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Ashish Shrestha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transport sector co2 Emissions Growth in asia underlying factors and policy options
Energy Policy, 2009Co-Authors: Govinda R. Timilsina, Ashish ShresthaAbstract:This study analyze the potential factors influencing the Growth of transport sector carbon dioxide (CO2) Emissions in selected Asian countries during the 1980-2005 period by decomposing annual Emissions Growth into components representing changes in fuel mix, modal shift, per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and population, as well as changes in emission coefficients and transportation energy intensity. We find that changes in per capita GDP, population Growth and transportation energy intensity are the main factors driving transport sector CO2 emission Growth in the countries considered. While Growth in per capita income and population are responsible for the increasing trend of transport sector CO2 Emissions in China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand; the decline of transportation energy intensity is driving CO2 Emissions down in Mongolia. Per capita GDP, population and transportation energy intensity effects are all found responsible for transport sector CO2 Emissions Growth in Bangladesh, the Philippines and Vietnam. The study also reviews existing government policies to limit CO2 Emissions Growth, such as fiscal instruments, fuel economy standards and policies to encourage switching to less emission intensive fuels and transportation modes.
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why have co2 Emissions increased in the transport sector in asia underlying factors and policy options
Research Papers in Economics, 2009Co-Authors: Govinda R. Timilsina, Ashish ShresthaAbstract:Rapidly increasing Emissions of carbon dioxide from the transport sector, particularly in urban areas, is a major challenge to sustainable development in developing countries. This study analyzes the factors responsible for transport sector CO2 Emissions Growth in selected developing Asian countries during 1980-2005. The analysis splits the annual Emissions Growth into components representing economic development; population Growth; shifts in transportation modes; and changes in fuel mix, emission coefficients, and transportation energy intensity. The study also reviews existing government policies to limit CO2 Emissions Growth, particularly various fiscal and regulatory policy instruments. The study finds that of the six factors considered, three - economic development, population Growth, and transportation energy intensity - are responsible for driving up transport sector CO2 Emissions in Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Vietnam. In contrast, only economic development and population Growth are responsible in the case of China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. CO2 Emissions exhibit a downward trend in Mongolia due to decreasing transportation energy intensity. The study also finds that some existing policy instruments help reduce transport sector CO2 Emissions, although they were not necessarily targeted for this purpose when introduced.
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the Growth of transport cector co2 Emissions and underlying factors in latin america and the caribbean
Social Science Research Network, 2008Co-Authors: Ashish Shrestha, Govinda R. TimilsinaAbstract:This study examines the factors responsible for the Growth of transport sector carbon dioxide Emissions in 20 Latin American and Caribbean countries during 1980-2005 by decomposing the Emissions Growth into components associated with changes in fuel mix, modal shift, and economic Growth, as well as changes in emission coefficients and transportation energy intensity. The key finding of the study is that economic Growth and the changes in transportation energy intensity are the main factors driving transport sector carbon dioxide Emissions Growth in the countries considered. The results imply that fiscal policy instruments - such as subsidies to clean fuels and clean vehicles - would be more effective in reducing Emissions in countries where the economic activity effect is the primary driver for transport sector carbon dioxide Emissions Growth. By contrast, regulatory policy instruments - such as vehicle efficiency standards and vehicle occupancy standards - would be more effective in countries where the transportation energy intensity effect is the main driver of carbon dioxide Emissions Growth. Both fiscal and regulatory policy instruments would be useful in countries where both economic activity and transportation energy intensity effects are responsible for driving transport sector carbon dioxide Emissions Growth.
Govinda R. Timilsina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transport sector co2 Emissions Growth in asia underlying factors and policy options
Energy Policy, 2009Co-Authors: Govinda R. Timilsina, Ashish ShresthaAbstract:This study analyze the potential factors influencing the Growth of transport sector carbon dioxide (CO2) Emissions in selected Asian countries during the 1980-2005 period by decomposing annual Emissions Growth into components representing changes in fuel mix, modal shift, per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and population, as well as changes in emission coefficients and transportation energy intensity. We find that changes in per capita GDP, population Growth and transportation energy intensity are the main factors driving transport sector CO2 emission Growth in the countries considered. While Growth in per capita income and population are responsible for the increasing trend of transport sector CO2 Emissions in China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand; the decline of transportation energy intensity is driving CO2 Emissions down in Mongolia. Per capita GDP, population and transportation energy intensity effects are all found responsible for transport sector CO2 Emissions Growth in Bangladesh, the Philippines and Vietnam. The study also reviews existing government policies to limit CO2 Emissions Growth, such as fiscal instruments, fuel economy standards and policies to encourage switching to less emission intensive fuels and transportation modes.
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why have co2 Emissions increased in the transport sector in asia underlying factors and policy options
Research Papers in Economics, 2009Co-Authors: Govinda R. Timilsina, Ashish ShresthaAbstract:Rapidly increasing Emissions of carbon dioxide from the transport sector, particularly in urban areas, is a major challenge to sustainable development in developing countries. This study analyzes the factors responsible for transport sector CO2 Emissions Growth in selected developing Asian countries during 1980-2005. The analysis splits the annual Emissions Growth into components representing economic development; population Growth; shifts in transportation modes; and changes in fuel mix, emission coefficients, and transportation energy intensity. The study also reviews existing government policies to limit CO2 Emissions Growth, particularly various fiscal and regulatory policy instruments. The study finds that of the six factors considered, three - economic development, population Growth, and transportation energy intensity - are responsible for driving up transport sector CO2 Emissions in Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Vietnam. In contrast, only economic development and population Growth are responsible in the case of China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. CO2 Emissions exhibit a downward trend in Mongolia due to decreasing transportation energy intensity. The study also finds that some existing policy instruments help reduce transport sector CO2 Emissions, although they were not necessarily targeted for this purpose when introduced.
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the Growth of transport cector co2 Emissions and underlying factors in latin america and the caribbean
Social Science Research Network, 2008Co-Authors: Ashish Shrestha, Govinda R. TimilsinaAbstract:This study examines the factors responsible for the Growth of transport sector carbon dioxide Emissions in 20 Latin American and Caribbean countries during 1980-2005 by decomposing the Emissions Growth into components associated with changes in fuel mix, modal shift, and economic Growth, as well as changes in emission coefficients and transportation energy intensity. The key finding of the study is that economic Growth and the changes in transportation energy intensity are the main factors driving transport sector carbon dioxide Emissions Growth in the countries considered. The results imply that fiscal policy instruments - such as subsidies to clean fuels and clean vehicles - would be more effective in reducing Emissions in countries where the economic activity effect is the primary driver for transport sector carbon dioxide Emissions Growth. By contrast, regulatory policy instruments - such as vehicle efficiency standards and vehicle occupancy standards - would be more effective in countries where the transportation energy intensity effect is the main driver of carbon dioxide Emissions Growth. Both fiscal and regulatory policy instruments would be useful in countries where both economic activity and transportation energy intensity effects are responsible for driving transport sector carbon dioxide Emissions Growth.
Miao Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the consequences of industrial restructuring regional balanced development and market oriented reform for china s carbon dioxide Emissions a multi tier meta frontier dea based decomposition analysis
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2021Co-Authors: Miao Wang, Chao FengAbstract:Abstract The Chinese government has taken measures to realize energy-savings and emission reductions, such as promoting innovations, adjusting the industrial structure, balancing regional development, and reforming markets. The aim of this paper is to assess the effects of these measures on China's CO2 Emissions by using a newly proposed decomposition approach, which identified eight new factors related to the above realistic measures, i.e., energy saving and production technologies, industrial energy and production efficiencies, regional energy and production efficiencies, and pure energy and production efficiencies. The main findings indicate benefits from considerable technological progress in energy-saving and production during 2000–2016 period, and two technological factors contributed the most to Emissions abatement and cumulatively reduced 5372.43 Mt and 1291.72 Mt CO2 Emissions. The efforts of industrial restructuring promoted energy and production efficiency improvement, which further facilitated emission reduction. In contrast, the pure energy and production efficiency changes cumulatively led to 1080.26 Mt and 1135.85 Mt CO2 Emissions Growth during the whole sample period, suggesting that severe resource misallocation problems may exist in both the energy market and output market. Additionally, the Chinese government failed to narrow the technology gap between developed regions and underdeveloped regions, further restricting emission reduction.
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dynamic analysis of carbon dioxide Emissions in china s petroleum refining and coking industry
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Boqiang Lin, Miao WangAbstract:Abstract As one of the energy-intensive industries, the CO2 Emissions of China's petroleum refining and coking industry (PRCI) put significant pressure on China's emission reduction target. Considering this, the main purpose of this paper is to clarify the determinants of emission Growth in China's PRCI and predict the Emissions change trend in future. Based on an extended Kaya identity, this paper dynamically analyzed the impacts of investment scale, investment efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure and carbon dioxide emission factor on CO2 Emissions from China's PRCI. Then, the possible CO2 Emissions of China's PRCI in 2030 were dynamically predicted based on the application of probabilistic scenario analysis. The main findings include: (1) during 2000–2016, China's PRCI suffered 130.82 million tons CO2 Emissions Growth, investment scale expansion was the principal contributor stimulating CO2 Emissions. Fortunately, the promoting effects exerted from this factor showed a downtrend along with the decreasing fixed-asset investment Growth rate since China's economy has entered a new normal. (2) During the entire study period, energy structure adjustment brought about a mild increase in CO2 Emissions rather than taking an active role in emission abatement. (3) Investment efficiency and energy intensity were two crucial inhibitors, followed by the carbon dioxide emission factor. However, the inhibiting effects resulting from these factors cannot completely counteract the promoting effects in most cases. (4). Scenario analysis indicates that the mitigation pathway of CO2 Emissions in China's PRCI include properly curbing the fixed-asset investment, increasing the green investment for technology and equipment, paying more attention to the R&D of energy saving technology in PRCI and its downstream industry, and facilitating the use of clean electricity.
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the driving forces and potential mitigation of energy related co2 Emissions in china s metal industry
Resources Policy, 2018Co-Authors: Chao Feng, Jianbai Huang, Miao WangAbstract:Abstract Utilizing the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, this paper decomposes the CO2 Emissions of China's metal industry into five factors, namely, industrial output, industrial structure, energy intensity, energy consumption structure, and carbon dioxide Emissions coefficient. Then, a scenario analysis is used to predict future CO2 Emissions and estimate the emission mitigation potential from 2016 to 2020. The results indicate that (1) from 2000 to 2015, China's metal industry witnessed substantial Growth in CO2 Emissions, showing an increase of 1015.56 million tons (Mt). (2) Of the five driving factors, the industrial output effect was mainly responsible for CO2 Emissions Growth, with a contribution ratio of 245.51% over the total CO2 emission change, with other driving factors held constant. In contrast, the energy intensity decline was decisive for reducing CO2 emission, followed by the industrial structure. (3) The energy consumption structure had the weakest effect on CO2 emission changes and presented an overall positive effect with some volatility. (4) The CO2 emission mitigation potential under the moderate and aggressive emission mitigation scenarios is predicted to be 219.30 and 1445.26 Mt in 2020, respectively. These research findings propose that the Chinese government should take full advantage of the mitigating factors (i.e., decreasing energy intensity and industrial restructuring), paying particular attention to the subsector of the smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, and strive for breakthroughs.
Jingjing Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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research on the peak of co2 Emissions in the developing world current progress and future prospect
Applied Energy, 2019Co-Authors: Jingjing Jiang, Junguo LiuAbstract:The developing world will largely determine the trajectory of future global CO2 Emissions. An accurate projection of CO2 Emissions from the developing world and a good understanding of possible timelines and pathways to reach their peaks are of great significance to combat global climate change. This issue has recently attracted increasing attention; however, it is far from solved. China and India are the two largest developing countries and have a decisive influence on CO2 Emissions Growth across the developing world. This article critically reviews the current literature regarding CO2 Emissions projections of the developing world, particularly of China and India, with an aim to summarize recent study progresses and enlighten future studies. It is generally agreed that China will peak its CO2 Emissions by 2030 and has an excellent chance of reaching an earlier peak during 2020–2030. By contrast, India is very likely to undergo sustained Emissions Growths for decades. The constraints of keeping global warming below 2 °C may enable India to peak CO2 Emissions by 2040; however, the associated costs will be too high to pay. Across the developing world, the timeline to peak CO2 emission remains difficult to determine; however, a rapid transition of major developing countries towards low-carbon sustainable development is essential for reaching such a peak. Four topics urgently require further study in the future: improvements in study methodology and data, key country groups and fields to peak CO2 Emissions, the peak morphology and post-peak CO2 Emissions in China, and a more in-depth understanding of the timeline and pathway to peak CO2 Emissions in India.
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quantification and driving force analysis of provincial level carbon Emissions in china
Applied Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Jingjing Jiang, Lixin Miao, Jie TangAbstract:Abstract Accurately understanding the real situation of China’s carbon Emissions at the provincial level is not only crucial for realizing carbon mitigation in China, but also of great importance for tackling climate change on a global scale. This paper uses detailed energy consumption data subdivided within each fuel type and sector-specific emission factors, to calculate both direct and indirect energy-related CO2 Emissions for China’s provinces, and offers provincially-targeted policy proposals on emission reductions. The results uncover large divergences in calculation of provincial CO2 Emissions between production-based and consumption-based accounting approaches. Considering the large amount of interprovincial CO2 emission transfers embodied in secondary energy deployment, the consumption-based accounting performs better in reflecting the actual features and responsibilities of carbon Emissions in the provinces of China. From the consumption perspective, Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia, Guangdong, Henan, Liaoning and Shanxi contributed to the majority of China’s carbon emission Growth during the period of 1996–2013, while Xinjiang, Sichuan, Anhui, Tianjin and Hunan were playing an increasingly important role. These two groups of provinces should be regarded as the key regions for national Emissions abatement. Meanwhile, the energy industry was the top sectoral contributor to CO2 Emissions Growth in most provinces, while service and household sectors made increasingly significant impacts on driving up provincial Emissions. Together with ongoing efforts in the energy sector, the mitigation of CO2 Emissions in service and household sectors deserves much more attention, especially in the transportation and urban household sectors. Furthermore, the temporal trends of carbon Emissions in various provinces, as well as their factor and sectoral driving forces, varied greatly with each other. Therefore, each of the provinces should formulate emission reduction policies according to their own situation, and target the key driving factors and sectors of carbon Emissions at the current stage or in the near future.
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the construction of shenzhen s carbon emission trading scheme
Energy Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Jingjing Jiang, Xiao MingAbstract:The Shenzhen ETS is the first urban-level “cap-and-trade” carbon Emissions trading scheme to operate in China. This paper gives an overview of the economic and Emissions situation in Shenzhen and focuses on the development of the Shenzhen ETS regulatory framework. It is devised as an ETS with an intensity-based cap, output-based allocation and a market for trading of allowances. The design of the Shenzhen ETS attaches great importance to coordinate the dynamic relationships between economic Growth, industrial transition and Emissions control. The cap and its allocation are determined by carbon intensity reduction targets and economic output, with an aim to slow down Emissions Growth while mitigating shocks from economic fluctuation and industrial adjustment to market stability. The Shenzhen ETS features extensive coverage consisting of three types of regulated entities and four categories of covered Emissions, in order to control carbon Emissions by both improving energy efficiency and restraining growing energy demand. A competitive game theory method is created for allocation of free allowances to manufacturing enterprises. Mechanisms for carbon offsets and market stabilization are developed to promote active and orderly trading in the carbon market. Moreover, several challenges and their policy choices are detailed for the development of the Shenzhen ETS.
Chao Feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the consequences of industrial restructuring regional balanced development and market oriented reform for china s carbon dioxide Emissions a multi tier meta frontier dea based decomposition analysis
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2021Co-Authors: Miao Wang, Chao FengAbstract:Abstract The Chinese government has taken measures to realize energy-savings and emission reductions, such as promoting innovations, adjusting the industrial structure, balancing regional development, and reforming markets. The aim of this paper is to assess the effects of these measures on China's CO2 Emissions by using a newly proposed decomposition approach, which identified eight new factors related to the above realistic measures, i.e., energy saving and production technologies, industrial energy and production efficiencies, regional energy and production efficiencies, and pure energy and production efficiencies. The main findings indicate benefits from considerable technological progress in energy-saving and production during 2000–2016 period, and two technological factors contributed the most to Emissions abatement and cumulatively reduced 5372.43 Mt and 1291.72 Mt CO2 Emissions. The efforts of industrial restructuring promoted energy and production efficiency improvement, which further facilitated emission reduction. In contrast, the pure energy and production efficiency changes cumulatively led to 1080.26 Mt and 1135.85 Mt CO2 Emissions Growth during the whole sample period, suggesting that severe resource misallocation problems may exist in both the energy market and output market. Additionally, the Chinese government failed to narrow the technology gap between developed regions and underdeveloped regions, further restricting emission reduction.
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decouple transport co2 Emissions from china s economic expansion a temporal spatial analysis
Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Ying Liu, Chao FengAbstract:Abstract China’s transport industry is energy intensive and high-polluting. While with the surging urbanization and the development of service industry, China’s economic relies more and more on the transport sector. Therefore, exploring the relationship between transport energy-related carbon emission (TECE) and economic development is crucial to the realization of China’s “Post Paris” mitigation target. The paper carries out a decoupling research between TECE and Gross domestic product (GDP) at both national level and province level based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition analysis with the extended Kaya identity and Tapio decoupling model. The model quantifies eight factors’ effects on the relationship with focusing on external macro socio-economic related factors (i.e., spatial pattern, urbanization, per capita service industry output value, reciprocal of the service industry’s share of GDP, and demographic variable) successfully. The key conclusions are indicated as follows: (1) the national decoupling status was extensive coupling during 2004–2010 and then weak decoupling during 2010–2016. The progress can be attributed to the decline of energy intensity. (2) Per capita service output was always the prominent factor to promote carbon Emissions Growth in different time periods and provinces with inhibiting the advancement of decoupling process, followed by urbanization. (3) Scenario analysis shows that with the continuous Growth of traffic demand and the promotion of urbanization, improving energy efficiency has become the key link to realize the decoupling between China’s TECE and its economy.
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the driving forces and potential mitigation of energy related co2 Emissions in china s metal industry
Resources Policy, 2018Co-Authors: Chao Feng, Jianbai Huang, Miao WangAbstract:Abstract Utilizing the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, this paper decomposes the CO2 Emissions of China's metal industry into five factors, namely, industrial output, industrial structure, energy intensity, energy consumption structure, and carbon dioxide Emissions coefficient. Then, a scenario analysis is used to predict future CO2 Emissions and estimate the emission mitigation potential from 2016 to 2020. The results indicate that (1) from 2000 to 2015, China's metal industry witnessed substantial Growth in CO2 Emissions, showing an increase of 1015.56 million tons (Mt). (2) Of the five driving factors, the industrial output effect was mainly responsible for CO2 Emissions Growth, with a contribution ratio of 245.51% over the total CO2 emission change, with other driving factors held constant. In contrast, the energy intensity decline was decisive for reducing CO2 emission, followed by the industrial structure. (3) The energy consumption structure had the weakest effect on CO2 emission changes and presented an overall positive effect with some volatility. (4) The CO2 emission mitigation potential under the moderate and aggressive emission mitigation scenarios is predicted to be 219.30 and 1445.26 Mt in 2020, respectively. These research findings propose that the Chinese government should take full advantage of the mitigating factors (i.e., decreasing energy intensity and industrial restructuring), paying particular attention to the subsector of the smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, and strive for breakthroughs.