prices, and the impact of construction cost uncertainties on capital intensive generation. The tool can incorporate virtually any type of input probability distribution, and support sophisticated risk assessments of different portfolios, including downside economic risks. It can also assess portfolios against multi-criterion objectives such as greenhouse emissions as well as overall Industry costs.
Hugh Outhred - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electricity Industry restructuring in australia underlying principles and experience to date
Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2007Co-Authors: Hugh OuthredAbstract:Electricity restructuring is a complex, never-ending process that has engineering, economic, social, commercial, legal and policy dimensions and takes place within a broad societal context. Thus, there are many interdisciplinary challenges for the design, implementation and on-going maintenance of a successful restructuring process. Moreover, it is not possible beforehand to be sure that a particular design will work satisfactorily because the formally designed aspects of a restructured Industry are only part of the whole. Therefore, it is most important to approach the design of restructuring in manner that is as robust as possible over both the short and long term. This paper describes the underlying principles used in restructuring the Australian Electricity Industry and discusses outcomes to date and current challenges
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managing availability quality and security in a restructured Electricity Industry with reference to the australian national Electricity market
Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Hugh OuthredAbstract:An AC Electricity Industry operates by establishing and maintaining near-sinusoidal voltage waveforms at end-user premises. Electricity markets in a restructured Electricity Industry should replicate this behavior as far as possible. In particular, they should allow end-users to specify the values they place on quality of electrical energy and allow them to manage their future risk levels associated with availability and quality of supply. This property is needed to allocate resources to support a cost-effective flow of end-use energy services in a risk-management context. Our research and experience with the Australian National Electricity Market suggest that the use of a forward-looking but short-term (eg 30 minutes) nodal spot market with associated ancillary service and derivative markets (aggregated to balance nodal precision and liquidity) would support an evolution of this kind subject to greater end-user participation in an enhanced Electricity nodal spot market design employing voltage-value functions.
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Electricity Industry Restructuring for Efficiency and Sustainability - Lessons from the Australian Experience
2006Co-Authors: Hugh Outhred, Iain MacgillAbstract:To reduce climate change emissions, Electricity Industry restructuring must deliver outcomes such as: • Improved end-use efficiency, including building and equipment design • Greater use of low-emission generation, including renewable energy and co-generation • Greater use of actively managed energy storage facilities including some electrical loads • Reduced losses in the energy conversion chain It must also maintain appropriate supply reliability and quality despite greater reliance on time-varying renewable energy fluxes and small-scale distributed resources. Moreover, the need to achieve economically efficient outcomes remains as strong as ever, while energy security concerns (both short and longer-term) are receiving growing attention. To deliver such outcomes requires a sophisticated approach to Electricity Industry restructuring that coordinates centralized and decentralized decision-making by policy makers, regulators, system operations, supply and demand side Industry participants, equipment manufacturers and building designers. It is particularly important to establish a framework that allows Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) to play a key role in facilitating improved end-use decision-making. Advanced metering and communication and flexibility in demand are important in this regard. This paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the Australian approach to Electricity Industry restructuring with particular attention to the role of ESCOs. It assesses the wholesale and retail energy and ancillary service market designs, tradable environmental instruments, advanced metering strategy and regulatory and policy framework with respect to efficient energy use, stochastic renewable energy generation and cogeneration, and energy storage. It makes suggestions on how to enhance participation by end-users, ESCOs, building designers, and equipment manufacturers.
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some design lessons from market based greenhouse gas regulation in the restructured australian Electricity Industry
Energy Policy, 2006Co-Authors: Iain Macgill, Hugh Outhred, Karel NollesAbstract:Abstract There is growing worldwide interest in the use of market-based policy instruments for climate change regulation in the Electricity sector. These mechanisms would seem to offer some efficiency and flexibility advantages over more traditional regulatory approaches, while being highly compatible with competitive market-based Electricity industries. Australia has been an early and enthusiastic adopter of both Electricity Industry restructuring and market-based environmental instruments. This paper first outlines some of these recent policy developments. In particular, we describe the objectives, design and outcomes to date of Electricity Industry restructuring, the Mandatory Renewable Energy Target, the NSW Greenhouse Benchmarks, the Queensland 13% Gas scheme and Government accredited Green Power. From this, we draw some key design lessons for such market-based instruments. These include the perils of abstraction in scheme design, the vital importance of setting appropriate baselines in ‘baseline and credit’ schemes, the possibility that such measures may interact in ways that reduce their environmental effectiveness, ‘market for lemon’ risks with tradable instruments that have measurement, verification or ‘additionality’ difficulties, and the challenges of creating transparent liquid markets for these mechanisms. The mixed performance of these Australian schemes to date illustrates the need for great care in designing such market-based approaches.
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market base environmental regulation in the restructured australian Electricity Industry
New Challenges for Energy Decision Makers 26th IAEE International Conference 2003, 2003Co-Authors: Iain Macgill, Karel Nolles, Hugh OuthredAbstract:The challenge for environmental regulation in a restructured Electricity Industry is its need to be compatible with both the inherent complexities of power systems and competition based coordination of the Industry, yet still effective in meeting environmental objectives. This paper outlines some recent developments in market-based environmental regulation of greenhouse emissions in the Australian Electricity Industry. In particular, we describe the objectives, design and outcomes of Electricity Industry restructuring, the Mandatory Renewable Energy Target, the NSW Greenhouse Benchmarks, the Queensland 13% Gas scheme and Government accredited Green Power. Key design issues are shown to include the necessary abstractions for implementing such market schemes, the moral hazards that can arise (particularly with ‘baseline and credit’ approaches) and the potential for measures to interact in ways that reduce their respective environmental effectiveness. The mixed performance of these Australian schemes to date illustrates the need for great care in designing such market-based approaches.
Yiming Wei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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will pollution taxes improve joint ecological and economic efficiency of thermal power Industry in china a dea based materials balance approach
Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Ke Wang, Yiming WeiAbstract:Previous studies of the efficiency of Chinese Electricity Industry have been limited in providing insights regarding policy implications of inherent trade-offs of economic and environmental outcomes. This study proposes a modified data envelopment analysis method combined with materials balance principle to estimate ecological and cost efficiency in the Chinese Electricity Industry. The economic cost and ecological impact of energy input reallocation strategies for improving efficiency are identified. The possible impacts of pollution taxes upon the levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions are assessed. Estimation results show that (i) both energy input costs and SO2 could be reduced through increasing technical efficiency. (ii) It is possible to adjust energy input mix to attain ecological efficient, and correspondingly, SO2 would reduce by 15%. (iii) The Chinese Electricity Industry would reduce its unit cost by 9% if optimal ecological efficiency is attained and reduce its unit pollution by 13% if optimal cost efficiency is attained, implying that there are positive ecological synergy effects associated with energy cost savings and positive economic synergy effects associated with SO2 pollution reductions. (iv) Estimated shadow costs of SO2 reduction are very high, suggesting that, in the short term, the Chinese Electricity Industry should pursue cost efficient point instead of ecological efficient point, since alternative abatement activities are less costly and some of the abatement cost could be further offset by energy input cost savings. (v) There would be no significant difference between the impacts of pollution discharge fees and pollution taxes on SO2 emissions levels because of the relatively low pollution tax rate.
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will pollution taxes improve joint ecological and economic efficiency of thermal power Industry in china a dea based materials balance approach
Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Ke Wang, Yiming WeiAbstract:Previous studies of the efficiency of Chinese Electricity Industry have been limited in providing insights regarding policy implications of inherent trade-offs of economic and environmental outcomes. This study proposes a modified data envelopment analysis method combined with materials balance principle to estimate ecological and cost efficiency in the Chinese Electricity Industry. The economic cost and ecological impact of energy input reallocation strategies for improving efficiency are identified. The possible impacts of pollution taxes upon the levels of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions are assessed. Estimation results show that (1) both energy input costs and SO 2 could be reduced through increasing technical efficiency. (2) It is possible to adjust energy input mix to attain ecological efficiency, and, correspondingly, SO 2 would be reduced by 15%. (3) The Chinese Electricity Industry would reduce its unit cost by 9% if optimal ecological efficiency is attained and reduce its unit pollution by 13% if optimal cost efficiency is attained, implying that there are positive ecological synergy effects associated with energy cost savings and positive economic synergy effects associated with SO 2 pollution reductions. (4) Estimated shadow costs of SO 2 reduction are very high, suggesting that, in the short term, the Chinese Electricity Industry should pursue cost efficiency instead of ecological efficiency, since alternative abatement activities are less costly and some of the abatement cost could be further offset by energy input cost savings. (5) There would be no significant difference between the impacts of pollution discharge fees and pollution taxes on SO 2 emissions levels because of the relatively low pollution tax rate.
Pablo Arocena - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cost and quality gains from diversification and vertical integration in the Electricity Industry a dea approach
Energy Economics, 2008Co-Authors: Pablo ArocenaAbstract:This paper analyzes the degree of economies of vertical integration, diversification and scale in the Electricity Industry by means of Data Envelopment Analysis. We estimate the impact that alternative forms of unbundling would have on the cost and quality of supply, measured as the number and duration of supply interruptions, in a group of Spanish electric utilities. We find evidence of the existence of cost and quality gains from integrating power generation and distribution in the range of 1.1 to 4.9%, whereas diversifying the source of power generation saves between 1.3 and 4.3% of costs and quality. Finally, the scale efficiency of the largest utilities could be improved by dividing them into smaller units, provided that their current vertical scope and generation-mix are preserved.
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regulatory reform in the spanish Electricity Industry a missed opportunity for competition
Energy Policy, 1999Co-Authors: Pablo Arocena, Kaiuwe Kuhn, Pierre RegibeauAbstract:The reform of the Electricity Industry in Spain was announced as a drastic move towards freer markets and more competition. We argue that the reform is better seen as a lost opportunity for the rapid introduction of competition within the Spanish Electricity sector. Although the new legal framework introduced an innovative spot market mechanism, the pro-competitive potential of this innovation was wasted by a seriously flawed privatisation program, by allowing continued vertical integration between generation and distribution and by limiting the liberalisation of supply activities. Furthermore, the Spanish case provides a useful example of the pitfalls of regulatory reform in countries with a long tradition of detailed state intervention and opaque regulatory systems. We conclude by suggesting a number of measures that, in spite of previous irreversible policy mistakes, could still enhance the competitiveness of the Spanish Electricity markets.
Ke Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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will pollution taxes improve joint ecological and economic efficiency of thermal power Industry in china a dea based materials balance approach
Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Ke Wang, Yiming WeiAbstract:Previous studies of the efficiency of Chinese Electricity Industry have been limited in providing insights regarding policy implications of inherent trade-offs of economic and environmental outcomes. This study proposes a modified data envelopment analysis method combined with materials balance principle to estimate ecological and cost efficiency in the Chinese Electricity Industry. The economic cost and ecological impact of energy input reallocation strategies for improving efficiency are identified. The possible impacts of pollution taxes upon the levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions are assessed. Estimation results show that (i) both energy input costs and SO2 could be reduced through increasing technical efficiency. (ii) It is possible to adjust energy input mix to attain ecological efficient, and correspondingly, SO2 would reduce by 15%. (iii) The Chinese Electricity Industry would reduce its unit cost by 9% if optimal ecological efficiency is attained and reduce its unit pollution by 13% if optimal cost efficiency is attained, implying that there are positive ecological synergy effects associated with energy cost savings and positive economic synergy effects associated with SO2 pollution reductions. (iv) Estimated shadow costs of SO2 reduction are very high, suggesting that, in the short term, the Chinese Electricity Industry should pursue cost efficient point instead of ecological efficient point, since alternative abatement activities are less costly and some of the abatement cost could be further offset by energy input cost savings. (v) There would be no significant difference between the impacts of pollution discharge fees and pollution taxes on SO2 emissions levels because of the relatively low pollution tax rate.
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will pollution taxes improve joint ecological and economic efficiency of thermal power Industry in china a dea based materials balance approach
Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Ke Wang, Yiming WeiAbstract:Previous studies of the efficiency of Chinese Electricity Industry have been limited in providing insights regarding policy implications of inherent trade-offs of economic and environmental outcomes. This study proposes a modified data envelopment analysis method combined with materials balance principle to estimate ecological and cost efficiency in the Chinese Electricity Industry. The economic cost and ecological impact of energy input reallocation strategies for improving efficiency are identified. The possible impacts of pollution taxes upon the levels of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions are assessed. Estimation results show that (1) both energy input costs and SO 2 could be reduced through increasing technical efficiency. (2) It is possible to adjust energy input mix to attain ecological efficiency, and, correspondingly, SO 2 would be reduced by 15%. (3) The Chinese Electricity Industry would reduce its unit cost by 9% if optimal ecological efficiency is attained and reduce its unit pollution by 13% if optimal cost efficiency is attained, implying that there are positive ecological synergy effects associated with energy cost savings and positive economic synergy effects associated with SO 2 pollution reductions. (4) Estimated shadow costs of SO 2 reduction are very high, suggesting that, in the short term, the Chinese Electricity Industry should pursue cost efficiency instead of ecological efficiency, since alternative abatement activities are less costly and some of the abatement cost could be further offset by energy input cost savings. (5) There would be no significant difference between the impacts of pollution discharge fees and pollution taxes on SO 2 emissions levels because of the relatively low pollution tax rate.