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A. Bolsunovsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Use of the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis to assess toxicity and genotoxicity of Yenisei River sediments
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: T. A. Zotina, E. A. Trofimova, D. V. Dementyev, Marina Yu Medvedeva, A. BolsunovskyAbstract:The toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of bulk sediments from the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia) were estimated in laboratory bioassays based on several endpoints in the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis. The bottom sediment samples were collected in the Yenisei River upstream and downstream of the sources of chemical and radioactive contamination. The testing revealed different sensitivities of Elodea endpoints to the quality of the bottom sediment: weight of shoots
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The effect of radionuclide and heavy metal contamination of the Yenisei River on cytogenetics of aquatic plant Elodea canadensis
Radioprotection, 2009Co-Authors: A. Bolsunovsky, E. N. Muratova, A. Sukovaty, M. G. KornilovaAbstract:The study was done to determine concentrations of radionuclides and heavy metals and to evaluate the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in samples of Elodea canadensis , a submerged plant, collected in different parts of the Yenisei River. Samples were collected in the area subjected to radioactive impact of the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC) at Zheleznogorsk and in the control areas, upstream of the MCC. The investigations showed that Elodea biomass in the area affected by MCC operation contained a long inventory of artificial radionuclides typical of the MCC discharges. Upstream of the MCC, in the control sampling areas, the sediments and the Elodea biomass contained only one artificial radionuclide – 137 Cs. Thus, the exposure doses to Elodea shoots and roots upstream of the MCC are small (not more than 8 μGy/d) and the main contribution to them is made by natural radionuclides. At the MCC discharge site (the village of Atamanovo) and downstream of it, the total dose rate increases almost an order of magnitude, reaching its maximal values – 72 μGy/d for Elodea shoots and 58 μGy/d for roots. Cytogenetic investigations of Elodea roots showed that at the MCC discharge site (the village of Atamanovo) and downstream of it the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in ana-telophase and metaphase cells of Elodea was considerably higher than in the control area. It is highly probable that this simultaneous dramatic increase in the total exposure rate and the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in Elodea is associated with the radiation factor. It is suggested that Elodea is affected not only by the radiation factor but also by the chemical factor – toxicity of heavy metals.
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Accumulation of 242Pu by a macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis) in laboratory experiments
Chemosphere, 2009Co-Authors: A. Bolsunovsky, L. G. Bondareva, F. V. Sukhorukov, M. MelgunovAbstract:Abstract The study addresses 242Pu accumulation by Elodea canadensis, one of the abundant species of submerged plants in the Yenisei River. 242Pu in water samples of the “Elodea – Yenisei River water” model system and in the biomass fractions was determined α-spectrometrically, following radiochemical recovery of 242Pu using 236Pu – a chemical yield tracer. The experiments on accumulation of 242Pu by Elodea biomass showed that the activity concentration of 242Pu can reach 21 ± 2 Bq/g dry wt, with the concentration factor for 242Pu 13100 ± 2100 L/kg dry wt. Results of chemical fractionation proved that during the first few hours of the experiment 242Pu contained in Elodea was mainly concentrated in the exchangeable and the adsorbed fractions of biomass (about 100%). As Elodea biomass accumulated 242Pu, the absolute amount of 242Pu in the exchangeable and the adsorbed fractions remained almost unchanged, although the portion of 242Pu tightly bound to biomass increased. At the end of the experiment, on day 7, 242Pu tightly bound to biomass (fractions of organics and mineral residue) constituted 43–63% (in different experiments) of the total 242Pu in the biomass.
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Accumulation and release of 99Tc by a macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis) in laboratory experiments
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: A. Bolsunovsky, L. G. BondarevaAbstract:The study addresses 99Tc accumulation and release by Elodea canadensis, one of the abundant species of submerged plants in the Yenisei River 99Tc in water samples of the “Elodea-Yenisei River water” model system and in the biomass fractions was measured using a liquid scintillatio analyzer. Experiments on accumulation of 99Tc by Elodea showed that 99Tc activity concentration can reach 120±6 Bq/g dry wt, with concentration factor for 99Tc 2700±500 l/kg dry wt. In experiments on 99Tc release, over 504 hours about 82% of the total 99Tc activit released into the water from the plant; most of 99Tc was released within the first 192 hours. The data obtained using sequential chemica fractionation of biomass confirmed the experimental data on 99Tc release, which suggested that most of the biomass-bound 99Tc was adsorbed the surface of Elodea. 99Tc tightly bound to biomass (fractions of organics and mineral residue) constituted just 17% of the total 99Tc activity.
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Accumulation and release of 241Am by a macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis)
Journal of environmental radioactivity, 2005Co-Authors: A. Bolsunovsky, T. A. Zotina, L. G. BondarevaAbstract:Abstract The source of radioactive contamination of the Yenisei River floodplain, including contamination with transuranic elements, is the Mining-and-Chemical Combine of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy, which has for many years been producing weapons-grade plutonium. Transuranic elements have been detected not only in the soil and sediment of the river but also in the biomass of aquatic plants. This work is an investigation of accumulation and release of 241 Am by a submerged macrophyte of the Yenisei River ( Elodea canadensis ) in laboratory experiments. In 2000–2003, laboratory experiments were carried out with biomass of E. canadensis Mich. and filtered river water. The samples were collected from the Yenisei River upstream of the discharge of the Combine's radioactive effluent. The experiments showed that 241 Am is accumulated by Elodea biomass: the activity concentration of 241 Am can reach 3280 ± 240 Bq/g, with the concentration factor for 241 Am 16 600 ± 2200 l/kg. Results of chemical fractionation have proved that in the course of 241 Am accumulation by Elodea biomass, 241 Am tightly bound to biomass increases from 11% to 27% of the total 241 Am in the biomass. Release of 241 Am from the decaying Elodea biomass has been evaluated experimentally. By the end of the experiment (lasting up to 127 days), the Elodea plants had lost up to 65% of their initial 241 Am activity and the rate of 241 Am release into the water environment reached 23 Bq/day.
Gabrielle Thiébaut - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regeneration and colonization abilities of the invasive species Elodea canadensis and Elodea nuttallii under a salt gradient: implications for freshwater invasibility
Hydrobiologia, 2018Co-Authors: Lise Thouvenot, Gabrielle ThiébautAbstract:Salinity plays an important role in macrophyte distribution. The current increase in salinization of native freshwaters could modify their susceptibility to invasion. In this study, we determined the tolerance to salt of two invasive macrophytes: Elodea canadensis and Elodea nuttallii. We analysed their growth, regeneration and colonization abilities and the influence of their phenological stage in their response to salt in a laboratory experiment. Traits of both Elodea species varied according to the season and the salt concentration: they were more affected by salt in autumn than in spring, demonstrating higher salt tolerance in spring than in autumn. The two species were sensitive to different thresholds of salinity, although they were both strongly reduced at 3 g l−1 of salt in autumn. Consequently, salt marshes and brackish waters (salt concentration inferior to 3 g l−1 of salt) are likely to be invaded by both species, but the effect of salt levels superior to 3 g l−1 on plant invasiveness needs to be investigated.
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Accumulation of metals in Elodea canadensis and Elodea nuttallii: implications for plant-macroinvertebrate interactions.
The Science of the total environment, 2010Co-Authors: Gabrielle Thiébaut, Y. Gross, Pierre Gierlinski, Anatole BoichéAbstract:Elodea nuttallii and Elodea canadensis are considered good candidates for metal studies. Metal pollution can disturb the interactions between trophic levels. Our goals were 1) to analyse the metal content in plants, sediment and water from three polluted sites, and 2) to analyse the impact of metal contamination on plant consumption by macroinvertebrates. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe and S were measured in water, sediment and in the two Elodea species during two years. Our results showed that metal accumulation varied according to site, metal and season. The ability to uptake metal was similar in E. canadensis and in E. nuttallii. No significant seasonal metal accumulation was established for plants or sediment. Metal accumulation in Elodea species in polluted sites had no impact on their palatability. The plant palatability depends on the season and varies according to the part of the plant. In autumn, apex was less consumed than defoliated and foliated stems.
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Accumulation of metals in Elodea canadensis and Elodea nuttallii: Implications for plant-macroinvertebrate interactions.
Science of the Total Environment, 2010Co-Authors: Gabrielle Thiébaut, Y. Gross, Pierre Gierlinski, Anatole BoichéAbstract:Elodea nuttallii and Elodea canadensis are considered good candidates for metal studies. Metal pollution can disturb the interactions between trophic levels. Our goals were 1) to analyse the metal content in plants, sediment and water from three polluted sites, and 2) to analyse the impact of metal contamination on plant consumption by macroinvertebrates. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe and S were measured in water, sediment and in the two Elodea species during two years. Our results showed that metal accumulation varied according to site, metal and season. The ability to uptake metal was similar in E. canadensis and in E. nuttallii. No significant seasonal metal accumulation was established for plants or sediment. Metal accumulation in Elodea species in polluted sites had no impact on their palatability. The plant palatability depends on the season and varies according to the part of the plant. In autumn, apex was less consumed than defoliated and foliated stems.
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Contrasting seasonal patterns in the acceptability of a naturalized and an introduced macrophyte for a generalist shredder.
Fundamental and Applied Limnology, 2010Co-Authors: Anatole Boiché, Pierre Gierlinski, Gabrielle ThiébautAbstract:Given the increasing problems with invasive aquatic plants in many freshwaters, more research on macrophyte acceptability by herbivores is warranted. Our study deals with the comparison of the acceptability in different seasons of a naturalised (Elodea canadensis) and a recently introduced species (Elodea nuttallii) originating from North America, for an omnivorous shredder, the amphipod Gammarus roeseli. It also compares acceptability trends of various plant parts (apex, defoliated stem and foliated stem) in the case of E. nuttallii. Two determinants of plant palatability (the plant dry matter content and the carbon/nitrogen ratio) were measured at each season for the two macrophytes. Our results show contrasting seasonal patterns for the two Elodea species. The main result is the highly contrasting acceptability of the two Elodea species in summer. Moreover, the consumption of the macrophytes tends to increase from spring to autumn. The lower acceptability of E. canadensis could be explained by a higher dry matter content, refl ecting higher physical and chemical defences than those of E. nuttallii. The contrasting consumption patterns between the two macrophytes observed in summer could indicate different strategies against the herbivores that should be related to their introduction history. The lower carbon/nitrogen ratio in autumn could explain the increase of acceptability of both Elodea species in this season. The transition towards dormancy of both macrophytes and the subsequent decrease in defence mechanisms may induce colonisation by epiphytes and microbial decomposers and therefore the increase of nitrogen content.
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Management of Aquatic Exotic Plants: The Case of Elodea Species.
2008Co-Authors: Gabrielle Thiébaut, F. Di Nino, P. WagnerAbstract:Elodea canadensis Michaux, coming from North America has been introduced in Europe in 1836 and soon became a widely distributed and troublesome species in Europe, after which it often became integrated in the biocoenosis. Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St John was first introduced into Europe in 1939. Only female plants were observed. Apparently, E. nuttallii is actively spreading in many parts of Europe and seems to be replacing E. canadensis in many localities. The impact of several frequencies of hand-pulling on the biomass and on the architecture of E. nuttallii and of E. canadensis was evaluated by assessment of morphological traits in stream and in a reservoir respectively. The stream is invaded by E. nuttallii and the reservoir by E. canadensis. Handpulling caused a temporary drastic reduction of biomass of E. nuttallii and of E. canadensis. After handpulling, the spread of E. nuttallii and of E. canadensis was area restricted. The development of native aquatic plants was favoured two years after the last hand-pulling. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the architecture of Elodea sp. between the reference and experimental areas. Elodea appeared as disturbance–tolerant species.
L. G. Bondareva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interaction of Tritium with Elodea canadensis and Lemna minor.
Radiatsionnaia biologiia radioecologiia, 2016Co-Authors: L. G. Bondareva, M A SubbotinAbstract:Tritium is the least toxic radionuclide. The main contribution into the total tritium content in ecosystems is made by technogenic tritium, which is due to the operation of nuclear fuel cycle enterprises. The tritium content in the ecosystem of the River Yenisei is connected with its background values as well as with tritium entering the water ecosystem as a result of the operation of the Mining and Chemical Combine, MCC Rosatom. Presented here are the investigations of the possible transformation of tritium interacting with certain species of aqueous plants - submerged rnacrophyte Elodea canadensis and an aqueous plant floating on the surface of water reservoirs Lemna minor. Elodea sampling was made in a real water reservoir - the River Yenisei, while lemna was grown in the laboratory conditions. The experiments show that with the chronic exposure of young Elodea shoots to tritium, the latter transforms from HTO to OBT. Optimal conditions were also obtained for the maximum transformation of tritium ≈35% from the total content: at 25°C and the light period 6/18 (day/night). In the experiments with duckweed, observed a significant increase in area of fronds in introducing tritium into the system.
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Accumulation of 242Pu by a macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis) in laboratory experiments
Chemosphere, 2009Co-Authors: A. Bolsunovsky, L. G. Bondareva, F. V. Sukhorukov, M. MelgunovAbstract:Abstract The study addresses 242Pu accumulation by Elodea canadensis, one of the abundant species of submerged plants in the Yenisei River. 242Pu in water samples of the “Elodea – Yenisei River water” model system and in the biomass fractions was determined α-spectrometrically, following radiochemical recovery of 242Pu using 236Pu – a chemical yield tracer. The experiments on accumulation of 242Pu by Elodea biomass showed that the activity concentration of 242Pu can reach 21 ± 2 Bq/g dry wt, with the concentration factor for 242Pu 13100 ± 2100 L/kg dry wt. Results of chemical fractionation proved that during the first few hours of the experiment 242Pu contained in Elodea was mainly concentrated in the exchangeable and the adsorbed fractions of biomass (about 100%). As Elodea biomass accumulated 242Pu, the absolute amount of 242Pu in the exchangeable and the adsorbed fractions remained almost unchanged, although the portion of 242Pu tightly bound to biomass increased. At the end of the experiment, on day 7, 242Pu tightly bound to biomass (fractions of organics and mineral residue) constituted 43–63% (in different experiments) of the total 242Pu in the biomass.
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Accumulation and release of 99Tc by a macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis) in laboratory experiments
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: A. Bolsunovsky, L. G. BondarevaAbstract:The study addresses 99Tc accumulation and release by Elodea canadensis, one of the abundant species of submerged plants in the Yenisei River 99Tc in water samples of the “Elodea-Yenisei River water” model system and in the biomass fractions was measured using a liquid scintillatio analyzer. Experiments on accumulation of 99Tc by Elodea showed that 99Tc activity concentration can reach 120±6 Bq/g dry wt, with concentration factor for 99Tc 2700±500 l/kg dry wt. In experiments on 99Tc release, over 504 hours about 82% of the total 99Tc activit released into the water from the plant; most of 99Tc was released within the first 192 hours. The data obtained using sequential chemica fractionation of biomass confirmed the experimental data on 99Tc release, which suggested that most of the biomass-bound 99Tc was adsorbed the surface of Elodea. 99Tc tightly bound to biomass (fractions of organics and mineral residue) constituted just 17% of the total 99Tc activity.
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Accumulation and release of 241Am by a macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis)
Journal of environmental radioactivity, 2005Co-Authors: A. Bolsunovsky, T. A. Zotina, L. G. BondarevaAbstract:Abstract The source of radioactive contamination of the Yenisei River floodplain, including contamination with transuranic elements, is the Mining-and-Chemical Combine of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy, which has for many years been producing weapons-grade plutonium. Transuranic elements have been detected not only in the soil and sediment of the river but also in the biomass of aquatic plants. This work is an investigation of accumulation and release of 241 Am by a submerged macrophyte of the Yenisei River ( Elodea canadensis ) in laboratory experiments. In 2000–2003, laboratory experiments were carried out with biomass of E. canadensis Mich. and filtered river water. The samples were collected from the Yenisei River upstream of the discharge of the Combine's radioactive effluent. The experiments showed that 241 Am is accumulated by Elodea biomass: the activity concentration of 241 Am can reach 3280 ± 240 Bq/g, with the concentration factor for 241 Am 16 600 ± 2200 l/kg. Results of chemical fractionation have proved that in the course of 241 Am accumulation by Elodea biomass, 241 Am tightly bound to biomass increases from 11% to 27% of the total 241 Am in the biomass. Release of 241 Am from the decaying Elodea biomass has been evaluated experimentally. By the end of the experiment (lasting up to 127 days), the Elodea plants had lost up to 65% of their initial 241 Am activity and the rate of 241 Am release into the water environment reached 23 Bq/day.
Walter Stinner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mixed silage of Elodea and wheat straw as a substrate for energy production in anaerobic digestion plants
Energy Sustainability and Society, 2018Co-Authors: Daniela Gallegos, Andreas Zehnsdorf, Harald Wedwitschka, Lucie Moeller, Sören Weinrich, Michael Nelles, Walter StinnerAbstract:Waterweeds (Elodea nuttallii and Elodea canadensis) are invasive neophytes, which have been proliferating at a phenomenal rate during the last decades in German waterways. In case of overgrowth, the strong covering of vegetation can cause problems in hydroelectric power plants and leads to limitations in ship and boat traffic as well as in use for bathing and fishing activities. After vegetation period, dead plants can accumulate and then negatively influence flood protection and water engineering works. For this reason, the aquatic biomass has been periodically removed and disposed without further use. In order to enable the energetic use of this water-containing substrate, the aim of the present study was the optimization of storage methods for an aquatic plant-based feedstock for biogas production. In climatic cold regions, substrate conservation is necessary in order to guarantee a year-round substrate availability. With waterweed (Elodea) taken as an example, the ensiling of aquatic plants was studied. The main focus was to develop practical methods for biomass conservation while producing high biogas yields. Elodea was harvested in the river Parthe in Leipzig-Schonefeld in October 2015. Silage mixtures of Elodea and wheat straw were tested after 180 days of storage for pH, volatile fermentation products, and methane potentials. The effect of different silage moisture contents and straw particle sizes on the substrate quality was studied. Results show that waterweeds can be stored by ensiling and can achieve considerable biogas yields. However, with a water content of about 95%, the storability of the material is challenging. Mixed silage of waterweeds and wheat straw were suitable for storage in clamp silos. The pH values were between 4.9 and 6.5, and the volatile fatty acid content as lactic acid ranged from 0.0 to 1.9% total solid. The mixed silages achieved methane potentials between 166 and 228 mL g− 1 volatile solid (VS), which is equivalent to 52 and 72% of maize silage. Considering a methane potential of 228 mL g− 1 VS and costs for material pretreatment, the most promising silage variant was mixed silage from waterweeds and ground straw with 30% total solid content. Long storability of waterweeds could be possible by ensiling fermentation. Mixed silages from Elodea and wheat straw show suitable substrate characteristics for biogas production and can achieve high biogas yields.
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Anaerobic digestion of mixed silage of waterweed biomass and wheat straw in a long-term semi-continuous biogas production process
Energy Sustainability and Society, 2018Co-Authors: Aline Bauer, Lucie Moeller, Harald Wedwitschka, Walter Stinner, Andreas ZehnsdorfAbstract:Background As part of the maintenance of lakes and rivers, large quantities of aquatic biomass are produced every year. Neophytes, such as Elodea nuttallii , compete with native species and cause a disturbance to the ecosystem, which can manifest itself in the form of eutrophication. Aquatic macrophytes are not in competition with the production of food and animal feed and thus can be used in anaerobic digestion plants to replace a fraction of commonly used renewables such as maize or grass silage. Mixed silage of Elodea biomass with wheat straw was recently developed to allow for the conservation of mowed aquatic biomass. In this paper, the digestibility of this silage was tested in a long-term semi-continuous fermentation experiment with a duration of 212 days. Methods A continous-stirred tank reactor with a working volume of 31 L was used for the semi-continuous fermentation experiment. The substrate Elodea -straw silage was supplied to the fermenter once a day. The samples of digestates were analyzed directly after sampling twice a week for total solids, volatile solids, VFA/TAC, NH_4-N, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and water-solutle elements. The biogas composition was determined by means of gas chromatograph once a week. Results The results show that mono-fermentation of Elodea straw silage was stable for a period of at least 6 months. A stable anaerobic digestion process was achieved at an organic loading rate (OLR) of up to 2 g_VS/(L*d), when the highest specific biogas yield of 642 mL_N/(g_VS*d) was reached. The process turned unstable when the OLR was increased to 3 g_VS/(L*d) due to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. A nitrogen source, urea, was added in order to support the anaerobic digestion process. No addition of any further supplements was needed. Throughout the whole experiment, the specific biogas yield reached 647 ± 71 mL_N/(g_VS*d) with a mean methane content of 51%. Conclusions The results of this semi-continuous fermentation experiment confirm the possibility of using Elodea straw silage as a mono-substrate in the anaerobic digestion process for the production of biogas being the aim of this Short Communication.
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the study of the variability of biomass from plants of the Elodea genus from a river in germany over a period of two hydrological years for investigating their suitability for biogas production
Energy Sustainability and Society, 2017Co-Authors: Andreas Zehnsdorf, Lucie Moeller, Hansjoachim Stark, Harald Auge, Markus Rohl, Walter StinnerAbstract:Aquatic plants are an important component of aquatic ecosystems. They are valuable for the oxygen and carbon dioxide household and generate habitats especially for small fish and other small organisms. However, problems for the maintenance of water bodies can result from mass occurrences of these plants. Invasive neophytes - such as members of the Elodea genus - are particularly problematic in this regard. Aquatic plants need to be harvested regularly to ensure that water bodies remain usable and to safeguard flood protection for flowing water bodies. Energy can be produced from the harvested material by anaerobic digestion in biogas plants. Therefore, it is beneficial to know the best time for harvesting in this context. To identify the best time for harvesting, samples of the Elodea stock in the river Parthe in Leipzig-Schonefeld were taken each week over the course of the two hydrological years 2015 and 2016. The composition of these samples was analyzed in the laboratory. In the second hydrological year, three samples from surface areas of 1 m2 were also harvested once each month in order to determine the biomass yield per unit area. The best harvesting time for energy production from Elodea biomass in Germany is in the summer months (June to September). During this period, the specific yield of 0.5–0.7 kg VS/m2 is relatively high and the Elodea biomass contains the highest fractions of volatile solids (80.1 ± 2.3%), high contents of plant nutrients (N 35.9 ± 4.0 g/kg TS; P 6.1 ± 1.4 g/kg TS; and K 47.7 ± 8.0 g/kg TS), and low concentrations of heavy metals (Cr ≤8.9 mg/kg TS, Cd ≤0.9 mg/kg TS, Cu ≤120 mg/kg TS, Ni ≤30 mg/kg TS, Pb ≤8.6 mg/kg TS, and Zn ≤439 mg/kg TS). Energy production from Elodea biomass is feasible. This biomass also provides the nutrients and trace elements necessary for the digestion in the anaerobic process.
T. A. Zotina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New data on the effect of ionizing radiation on the growth of the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis in the laboratory
Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Biological sciences sections, 2017Co-Authors: Alexander Ya. Bolsunovsky, D. V. Dementyev, E. A. Trofimova, T. A. ZotinaAbstract:Toxicological experiments with radioactive bottom sediments and extrinsic γ-irradiation have demonstrated that the growth of common Elodea roots is suppressed by irradiation at doses several times lower than the established threshold dose. The effect of γ-irradiation on the growth of Elodea stems has not been observed at any dose used. The data obtained show that Elodea could be recommended for use as an indicator of biological effects of radiation in the range of low radiation doses.
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use of the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis to assess toxicity and genotoxicity of yenisei river sediments
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: T. A. Zotina, E. A. Trofimova, D. V. Dementyev, Marina Yu Medvedeva, Alexander Ya. BolsunovskyAbstract:The toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of bulk sediments from the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia) were estimated in laboratory bioassays based on several endpoints in the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis. The bottom sediment samples were collected in the Yenisei River upstream and downstream of the sources of chemical and radioactive contamination. The testing revealed different sensitivities of Elodea endpoints to the quality of the bottom sediment: weight of shoots < length of shoots < mitotic index < length of roots < percentage of abnormal cells. The response of the genotoxicity endpoint (percentage of cells with chromosome abnormalities in roots of Elodea) was the highest in sediments with chemical pollution, whereas the highest inhibition of toxicity endpoints (shoot and root length) occurred in sediments with the highest level of radioactive pollution. The extreme response of Elodea endpoints to the quality of certain sediment samples may be regarded as related to the possible presence of unknown toxicants. The results show that E. canadensis can be used as an indicator species in laboratory contact testing of bottom sediment. The responses of shoot and root length growth endpoints of Elodea can be recommended as basic sensitivity indicators of bottom sediment toxicity. Analysis of cells carrying abnormal chromosomes in the apical root meristem of Elodea can be performed optionally in the same test to assess the genotoxicity of sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2310–2321. © 2015 SETAC
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Use of the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis to assess toxicity and genotoxicity of Yenisei River sediments
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: T. A. Zotina, E. A. Trofimova, D. V. Dementyev, Marina Yu Medvedeva, A. BolsunovskyAbstract:The toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of bulk sediments from the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia) were estimated in laboratory bioassays based on several endpoints in the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis. The bottom sediment samples were collected in the Yenisei River upstream and downstream of the sources of chemical and radioactive contamination. The testing revealed different sensitivities of Elodea endpoints to the quality of the bottom sediment: weight of shoots
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Cytogenetic abnormalities in aquatic plant Elodea canadensis in anthropogenic contamination zone of Yenisei River
Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: M. Yu. Medvedeva, A. Ya. Bolsunovsky, T. A. ZotinaAbstract:Chromosome abnormalities in ana-telophase cells of apical root meristem of aquatic plant Elodea. canadensis (Elodea), sampled in 2011–2012 in the Yenisei River at a site with background level of contamination and at several sites on the stretch contaminated with artificial radionuclides, and with chemical pollutants from municipal and industrial discharges of the Krasnoyarsk city. Lowest rate (5.2%) of cells with chromosome abnormalities was registered at sampling site with background level of contamination upstream of the Krasnoyarsk, highest rate of cells with abnormalities (39.7%)—in roots of Elodea sampled in bottom sediments with highest concentration of 137Cs. Sum of rates of cells with abnormalities and rates of cells with all types of abnormalities positively correlated with total concentration of artificial and natural radionuclides, with concentration of artificial radionuclides and 137Cs in bottom sediments of the Yenisei River (r2 = 0.91–0.96, p < 0.0005 for sum of rates of cells with abnormalities; r2 = 0.58–0.92, p < 0.05 for all types of abnormalities).
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Accumulation and release of 241Am by a macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis)
Journal of environmental radioactivity, 2005Co-Authors: A. Bolsunovsky, T. A. Zotina, L. G. BondarevaAbstract:Abstract The source of radioactive contamination of the Yenisei River floodplain, including contamination with transuranic elements, is the Mining-and-Chemical Combine of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy, which has for many years been producing weapons-grade plutonium. Transuranic elements have been detected not only in the soil and sediment of the river but also in the biomass of aquatic plants. This work is an investigation of accumulation and release of 241 Am by a submerged macrophyte of the Yenisei River ( Elodea canadensis ) in laboratory experiments. In 2000–2003, laboratory experiments were carried out with biomass of E. canadensis Mich. and filtered river water. The samples were collected from the Yenisei River upstream of the discharge of the Combine's radioactive effluent. The experiments showed that 241 Am is accumulated by Elodea biomass: the activity concentration of 241 Am can reach 3280 ± 240 Bq/g, with the concentration factor for 241 Am 16 600 ± 2200 l/kg. Results of chemical fractionation have proved that in the course of 241 Am accumulation by Elodea biomass, 241 Am tightly bound to biomass increases from 11% to 27% of the total 241 Am in the biomass. Release of 241 Am from the decaying Elodea biomass has been evaluated experimentally. By the end of the experiment (lasting up to 127 days), the Elodea plants had lost up to 65% of their initial 241 Am activity and the rate of 241 Am release into the water environment reached 23 Bq/day.