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Kuang-ren Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Elsinoë fawcettii and Elsinoë australis: the fungal pathogens causing citrus scab
    Molecular Plant Pathology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Kuang-ren Chung
    Abstract:

    Elsinoe fawcettii and E. australis are important pathogens of citrus. Both species are known to produce red or orange pigments, called elsinochrome. Elsinochrome is a nonhost-selective phytotoxin and is required for full fungal virulence and lesion formation. This article discusses the taxonomy, epidemiology, genetics and pathology of the pathogens. It also provides a perspective on the cellular toxicity, biosynthetic regulation and pathological role of elsinochrome phytotoxin. Taxonomy: Elsinoe fawcettii (anamorph: Sphaceloma fawcettii) and E. australis (anamorph: S. australis) are classified in the Phylum Ascomycota, Class Dothideomycetes, Order Myriangiales and Family Elsinoaceae. Host range: Elsinoe fawcettii causes citrus scab (formerly sour orange scab and common scab) on various species and hybrids in the Rutaceae family worldwide, whereas E. australis causes sweet orange scab, primarily on sweet orange and some mandarins, and has a limited geographical distribution. Disease symptoms: Citrus tissues infested with Elsinoe often display erumpent scab pustules with a warty appearance. Toxin production: Elsinochrome and many perylenequinone-containing phytotoxins of fungal origin are grouped as photosensitizing compounds that are able to absorb light energy, react with oxygen molecules and produce reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and singlet oxygen. Elsinochrome has been documented to cause peroxidation of cell membranes and to induce rapid electrolyte leakage from citrus tissues. Elsinochrome biosynthesis and conidiation are coordinately regulated in E. fawcettii, and the environmental and physiological inducers commonly involved in both processes have begun to be elucidated.

  • Accumulation of Elsinochrome Phytotoxin does not Correlate with Fungal Virulence among Elsinoë fawcettii Isolates in Florida
    Journal of Phytopathology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Li-yuan Wang, Huey-jiunn Bau, Kuang-ren Chung
    Abstract:

    Citrus scab caused by Elsinoe fawcettii is cosmopolitan in humid citrus-growing areas. We have previously demonstrated that production of non-host selective elsinochrome phytotoxin is a prerequisite for fungal full virulence and lesion formation. In this study we evaluated 71 field-collected isolates from Florida for pathogenicity and toxin production and found most of the isolates to be pathogenic to rough lemon, grapefruit and sour orange and able to produce elsinochromes in axenic culture. Elsinochromes were recovered, for the first time, from leaf lesions infected by 21 isolates, including four isolates that did not produce any measurable toxin in culture. There was no direct correspondence between the level of elsinochrome production in culture and virulence among the isolates. However, Elsinoe isolates failed to produce elsinochromes in culture and in planta were non-pathogenic to citrus hosts tested. Several isolates were non-pathogenic or only moderately virulent to the citrus hosts tested even though they could produce elsinochromes in culture, a phenotype not previously described in Florida.

  • Determination of a transcriptional regulator-like gene involved in biosynthesis of elsinochrome phytotoxin by the citrus scab fungus, Elsinoë fawcettii
    Microbiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Kuang-ren Chung, Hui-ling Liao
    Abstract:

    Elsinochromes are nonhost-selective, light-activated, polyketide-derived toxins produced by many phytopathogenic Elsinoe species. We recently showed that the polyketide synthase-encoding gene EfPKS1 is essential for elsinochrome biosynthesis in the citrus scab fungus Elsinoe fawcettii. Sequence analysis beyond the EfPKS1 gene identified nine putative ORFs: four genes, designated RDT1, TSF1, PRF1 and ECT1, all encode polypeptides likely to have biosynthetic or efflux functions; five additional genes, OXR1 and EfHP1 to EfHP4, encode hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Northern-blot analysis revealed that expression of these genes in E. fawcettii was not completely correlated with accumulation of elsinochromes under nitrogen limitation, alkaline pH or high concentrations of glucose. Targeted disruption of the TSF1 gene, encoding a putative transcriptional activator, yielded fungal mutants unable to produce elsinochromes, and defective in both conidiation and expression of RDT1, EfPKS1, PRF1 and EfHP1, whereas expression of RDT1, TSF1, PRF1 and ECT1 was nearly abolished in EfPKS1-disrupted mutants. By contrast, expression of OXR1, EfHP2 and EfHP3 was not affected by disrupting either EfPKS1 or TSF1. Taken together, the results indicate that in addition to polyketide synthase, the products of TSF1 and other adjacent genes may also play a crucial role in elsinochrome production.

  • Genetic dissection defines the roles of elsinochrome Phytotoxin for fungal pathogenesis and conidiation of the citrus pathogen Elsinoë fawcettii.
    Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hui-ling Liao, Kuang-ren Chung
    Abstract:

    Elsinochrome pigments produced by many phytopathogenic Elsinoe spp. are nonhost-selective toxins which react with oxygen molecules after light activation to produce highly toxic reactive oxygen species. The structures and chemical properties of four derivatives are well known. However, the biological roles of elsinochromes in fungal pathogenesis are poorly understood. Many isolates of Elsinoe fawcettii causing citrus scab are able to produce elsinochromes under axenic conditions. In this article, we report the cloning, expression, and functional characterization of the polyketide synthase-encoding gene, EfPKS1, which we show is required for the production of elsinochromes and fungal pathogenesis. Targeted disruption of EfPKS1 in E.fawcettii completely abrogated elsinochrome production, drastically reduced conidiation, and significantly decreased lesion formation on rough lemon leaves. All mutant phenotypes were restored to the wild type in fungal strains expressing a functional copy of EfPKS1. Accumulatio...

  • Correspondence
    2008
    Co-Authors: Kuang-ren Chung, Hui-ling Liao, Elsinoe ̈ Fawcettii Bitancourt
    Abstract:

    Determination of a transcriptional regulator-like gene involved in biosynthesis of elsinochrome phytotoxin by the citrus scab fungus, Elsinoë fawcetti

Xiping Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • genome sequence resource for Elsinoe ampelina the causal organism of grapevine anthracnose
    Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 2020
    Co-Authors: Zhi Li, Ping Ping Chang, Xiping Wang
    Abstract:

    : Elsinoe ampelina is an ascomycetous fungus that causes grape anthracnose, a potentially devastating disease worldwide. Here, we report a 28.29 Mb high-quality genome sequence of E. ampelina YL-1 that encodes 8,057 predicted protein-coding genes and represents the first sequenced genome assembly of E. ampelina. This study adds to the current genomic resources for the genus Elsinoe and paves the way for research on comparative genomic studies, E. ampelina-grape interactions, and improvement of management strategies.

Hui-ling Liao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Determination of a transcriptional regulator-like gene involved in biosynthesis of elsinochrome phytotoxin by the citrus scab fungus, Elsinoë fawcettii
    Microbiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Kuang-ren Chung, Hui-ling Liao
    Abstract:

    Elsinochromes are nonhost-selective, light-activated, polyketide-derived toxins produced by many phytopathogenic Elsinoe species. We recently showed that the polyketide synthase-encoding gene EfPKS1 is essential for elsinochrome biosynthesis in the citrus scab fungus Elsinoe fawcettii. Sequence analysis beyond the EfPKS1 gene identified nine putative ORFs: four genes, designated RDT1, TSF1, PRF1 and ECT1, all encode polypeptides likely to have biosynthetic or efflux functions; five additional genes, OXR1 and EfHP1 to EfHP4, encode hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Northern-blot analysis revealed that expression of these genes in E. fawcettii was not completely correlated with accumulation of elsinochromes under nitrogen limitation, alkaline pH or high concentrations of glucose. Targeted disruption of the TSF1 gene, encoding a putative transcriptional activator, yielded fungal mutants unable to produce elsinochromes, and defective in both conidiation and expression of RDT1, EfPKS1, PRF1 and EfHP1, whereas expression of RDT1, TSF1, PRF1 and ECT1 was nearly abolished in EfPKS1-disrupted mutants. By contrast, expression of OXR1, EfHP2 and EfHP3 was not affected by disrupting either EfPKS1 or TSF1. Taken together, the results indicate that in addition to polyketide synthase, the products of TSF1 and other adjacent genes may also play a crucial role in elsinochrome production.

  • Genetic dissection defines the roles of elsinochrome Phytotoxin for fungal pathogenesis and conidiation of the citrus pathogen Elsinoë fawcettii.
    Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hui-ling Liao, Kuang-ren Chung
    Abstract:

    Elsinochrome pigments produced by many phytopathogenic Elsinoe spp. are nonhost-selective toxins which react with oxygen molecules after light activation to produce highly toxic reactive oxygen species. The structures and chemical properties of four derivatives are well known. However, the biological roles of elsinochromes in fungal pathogenesis are poorly understood. Many isolates of Elsinoe fawcettii causing citrus scab are able to produce elsinochromes under axenic conditions. In this article, we report the cloning, expression, and functional characterization of the polyketide synthase-encoding gene, EfPKS1, which we show is required for the production of elsinochromes and fungal pathogenesis. Targeted disruption of EfPKS1 in E.fawcettii completely abrogated elsinochrome production, drastically reduced conidiation, and significantly decreased lesion formation on rough lemon leaves. All mutant phenotypes were restored to the wild type in fungal strains expressing a functional copy of EfPKS1. Accumulatio...

  • Correspondence
    2008
    Co-Authors: Kuang-ren Chung, Hui-ling Liao, Elsinoe ̈ Fawcettii Bitancourt
    Abstract:

    Determination of a transcriptional regulator-like gene involved in biosynthesis of elsinochrome phytotoxin by the citrus scab fungus, Elsinoë fawcetti

  • Determination of a transcriptional regulator-like gene involved in biosynthesis of elsinochrome phytotoxin by the citrus scab fungus, Elsinoë fawcettii.
    Microbiology (Reading England), 2008
    Co-Authors: Kuang-ren Chung, Hui-ling Liao
    Abstract:

    Elsinochromes are nonhost-selective, light-activated, polyketide-derived toxins produced by many phytopathogenic Elsinoë species. We recently showed that the polyketide synthase-encoding gene EfPKS1 is essential for elsinochrome biosynthesis in the citrus scab fungus Elsinoë fawcettii. Sequence analysis beyond the EfPKS1 gene identified nine putative ORFs: four genes, designated RDT1, TSF1, PRF1 and ECT1, all encode polypeptides likely to have biosynthetic or efflux functions; five additional genes, OXR1 and EfHP1 to EfHP4, encode hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Northern-blot analysis revealed that expression of these genes in E. fawcettii was not completely correlated with accumulation of elsinochromes under nitrogen limitation, alkaline pH or high concentrations of glucose. Targeted disruption of the TSF1 gene, encoding a putative transcriptional activator, yielded fungal mutants unable to produce elsinochromes, and defective in both conidiation and expression of RDT1, EfPKS1, PRF1 and EfHP1, whereas expression of RDT1, TSF1, PRF1 and ECT1 was nearly abolished in EfPKS1-disrupted mutants. By contrast, expression of OXR1, EfHP2 and EfHP3 was not affected by disrupting either EfPKS1 or TSF1. Taken together, the results indicate that in addition to polyketide synthase, the products of TSF1 and other adjacent genes may also play a crucial role in elsinochrome production.

  • Cellular toxicity of elsinochrome phytotoxins produced by the pathogenic fungus, Elsinoë fawcettii causing citrus scab
    New Phytologist, 2007
    Co-Authors: Hui-ling Liao, Kuang-ren Chung
    Abstract:

    Summary • Elsinochromes are the red/orange pigments produced by many Elsinoe fungal species and are structurally similar to the phytotoxin, cercosporin. Here, pigments were extracted from cultures of a citrus pathogen, Elsinoe fawcettii and tested for cellular toxicity. • On irradiation with light, elsinochromes rapidly killed suspension cultured citrus and tobacco cells. The toxicity was decreased by adding the singlet oxygen (1O2) quenchers (bixin (carotenoid carboxylic acid), DABCO (1, 4-diazabicyco octane), ascorbate or reduced glutathione). Application of elsinochromes onto rough lemon leaves resulted in necrotic lesions, whereas lesion development was inhibited by the addition of bixin, DABCO or ascorbate, but not a-tocopherol. Incubation of rough lemon leaf discs with elsinochromes in the light induced a steady increase of electrolyte leakage. • Compared with two photosensitizing compounds, hematoporphyrin and cercosporin, the accumulation of 1O2 induced by elsinochromes after irradiation was indicated by successful detection of the cholesterol oxidation product, 5a-hydroperoxide. Addition of a potent quencher, b-carotene prevented 5a-hydroperoxide production. Elsinochromes generated superoxide ions (), whereas accumulation of was blocked by addition of the superoxide dismutase, a scavenger of , but not the 1O2-quencher, DABCO.  Our study indicated that elsinochromes are functioning as photosensitizing compounds that produce 1O2 and , and exert toxicity to plant cells.

Crous P. W. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fungal Planet description sheets: 716-784
    2018
    Co-Authors: Crous P. W., Wingfield M. J., Burgess T., Guarro J., Garcia D., Gene J., Hardy Gesj, Baseia I. G., Gusmao L. F. P., Souza-motta C. M.
    Abstract:

    Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetopsina eucalypti on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Colletotrichum cobbittiense from Cordyline stricta x C. australis hybrid, Cyanodermella banksiae on Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha, Discosia macrozamiae on Macrozamia miquelii, Elsinoe banksiigena on Banksia marginata, Elsinoe elaeocarpi on Elaeocarpus sp., Elsinoe leucopogonis on Leucopogon sp., Helminthosporium livistonae on Livistona australis, Idriellomyces eucalypti (incl. Idriellomyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua, Lareunionomyces eucalypti on Eucalyptus sp., Myrotheciomyces corymbiae (incl. Myrotheciomyces gen. nov., Myrotheciomycetaceae fam. nov.), Neolauriomyces eucalypti (incl. Neolauriomyces gen. nov., Neolauriomycetaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Nullicamyces eucalypti (incl. Nullicamyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Oidiodendron eucalypti on Eucalyptus maidenii, Paracladophialophora cyperacearum (incl. Paracladophialophoraceae fam. nov.) and Periconia cyperacearum on leaves of Cyperaceae, Porodiplodia livistonae (incl. Porodiplodia gen. nov., Porodiplodiaceae fam. nov.) on Livistona australis, Sporidesmium melaleucae (incl. Sporidesmiales ord. nov.) on Melaleuca sp., Teratosphaeria sieberi on Eucalyptus sieberi, Thecaphora australiensis in capsules of a variant of Oxalis exilis. Brazil, Aspergillus serratalhadensis from soil, Diaporthe pseudo-inconspicua from Poincianella pyramidalis, Fomitiporella pertenuis on dead wood, Geastrum magnosporum on soil, Marquesius aquaticus (incl. Marquesius gen. nov.) from submerged decaying twig and leaves of unidentified plant, Mastigosporella pigmentata from leaves of Qualea parviflorae, Mucor souzae from soil, Mycocalia aquaphila on decaying wood from tidal detritus, Preussia citrullina as endophyte from leaves of Citrullus lanatus, Queiroziella brasiliensis (incl. Queiroziella gen. nov.) as epiphytic yeast on leaves of Portea leptantha, Quixadomyces cearensis (incl. Quixadomyces gen. nov.) on decaying bark, Xylophallus clavatus on rotten wood. Canada, Didymella cari on Carum carvi and Coriandrum sativum. Chile, Araucasphaeria foliorum (incl. Araucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Araucaria araucana, Aspergillus tumidus from soil, Lomentospora valparaisensis from soil. Colombia, Corynespora pseudocassiicola on Byrsonima sp., Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus pellita, Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti (incl. Neometulocladosporiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla, Tracylla eucalypti (incl. Tracyllaceae fam. nov., Tracyllalales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla. Cyprus, Gyromitra anthracobia (incl. Gyromitra subg. Pseudoverpa) on burned soil. Czech Republic, Lecanicillium restrictum from the surface of the wooden barrel, Lecanicillium testudineum from scales of Trachemys scripta elegans. Ecuador, Entoloma yanacolor and Saproamanita quitensis on soil. France, Lentithecium carbonneanum from submerged decorticated Populus branch. Hungary, Pleuromyces hungaricus (incl. Pleuromyces gen. nov.) from a large Fagus sylvatica log. Iran, Zymoseptoria crescenta on Aegilops triuncialis. Malaysia, Ochroconis musicola on Musa sp. Mexico, Cladosporium michoacanense from soil. New Zealand, Acrodontium metrosideri on Metrosideros excelsa, Polynema podocarpi on Podocarpus totara, Pseudoarthrographis phlogis (incl. Pseudoarthrographis gen. nov.) on Phlox subulata. Nigeria, Coprinopsis afrocinerea on soil. Pakistan, Russula mansehraensis on soil under Pinus roxburghii. Russia, Baorangia alexandri on soil in deciduous forests with Quercus mongolica. South Africa, Didymocyrtis brachylaenae on Brachylaena discolor. Spain, Alfaria dactylis from fruit of Phoenix dactylifera, Dothiora infuscans from a blackened wall, Exophiala nidicola from the nest of an unidentified bird, Matsushimaea monilioides from soil, Terfezia morenoi on soil. United Arab Emirates, Tirmania honrubiae on soil. USA, Arxotrichum wyomingense (incl. Arxotrichum gen. nov.) from soil, Hongkongmyces snookiorum from submerged detritus from a fresh water fen, Leratiomyces tesquorum from soil, Talaromyces tabacinus on leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Vietnam, Afroboletus vietnamensis on soil in an evergreen tropical forest, Colletotrichum condaoense from Ipomoea pes-caprae. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided

  • Fungal Planet description sheets: 469-557
    National Herbarium of the Netherlands, 2018
    Co-Authors: Crous P. W., Wingfield M. J., Burgess T., Hardy G. E. St. J., Crane C., Barrett S., Cano-lira J. F., Le Roux J. J., Thangavel R., Guarro J.
    Abstract:

    Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia: Apiognomonia lasiopetali on Lasiopetalum sp., Blastacervulus eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus adesmophloia, Bul- lanockia australis (incl. Bullanockia gen. nov.) on Kingia australis, Caliciopsis eucalypti on Eucalyptus marginata, Celerioriella petrophiles on Petrophile teretifolia, Coleophoma xanthosiae on Xanthosia rotundifolia, Coniothyrium hakeae on Hakea sp., Diatrypella banksiae on Banksia formosa, Disculoides corymbiae on Corymbia calophylla, Elsinoe¿ eelemani on Melaleuca alternifolia, Elsinoe¿ eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus kingsmillii, Elsinoe¿ preissianae on Eucalyptus preissiana, Eucasphaeria rustici on Eucalyptus creta, Hyweljonesia queenslandica (incl. Hyweljonesia gen. nov.) on the cocoon of an unidentified microlepidoptera, Mycodiella eucalypti (incl. Mycodiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus diversicolor, Myrtapenidiella sporadicae on Eucalyptus sporadica, Neocrinula xanthorrhoeae (incl. Neocrinula gen. nov.) on Xanthorrhoea sp., Ophiocordyceps nooreniae on dead ant, Phaeosphaeriopsis agava- cearum on Agave sp., Phlogicylindrium mokarei on Eucalyptus sp., Phyllosticta acaciigena on Acacia suaveolens, Pleurophoma acaciae on Acacia glaucoptera, Pyrenochaeta hakeae on Hakea sp., Readeriella lehmannii on Eucalyptus lehmannii, Saccharata banksiae on Banksia grandis, Saccharata daviesiae on Daviesia pachyphylla, Saccharata eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus bigalerita, Saccharata hakeae on Hakea baxteri, Saccharata hakeicola on Hakea victoria, Saccharata lambertiae on Lambertia ericifolia, Saccharata petrophiles on Petrophile sp., Sac- charata petrophilicola on Petrophile fastigiata, Sphaerellopsis hakeae on Hakea sp., and Teichospora kingiae on Kingia australis. Brazil: Adautomilanezia caesalpiniae (incl. Adautomilanezia gen. nov.) on Caesalpina echinata, Arthrophiala arthrospora (incl. Arthrophiala gen. nov.) on Sagittaria montevidensis, Diaporthe caatingaensis (en- dophyte from Tacinga inamoena), Geastrum ishikawae on sandy soil, Geastrum pusillipilosum on soil, Gymnopus pygmaeus on dead leaves and sticks, Inonotus hymenonitens on decayed angiosperm trunk, Pyricularia urashimae on Urochloa brizantha, and Synnemellisia aurantia on Passiflora edulis. Chile: Tubulicrinis australis on Lophosoria quadripinnata. France: Cercophora squamulosa from submerged wood, and Scedosporium cereisporum from fluids of a wastewater treatment plant. Hawaii: Beltraniella acaciae, Dactylaria acaciae, Rhexodenticula acaciae, Rubikia evansii and Torula acaciae (all on Acacia koa). India: Lepidoderma echinosporum on dead semi-woody stems, and Rhodocybe rubrobrunnea from soil. Iran: Talaromyces kabodanensis from hypersaline soil. La Re¿union: Neocordana musarum from leaves of Musa sp. Malaysia: Anungitea eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus grandis × pellita, Camptomeriphila leucaenae (incl. Camptomeriphila gen. nov.) on Leucaena leucocephala, Castanediella communis on Eucalyptus pellita, Eucalyptostroma eucalypti (incl. Eucalyptostroma gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus pellita, Melanco- niella syzygii on Syzygium sp., Mycophilomyces periconiae (incl. Mycophilomyces gen. nov.) as hyperparasite on Periconia on leaves of Albizia falcataria, Synnemadiella eucalypti (incl. Synnemadiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus pellita, and Teichospora nephelii on Nephelium lappaceum....Peer Reviewe

  • Phylogeny and taxonomy of the scab and spot anthracnose fungus Elsinoe (Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes)
    'Elsevier BV', 2017
    Co-Authors: Fan X. L., Barreto R. W., Groenewald J. Z., Bezerra J. D. P., Pereira O. L., Cheewangkoon R., Mostert L., Tian C. M., Crous P. W.
    Abstract:

    CITATION: Fan, X. L., et al. 2017. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the scab and spot anthracnose fungus Elsinoe (Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in Mycology, 87:1-41, doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.02.001.The original publication is available at https://www.sciencedirect.comSpecies of Elsinoe are phytopathogens causing scab and spot anthracnose on many plants, including some economically important crops such as avocado, citrus, grapevines, and ornamentals such as poinsettias, field crops and woody hosts. Disease symptoms are often easily recognisable, and referred to as signaturebearing diseases, for the cork-like appearance of older infected tissues with scab-like appearance. In some Elsinoe-host associations the resulting symptoms are better described as spot anthracnose. Additionally the infected plants may also show mild to severe distortions of infected organs. Isolation of Elsinoe in pure culture can be very challenging and examination of specimens collected in the field is often frustrating because of the lack of fertile structures. Current criteria for species recognition and host specificity in Elsinoe are unclear due to overlapping morphological characteristics, and the lack of molecular and pathogenicity data. In the present study we revised the taxonomy of Elsinoe based on DNA sequence and morphological data derived from 119 isolates, representing 67 host genera from 17 countries, including 64 ex-type cultures. Combined analyses of ITS, LSU, rpb2 and TEF1-α DNA sequence data were used to reconstruct the backbone phylogeny of the genus Elsinoe. Based on the single nomenclature for fungi, 26 new combinations are proposed in Elsinoe for species that were originally described in Sphaceloma. A total of 13 species are epitypified with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny. A further eight new species are introduced, leading to a total of 75 Elsinoe species supported by molecular data in the present study. For the most part species of Elsinoe appear to be host specific, although the majority of the species treated are known only from a few isolates, and further collections and pathogenicity studies will be required to reconfirm this conclusion.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166061617300179Publisher's versio

Pedro W. Crous - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Phylogeny and taxonomy of the scab and spot anthracnose fungus Elsinoë (Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes)
    Studies in Mycology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Xin-lei Fan, Robert W. Barreto, Johannes Z. Groenewald, Jadson D. P. Bezerra, Olinto Liparini Pereira, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Lizel Mostert, Cheng-ming Tian, Pedro W. Crous
    Abstract:

    Species of Elsinoe are phytopathogens causing scab and spot anthracnose on many plants, including some economically important crops such as avocado, citrus, grapevines, and ornamentals such as poinsettias, field crops and woody hosts. Disease symptoms are often easily recognisable, and referred to as signature-bearing diseases, for the cork-like appearance of older infected tissues with scab-like appearance. In some Elsinoe-host associations the resulting symptoms are better described as spot anthracnose. Additionally the infected plants may also show mild to severe distortions of infected organs. Isolation of Elsinoe in pure culture can be very challenging and examination of specimens collected in the field is often frustrating because of the lack of fertile structures. Current criteria for species recognition and host specificity in Elsinoe are unclear due to overlapping morphological characteristics, and the lack of molecular and pathogenicity data. In the present study we revised the taxonomy of Elsinoe based on DNA sequence and morphological data derived from 119 isolates, representing 67 host genera from 17 countries, including 64 ex-type cultures. Combined analyses of ITS, LSU, rpb2 and TEF1-α DNA sequence data were used to reconstruct the backbone phylogeny of the genus Elsinoe. Based on the single nomenclature for fungi, 26 new combinations are proposed in Elsinoe for species that were originally described in Sphaceloma. A total of 13 species are epitypified with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny. A further eight new species are introduced, leading to a total of 75 Elsinoe species supported by molecular data in the present study. For the most part species of Elsinoe appear to be host specific, although the majority of the species treated are known only from a few isolates, and further collections and pathogenicity studies will be required to reconfirm this conclusion.

  • Differentiation of species of Elsinoe associated with scab disease of Proteaceae based on morphology, symptomatology, and ITS sequence phylogeny
    Mycologia, 2001
    Co-Authors: Lizeth Swart, Pedro W. Crous, Ji-chuan Kang, Godwin R.a. Mchau, I. G. Pascoe, Mary E. Palm
    Abstract:

    Scab disease of Proteaceae, which was ini- tially observed on Leucospermum in South Africa in 1981, has subsequently been reported on this host from Australia and Hawaii. The disease, commonly known as corky bark or scab, is associated with severe losses of commercial plantings of Leucospermum in South Africa, and has also been collected from spe- cies of Leucadendron, Protea and Serruria in South Africa, from Banksia, Leucadendron, Mimetes, Protea and Serruria in Australia, and from Leucospermum and Protea in California and Zimbabwe. The causal agent was determined to be a species of Elsinoe, which has not been formally described. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the taxonomy of the species of Elsinoe associated with scab disease of Proteaceae in these countries. Morphology, symptom- atology and DNA sequence analysis of the 5.8S rDNA gene and its flanking ITS1 and ITS2 regions were used. Anamorph and teleomorph characteristics of isolates from Leucospermum, Protea and Banksia sug- gest that there are at least four distinct species in- volved. These findings are strongly supported by the phylogenetic tree inferred from DNA sequence data. Furthermore, these results also show that the Elsinoe isolates from Leucadendron, Leucospermum and Ser- ruria in South Africa and Australia, and the isolates

  • Molecular characterization of some Elsinoe isolates from leguminous hosts
    Plant Pathology, 1998
    Co-Authors: G.r.a. Mchau, Pedro W. Crous, A.j.l. Phillips
    Abstract:

    Pathogenicity of Elsinoe isolates from Phaseolus coccineus, P. lunatus, P. vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata was studied and the relatedness of the isolates examined at the molecular level using eight random 10-mer primers to amplify total DNA (RAPDs). Isolates differed markedly in their pathogenicity to the various hosts and there was some evidence that those from P. coccineus and P. vulgaris were different pathotypes. The isolate from V. unguiculata was the only one that was virulent on this host and was nonvirulent on P. vulgaris. A RAPD-based dendrogram with a cophenetic correlation coefficient of 0.975 was generated using the NTSYS-pc computer program. A UPGMA cluster analysis based on the RAPD banding pattern of the eight primers ranked Elsinoe phaseoli isolates from Phaseolus spp. into two major subgroups. One subgroup was composed of isolates from P. lunatus and P. vulgaris, and the other from P. coccineus, suggesting some specialization within the species. The isolate from Vigna unguiculata clustered separately from the Phaseolus isolates, as did the Elsinoe outgroups from Citrus, Protea and Leucospermum. These results suggest that the isolate from Vigna unguiculata could be an undescribed species of Elsinoe.