The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Anil Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • genome wide association mapping of agro morphological traits among a diverse collection of finger millet Eleusine Coracana l genotypes using snp markers
    PLOS ONE, 2018
    Co-Authors: Divya Sharma, Salej Sood, N K Singh, Gautam Jamra, Apoorv Tiwari, Prabina Kumar Meher, Anil Kumar
    Abstract:

    Finger millet (Eleusine Coracana L.) is an important dry-land cereal in Asia and Africa because of its ability to provide assured harvest under extreme dry conditions and excellent nutritional properties. However, the genetic improvement of the crop is lacking in the absence of suitable genomic resources for reliable genotype-phenotype associations. Keeping this in view, a diverse global finger millet germplasm collection of 113 accessions was evaluated for 14 agro-morphological characters in two environments viz. ICAR-Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora (E1) and Crop Research Centre (CRC), GBPUA&T, Pantnagar (E2), India. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of phenotypic data separated the Indian and exotic accessions into two separate groups. Previously generated SNPs through genotyping by sequencing (GBS) were used for association mapping to identify reliable marker(s) linked to grain yield and its component traits. The marker trait associations were determined using single locus single trait (SLST), multi-locus mixed model (MLMM) and multi-trait mixed model (MTMM) approaches. SLST led to the identification of 20 marker-trait associations (MTAs) (p value<0.01 and <0.001) for 5 traits. While advanced models, MLMM and MTMM resulted in additional 36 and 53 MTAs, respectively. Nine MTAs were common out of total 109 associations in all the three mapping approaches (SLST, MLMM and MTMM). Among these nine SNPs, five SNP sequences showed homology to candidate genes of Oryza sativa (Rice) and Setaria italica (Foxtail millet), which play an important role in flowering, maturity and grain yield. In addition, 67 and 14 epistatic interactions were identified for 10 and 7 traits at E1 and E2 locations, respectively. Hence, the 109 novel SNPs associated with important agro-morphological traits, reported for the first time in this study could be precisely utilized in finger millet genetic improvement after validation.

  • identification and molecular characterization of dof transcription factor gene family preferentially expressed in developing spikes of Eleusine Coracana l
    3 Biotech, 2018
    Co-Authors: Supriya Gupta, Vikram Singh Gaur, Rajesh Kumar Pathak, Sanjay Gupta, N K Singh, Anil Kumar
    Abstract:

    We report 48 putative DNA binding with one finger (Dof) TF genes from genome and transcriptome data of finger millet (Eleusine Coracana L.; FM), involved in plant developmental process. To characterize seed-specific Dof genes, transcript profiles of 32 EcDof identified from transcriptome data of developing spikes of FM genotypes were further analyzed in different tissues (root, stem, and leaf) and developmental stages of spikes (S1, S2, S3, and S4) in two FM genotypes [GE1437 (low protein genotype; LPG) and GE3885 (high protein genotype; HPG)]. More than 50% of identified EcDof genes showed expression during seed development processes. Among these, seven genes (EcDof 3, EcDof 5, EcDof 15, EcDof 18, EcDof 22, EcDof 23, and EcDof 31) expressed maximally at specific stages of seed development. Fourteen EcDof genes showed that differential transcript accumulation in vegetative tissue as well as in developing spikes suggests involvement during seed filling and also throughout the plant development. In addition, three EcDof genes (EcDof 9, EcDof 25, and EcDof 28) expressed preferentially at root and stem tissue. The 3D structural prediction of EcDof proteins showed variability in structural attributes. Molecular docking results showed strong binding affinity for seed-specific EcDof–EcO2 with α-prolamine promoters. The identified and characterized EcDof genes will help to dissect the roles of FM seed-specific Dof genes.

  • calcium biofortification three pronged molecular approaches for dissecting complex trait of calcium nutrition in finger millet Eleusine Coracana for devising strategies of enrichment of food crops
    Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Divya Sharma, Uma M Singh, Salej Sood, Gautam Jamra, Anil Kumar
    Abstract:

    Calcium is an essential macronutrient for plants and animals and plays an indispensable role in structure and signaling. Low dietary intake of calcium in humans has been epidemiologically linked to various diseases which can have serious health consequences over time. Major staple food-grains are poor source of calcium, however, finger millet [Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn.], an orphan crop has an immense potential as a nutritional security crop due to its exceptionally high calcium content. Understanding the existing genetic variation as well as molecular mechanisms underlying the uptake, transport, accumulation of calcium ions (Ca2+) in grains is of utmost importance for development of calcium bio-fortified crops. In this review, we have discussed molecular mechanisms involved in calcium accumulation and transport thoroughly, emphasized the role of molecular breeding, functional genomics and transgenic approaches to understand the intricate mechanism of calcium nutrition in finger millet. The objective is to provide a comprehensive up to date account of molecular mechanisms regulating calcium nutrition and highlight the significance of bio-fortification through identification of potential candidate genes and regulatory elements from finger millet to alleviate calcium malnutrition. Hence, finger millet could be used as a model system for explaining the mechanism of elevated calcium (Ca2+) accumulation in its grains and could pave way for development of nutraceuticals or designer crops.

  • gene discovery and advances in finger millet Eleusine Coracana l gaertn genomics an important nutri cereal of future
    Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Salej Sood, Kalyana B Babu, Vikram Singh Gaur, Anil Kumar, Dinesh Pandey, Lakshmi Kant, Arunava Pattnayak
    Abstract:

    The rapid strides in molecular marker technologies followed by genomics, and next generation sequencing advancements in three major crops (rice, maize and wheat) of the world have given opportunities for their use in the orphan, but highly valuable future crops, including finger millet [Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn.]. Finger millet has many special agronomic and nutritional characteristics, which make it an indispensable crop in arid, semi-arid, hilly and tribal areas of India and Africa. The crop has proven its adaptability in harsh conditions and has shown resilience to climate change. The adaptability traits of finger millet have shown the advantage over major cereal grains under stress conditions, revealing it as a storehouse of important genomic resources for crop improvement. Although new technologies for genomic studies are now available, progress in identifying and tapping these important alleles or genes is lacking. RAPDs were the default choice for genetic diversity studies in the crop until the last decade, but the subsequent development of SSRs and comparative genomics paved the way for the marker assisted selection in finger millet. Resistance gene homologues from NBS-LRR region of finger millet for blast and sequence variants for nutritional traits from other cereals have been developed and used invariably. Population structure analysis studies exhibit 2-4 sub-populations in the finger millet gene pool with separate grouping of Indian and exotic genotypes. Recently, the omics technologies have been efficiently applied to understand the nutritional variation, drought tolerance and gene mining. Progress has also occurred with respect to transgenics development. This review presents the current biotechnological advancements along with research gaps and future perspective of genomic research in finger millet.

  • nutraceutical value of finger millet Eleusine Coracana l gaertn and their improvement using omics approaches
    Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Anil Kumar, Mamta Metwal, Sanveen Kaur, Atul K Gupta, Swati Puranik, Sadhna Singh, B K Babu, Manoj Singh, Supriya Gupta, Salej Sood
    Abstract:

    The science of nutritional biology has progressed extensively over the last decade to develop food-based nutraceuticals as a form of highly personalized medicine or therapeutic agent. Finger millet (Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn.) is a crop with potentially tremendous but under-explored source of nutraceutical properties as compared to other regularly consumed cereals. In the era of growing divide and drawback of nutritional security, these characteristics must be harnessed to develop finger millet as a novel functional food. In addition, introgression of these traits into other staple crops can improve the well-being of the general population on a global scale. The objective of this review is to emphasize the importance of biofortification of finger millet in context of universal health and nutritional crisis. We have specifically highlighted the role that recent biotechnological advancements have to offer for enrichment of its nutritional value and how these developments can commission to the field of nutritional biology by opening new avenues for future research.

S. L. Kothari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Optimization of factors influencing microprojectile bombardment-mediated genetic transformation of seed-derived callus and regeneration of transgenic plants in Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn
    Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2012
    Co-Authors: Swati Jagga-chugh, Aditi Kothari-chajer, Manju Sharma, Sumita Kachhwaha, S. L. Kothari
    Abstract:

    Microprojectile bombardment mediated genetic transformation parameters have been standardized for seed derived callus of Eleusine Coracana. Plasmid pCAMBIA 1381 harboring hygromycin phosphotransferase ( hptII ) as selectable marker gene and β-glucuronidase ( gus A) as reporter gene, was used for the optimization of gene transfer conditions. The transient GUS expression and survival of putative transformants were taken into consideration for the assessment of parameters. Optimum conditions for the microprojectile bombardment mediated genetic transformation of finger millet were 1,100 psi rupture disk pressure with 3 cm distance from rupture disk to macrocarrier and 12 cm microprojectile travel distance. Double bombardment with gold particles of 1.0 μm size provided maximum transient GUS expression and transformation efficiency. Osmotic treatment of callus with 0.4 M sorbitol enhanced efficiency of particle bombardment mediated genetic transformation. Regenerative calli were bombarded at optimum conditions of bombardment and placed on regeneration medium with hygromycin to obtain transformed plants. The integration of hptII and gus A genes was confirmed with PCR amplification of 684 and 634 bp sizes of the bands respectively from putative transformants and Southern blot hybridization using PCR amplified DIG labeled hptII gene as probe. PCR analysis with hptII gene specific primers indicated the presence of transgene in T_1 generation plants. Thus a successful genetic transformation system was developed using particle bombardment in E. Coracana with 45.3% transformation efficiency. The protocol will be helpful for the introgression of desired genes into E. Coracana.

  • factors influencing agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation of Eleusine Coracana l gaertn
    Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2011
    Co-Authors: Manju Sharma, Aditi Kotharichajer, Swati Jaggachugh, S. L. Kothari
    Abstract:

    Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol has been developed for Eleusine Coracana (var. PR-202) by varying several factors which influence T-DNA delivery. Green nodular regenerative calli with meristematic nodules of seed origin were used as the target tissue for Agrobacteriumtumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. The highest frequency of transformation (44.4%) was observed when callus was infected, co-cultivated and incubated at 22°C. Incorporation of higher level of CuSO4 in the regeneration medium had significantly positive effect on the recovery of transformed plants. PCR analysis of T0 and T1 generation plants with nptII-specific primers revealed the amplification of nptII gene. Southern blot analysis of six regenerated plants confirmed selectable marker gene integration in three plants. This is a first report on Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of finger millet and will pave the way for further studies in this and other millet crops.

  • Micronutrient optimization results into highly improved in vitro plant regeneration in kodo (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) and finger (Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn.) millets
    Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2008
    Co-Authors: Aditi Kothari-chajer, Manju Sharma, Sumita Kachhwaha, S. L. Kothari
    Abstract:

    Basal medium constituents and their concentration play an important role in growth and morphogenesis of plant tissues cultured in vitro. In this study effect of different inorganic nutrients (CoCl_2, MnSO_4, ZnSO_4, CuSO_4 and AgNO_3) on callus induction and plant regeneration in Paspalum scrobiculatum and Eleusine Coracana was examined. A 5× and 3× increase in regeneration response at enhanced levels of CuSO_4 was noted for kodo and finger millets, respectively. Significant improvement in plant regeneration was also observed with the increase in levels of Co and Mn. Addition of AgNO_3 to the basal medium also had a stimulatory effect on callus induction and plant regeneration. Optimization of nutrient level in the basal medium has highly significant role in obtaining maximum regeneration response from explants and callus culture.

  • inorganic nutrient manipulation for highly improved in vitro plant regeneration in finger millet Eleusine Coracana l gaertn
    In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant, 2004
    Co-Authors: S. L. Kothari, Kalpana Agarwal, Satish Kumar
    Abstract:

    Growth and morphogenesis of plant tissues under in vitro conditions are largely influenced by the composition of the culture media. In this study, effects of different inorganic nutrients (ZnSO4 and CuSO4) on callus induction and plant regeneration of Eleusine Coracana in vitro were examined. Primary callus induction without ZnSO4 resulted in improved shoot formation upon transfer of calluses to normal regeneration medium. CuSO4 increased to 5x the normal concentration in the media for primary seed callus induction and plant regeneration resulted in a 4-fold increase in number of regnnerated shoots. For long-term callus cultures, 2x KNO3 or 4x Fe-EDTA could replace the requirement for α-naphthaleneacetic acid in the regeneration medium, while 60 μM ZnSO4 or 0.5 μM CuSO4 was optimal for plant regeneration from callus cultures.

  • in vitro induction and enlargement of apical domes and formation of multiple shoots in finger millet Eleusine Coracana l gaertn and crowfoot grass Eleusine indica l gaertn
    Current Science, 2001
    Co-Authors: Satish Kumar, Kalpana Agarwal, S. L. Kothari
    Abstract:

    In cereal crops, somatic embryogenesis is the most common pathway of plant regeneration. We describe a protocol for high frequency regeneration of Eleusine Coracana via formation of large apical domes from seeds, mature embryos, immature inflorescences and immature embryos. The induction of apical domes occurred on MS medium supplemented with different auxins [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T); and parachlorophenoxyacetic acid (pCPA)] and cytokinins [kinetin (Kn) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)]. The primary domes, after four weeks of subculturing on MS + 2,4-D (0.1, 0.2 mg/l), proliferated rapidly and gave rise to secondary and tertiary domes along with green, nodular, compact callus. The domes on MS medium containing GA 3 ; (1 mg/l) or 1-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) (1 mg/l) gave rise to high-frequency shoot bud differentiation. Multiple shoot buds arose over the entire surface of the dome, exogenously. Histological observations provided a clear evidence that the shoot apices of the mature and immature embryos transformed into enlarged apical domes and the surface of the domes was occupied by highly meristematic cells which differentiated into shoot buds. De novo differentiation of meristematic giant domes and shoot buds was also observed in the repeatedly subcultured callus raised from mature embryos as well as inflorescence. Similar structures were also seen in cultures raised from immature inflorescence of crowfoot grass (Eleusine indica).

Florence Ihuoma Otihokoronkwo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparative studies on α amylases from malted maize zea mays millet Eleusine Coracana and sorghum sorghum bicolor
    Carbohydrate Polymers, 2006
    Co-Authors: Isaac Olusanjo Adewale, Edith Ngachi Agumanu, Florence Ihuoma Otihokoronkwo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Starch-digesting enzymes were extracted from unmalted, malted, malted and kilned samples of maize (Zea mays), millet (Eleusine Coracana) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and the specific activities were determined with soluble starch as substrate. The extract of malted and kilned samples was partially purified by using ammonium sulphate fractionation and the kinetic parameters of the α-amylases were determined using starch as substrate. The heat stability of the enzymes at different temperatures was also established. The results showed that all the malted grains expressed α-amylases in appreciable quantity. Sorghum had the lowest drop in α-amylases activity after kilning. Sorghum α-amylases also had the lowest Km for starch, and maize, the highest. Amylases from maize were least stable to heat denaturation at all temperatures investigated, while sorghum and millet α-amylases had similar sensitivity to heat inactivation, although sorghum amylases were slightly more resistant. The overall summary showed that α-amylases from maize were least stable to heat denaturation, and also had the lowest affinity for soluble starch. A combination of these factors might have influenced the choice of sorghum grains over maize and millet for commercial malt production.

Preety Panwar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Use of SSR, RAPD markers and protein profiles based analysis to differentiate Eleusine Coracana genotypes differing in their protein content
    Molecular Biology Reports, 2012
    Co-Authors: Anil Kumar, Preety Panwar, Netrapal Sharma, Arun K. Gupta
    Abstract:

    Fifty-two genotypes of Eleusine Coracana collected from Uttarakhand hills were subjected to simple sequence repeat (SSR), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR and protein profiling analysis to investigate the variation in protein content. The main objective of the present study was to detect variability among E. Coracana and also assess the discriminating ability of these three molecular methods. A total of 21 RAPD and 24 SSR primers were assayed for their specificity in detecting genetic variability in E. Coracana, of which 20 RAPD and 21 SSR primers were highly reproducible and were found suitable for use in PCR analysis. Assessing genetic diversity among E. Coracana genotypes by RAPD-PCR using 20 polymorphic primers yielded 56 different RAPD markers which clustered the genotypes into different groups on the basis of protein content. Similarly, SSR-PCR with 21 polymorphic primers clustered the genotypes into different groups. On the other hand, biochemical typing of E. Coracana using whole seed proteins generated profiles that showed no major difference indicating the technique to be not useful in typing genotypes of this crop. However, a few of the genotypes showed the presence of a unique band of 32 kDa that needs to be further investigated to understand the role of the protein from nutritional point of view, if any. In the present study, significant negative correlation (r = −0.69*) was found between the protein and calcium content of finger millet genotypes. Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis based seed storage proteins generated profiles showed no major differences in banding pattern among 52 finger millet genotypes while quantitative estimation of seed storage protein fractions using Lowry method revealed that glutelin was highest followed by prolamin, globulin and albumin.

  • functional markers based molecular characterization and cloning of resistance gene analogs encoding nbs lrr disease resistance proteins in finger millet Eleusine Coracana
    Molecular Biology Reports, 2011
    Co-Authors: Preety Panwar, P K Pandey, Arun Gupta, Anil Kumar
    Abstract:

    Magnaporthe grisea, the blast fungus is one of the main pathological threats to finger millet crop worldwide. A systematic search for the blast resistance gene analogs was carried out, using functional molecular markers. Three-fourths of the recognition-dependent disease resistance genes (R-genes) identified in plants encodes nucleotide binding site (NBS) leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. NBS-LRR homologs have only been isolated on a limited scale from Eleusine Coracana. Genomic DNA sequences sharing homology with NBS region of resistance gene analogs were isolated and characterized from resistant genotypes of finger millet using PCR based approach with primers designed from conserved regions of NBS domain. Attempts were made to identify molecular markers linked to the resistance gene and to differentiate the resistant bulk from the susceptible bulk. A total of 9 NBS-LRR and 11 EST-SSR markers generated 75.6 and 73.5% polymorphism respectively amongst 73 finger millet genotypes. NBS-5, NBS-9, NBS-3 and EST-SSR-04 markers showed a clear polymorphism which differentiated resistant genotypes from susceptible genotypes. By comparing the banding pattern of different resistant and susceptible genotypes, five DNA amplifications of NBS and EST-SSR primers (NBS-05504, NBS-09711, NBS-07688, NBS-03509 and EST-SSR-04241) were identified as markers for the blast resistance in resistant genotypes. Principal coordinate plot and UPGMA analysis formed similar groups of the genotypes and placed most of the resistant genotypes together showing a high level of genetic relatedness and the susceptible genotypes were placed in different groups on the basis of differential disease score. Our results provided a clue for the cloning of finger millet blast resistance gene analogs which not only facilitate the process of plant breeding but also molecular characterization of blast resistance gene analogs from Eleusine Coracana.

  • functional markers based molecular characterization and cloning of resistance gene analogs encoding nbs lrr disease resistance proteins in finger millet Eleusine Coracana
    Molecular Biology Reports, 2011
    Co-Authors: Preety Panwar, P K Pandey, Arun Gupta, Anand Kumar Jha, Anil Kumar
    Abstract:

    Magnaporthe grisea, the blast fungus is one of the main pathological threats to finger millet crop worldwide. A systematic search for the blast resistance gene analogs was carried out, using functional molecular markers. Three-fourths of the recognition-dependent disease resistance genes (R-genes) identified in plants encodes nucleotide binding site (NBS) leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. NBS-LRR homologs have only been isolated on a limited scale from Eleusine Coracana. Genomic DNA sequences sharing homology with NBS region of resistance gene analogs were isolated and characterized from resistant genotypes of finger millet using PCR based approach with primers designed from conserved regions of NBS domain. Attempts were made to identify molecular markers linked to the resistance gene and to differentiate the resistant bulk from the susceptible bulk. A total of 9 NBS-LRR and 11 EST-SSR markers generated 75.6 and 73.5% polymorphism respectively amongst 73 finger millet genotypes. NBS-5, NBS-9, NBS-3 and EST-SSR-04 markers showed a clear polymorphism which differentiated resistant genotypes from susceptible genotypes. By comparing the banding pattern of different resistant and susceptible genotypes, five DNA amplifications of NBS and EST-SSR primers (NBS-05(504,) NBS-09(711), NBS-07(688), NBS-03(509) and EST-SSR-04(241)) were identified as markers for the blast resistance in resistant genotypes. Principal coordinate plot and UPGMA analysis formed similar groups of the genotypes and placed most of the resistant genotypes together showing a high level of genetic relatedness and the susceptible genotypes were placed in different groups on the basis of differential disease score. Our results provided a clue for the cloning of finger millet blast resistance gene analogs which not only facilitate the process of plant breeding but also molecular characterization of blast resistance gene analogs from Eleusine Coracana.

  • Comparative evaluation of genetic diversity using RAPD, SSR and cytochrome P450 gene based markers with respect to calcium content in finger millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Gaertn.)
    Journal of Genetics, 2010
    Co-Authors: Preety Panwar, Manoj Nath, Vijay Kumar Yadav, Anil Kumar
    Abstract:

    Genetic relationships among 52 Eleusine Coracana (finger millet) genotypes collected from different districts of Uttarakhand were investigated by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), simple sequence repeat (SSR) and cytochrome P450 gene based markers. A total of 18 RAPD primers, 10 SSR primers, and 10 pairs of cytochrome P450 gene based markers, respectively, revealed 49.4%, 50.2% and 58.7% polymorphism in 52 genotypes of E. Coracana . Mean polymorphic information content (PIC) for each of these marker systems (0.351 for RAPD, 0.505 for SSR and 0.406 for cyt P450 gene based markers) suggested that all the marker systems were effective in determining polymorphisms. Pair-wise similarity index values ranged from 0.011 to 0.999 (RAPD), 0.010 to 0.999 (SSR) and 0.001 to 0.998 (cyt P450 gene based markers) and mean similarity index value of 0.505, 0.504 and 0.499, respectively. The dendrogram developed by RAPD, SSR and cytochrome P450 gene based primers analyses revealed that the genotypes are grouped in different clusters according to high calcium (300–450 mg/100 g), medium calcium (200–300 mg/100 g) and low calcium (100–200 mg/100 g). Mantel test employed for detection of goodness of fit established cophenetic correlation values above 0.95 for all the three marker systems. The dendrograms and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) plots derived from the binary data matrices of the three marker systems are highly concordant. High bootstrap values were obtained at major nodes of phenograms through WINBOOT software. Comparison of RAPD, SSR and cytochrome P450 gene based markers, in terms of the quality of data output, indicated that SSRs and cyt P450 gene based markers are particularly promising for the analysis of plant genome diversity. The genotypes of finger millet collected from different districts of Uttarakhand constitute a wide genetic base and clustered according to calcium contents. The identified genotypes could be used in breeding programmes and amajor input into conservation biology of cereal crops.

  • efficiency of rapd ssr and cytochrome p450 gene based markers in accessing genetic variability amongst finger millet Eleusine Coracana accessions
    Molecular Biology Reports, 2010
    Co-Authors: Preety Panwar, Netrapal Sharma, Ramesh Kumar Saini, Dinesh Yadav, Anil Kumar
    Abstract:

    Finger millet (Eleusine Coracana L.) is an important crop used for food, forage, and industrial products. Three DNA marker techniques, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), simple sequence repeat (SSR) and cytochrome P450 gene based markers were used for the detection of genetic polymorphism in 83 accessions of finger millet collected from various geographical regions of India and Africa. A total of 18 RAPD, 10 SSR and 10 pairs of cytochrome P450 gene based markers were generated 56.17, 70.19 and 54.29% polymorphism, respectively. Mean polymorphism information content (PIC) for each of these marker systems (0.280 for RAPD, 0.89 for SSR and 0.327 for cytochrome P450 gene based markers) suggested that SSR marker were highly effective in determining polymorphism. The phenograms based on the three markers data indicate that genotypes from different geographical regions are clearly distinguishable as separate clusters. Mantel test employed for detection of goodness of fit established cophenetic correlation values above 0.90 for all the three marker systems. The dendrograms and PCA plots derived from the binary data matrices of the three marker systems are highly concordant. High bootstrap values were obtained at major nodes of phenograms through WINBOOT software. Based on the results of present study, SSR and cytochrome P450 gene based markers appear to be particularly useful for the estimation of genetic diversity. This study reveals the potential of RAPD, SSR and gene based markers for characterizing germplasm of Eleusine Coracana and narrow down the vast germplasm into distinct core groups.

Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • finger millet Eleusine Coracana l gaertn improvement current status and future interventions of whole genome sequence
    Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ceasar S Antony, Theivanayagam Maharajan, T Krishna P Ajeesh, Roch G Victor, Laika Satish, M. Ramakrishnan, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
    Abstract:

    The whole genome sequence (WGS) of the much awaited, nutrient rich and climate resilient crop, finger millet (Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn.) has been released recently. While possessing superior mineral nutrients and excellent shelf life as compared to other major cereals, multiploidy nature of the genome and relatively small plantation acreage in less developed countries hampered the genome sequencing of finger millet, disposing it as one of the lastly sequenced genomes in cereals. The genomic information available for this crop is very little when compared to other major cereals like rice, maize and barley. As a result, only a limited number of genetic and genomic studies has been undertaken for the improvement of this crop. Finger millet is known especially for its superior calcium content, but the high-throughput studies are yet to be performed to understand the mechanisms behind calcium transport and grain filling. The WGS of finger millet is expected to help to understand this and other important molecular mechanisms in finger millet, which may be harnessed for the nutrient fortification of other cereals. In this review, we discuss various efforts made so far on the improvement of finger millet including genetic improvement, transcriptome analysis, mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits, etc. We also discuss the pitfalls of modern genetic studies and provide insights for accelerating the finger millet improvement with the interventions of WGS in near future. Advanced genetic and genomic studies aided by WGS may help to improve the finger millet, which will be helpful to strengthen the nutritional security in addition to food security in the developing countries of Asia and Africa.

  • assessment of genetic diversity population structure and relationships in indian and non indian genotypes of finger millet Eleusine Coracana l gaertn using genomic ssr markers
    SpringerPlus, 2016
    Co-Authors: M. Ramakrishnan, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu, Antony S Ceasar, Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan, N A Aldhabi
    Abstract:

    We evaluated the genetic variation and population structure in Indian and non-Indian genotypes of finger millet using 87 genomic SSR primers. The 128 finger millet genotypes were collected and genomic DNA was isolated. Eighty-seven genomic SSR primers with 60–70 % GC contents were used for PCR analysis of 128 finger millet genotypes. The PCR products were separated and visualized on a 6 % polyacrylamide gel followed by silver staining. The data were used to estimate major allele frequency using Power Marker v3.0. Dendrograms were constructed based on the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. Statistical fitness and population structure analyses were performed to find the genetic diversity. The mean major allele frequency was 0.92; the means of polymorphic alleles were 2.13 per primer and 1.45 per genotype; the average polymorphism was 59.94 % per primer and average PIC value was 0.44 per primer. Indian genotypes produced an additional 0.21 allele than non-Indian genotypes. Gene diversity was in the range from 0.02 to 0.35. The average heterozygosity was 0.11, close to 100 % homozygosity. The highest inbreeding coefficient was observed with SSR marker UGEP67. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficient value ranged from 0.011 to 0.836. The highest similarity value was 0.836 between genotypes DPI009-04 and GPU-45. Indian genotypes were placed in Eleusine Coracana major cluster (EcMC) 1 along with 6 non-Indian genotypes. AMOVA showed that molecular variance in genotypes from various geographical regions was 4 %; among populations it was 3 % and within populations it was 93 %. PCA scatter plot analysis showed that GPU-28, GPU-45 and DPI009-04 were closely dispersed in first component axis. In structural analysis, the genotypes were divided into three subpopulations (SP1, SP2 and SP3). All the three subpopulations had an admixture of alleles and no pure line was observed. These analyses confirmed that all the genotypes were genetically diverse and had been grouped based on their geographic regions.

  • efficient somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from shoot apex explants of different indian genotypes of finger millet Eleusine Coracana l gaertn
    In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant, 2008
    Co-Authors: Antony S Ceasar, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
    Abstract:

    An efficient somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration system was developed from shoot apex explants of finger millet, Eleusine Coracana. Eight genotypes, CO 7, CO 9, CO 13, CO 14, GPU 26, GPU 28, GPU 45, and GPU 48, were assessed in this study. The maximum somatic embryogenic induction, at 98.6%, was obtained from explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 18.0 μM dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.3 μM kinetin. The highest number of shoot induction (26) was observed after transfer of embryonic callus to regeneration medium supplemented with 4.5 μM thidiazuran and 4.6 μM kinetin. Significant differences were observed between genotypes for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. GPU 45 gave the best response, while CO 7 was the least responsive under the culture conditions tested in this study. Regenerated plants were successfully rooted and grown to maturity after hardening in soil.