The Experts below are selected from a list of 300 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Debi Roberson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Lydia Whitaker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

James A Russell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Label Superiority Effect in Children's Categorization of Facial Expressions
    Social Development, 2020
    Co-Authors: James A Russell, Sherri C. Widen
    Abstract:

    In three studies (N's = 360, 68, 160), children (2 to 7 years of age) were asked to categorize various facial expressions. The Emotion Category was specified to the child by its label (such as happy), its facial expression (such as a smile), or both. From the youngest to the oldest children and for all 3 Emotion categories examined (happiness, anger, and sadness), results showed a Label Superiority Effect: Emotion labels resulted in more accurate categorization than did the corresponding facial expression. Errors conformed to a structural model emphasizing the dimension of pleasure-displeasure.

  • Palestinian and American Children's Understanding of Facial Expressions
    2020
    Co-Authors: Mary H. Kayyal, James A Russell
    Abstract:

    Do Palestinian and American children understand facial expressions differently? In two studies, children (Study 1: 3-5 years; Study 2: 6-8 years) categorized facial expressions according to the Emotion expressed. Scoring for “correctness” showed no cultural differences: Palestinians and Americans were equally likely to include the target face in each Emotion Category. However, examining children’s “errors” revealed cultural differences: Compared to Americans, Palestinians were more likely to include faces assumed to signal other samevalenced Emotions in their Emotion categories. Children’s “errors” decreased with age. Palestinian and American children’s understanding of facial expressions follows the same broad-to-differentiated pattern of development; cultural differences exist within this pattern.

  • children can create a new Emotion Category through a process of elimination
    Cognitive Development, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nicole L Nelson, Emma Nowicki, Maire Claire Diemer, Kelly Sangster, Chuchu Cheng, James A Russell
    Abstract:

    This study explored process of elimination as a mechanism by which children come to place several different but similar facial expressions within the same Emotion Category label. In phase 1, children (N = 92, aged 2-7 years) chose from a small array the facial expression that best expressed a given Emotion. On three of the trials, children included three different (but similar) novel expressions as exemplars for a made-up label. In phase 2, the children freely label the three novel expressions now posed by different posers with the made-up label. Evidence for use of process of elimination increased with age. In just a few trials, children can form a new conceptual Emotion Category that includes several different, but similar expressions, demonstrating one way in which children can build Emotion categories even when the facial expressions are somewhat different and seen on different persons.

  • Culture and the categorization of Emotions
    Psychological Bulletin, 1991
    Co-Authors: James A Russell
    Abstract:

    Some writers assume--and others deny--that all human beings distinguish Emotions from nonEmotions and divide the Emotions into happiness, anger, fear, and so on. A review of ethnographic and cross-cultural studies on (a) Emotion lexicons, (b) the Emotions inferred from facial expressions, and (c) dimensions implicit in comparative judgments of Emotions indicated both similarities and differences in how the Emotions are categorized in different languages and cultures. Five hypotheses are reviewed: (a) Basic categories of Emotion are pancultural, subordinate categories culture specific; (b) Emotional focal points are pancultural, boundaries culture specific; (c) Emotion categories evolved from a single primitive Category of physiological arousal; (d) most Emotion categories are culture specific but can be defined by pancultural semantic primitives; and (e) an Emotion Category is a script with both culture-specific and pancultural components.

Jose A Hinojosa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • double checking Emotions valence and Emotion Category in contextual integration of facial expressions of Emotion
    Biological Psychology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Luis Aguado, Teresa Dieguezrisco, Cristina Villalbagarcia, Jose A Hinojosa
    Abstract:

    Abstract Faces showing happy, angry or fearful expressions were presented in Emotionally congruent or incongruent situational contexts (short sentences describing events that would usually provoke happiness, anger or fear). The participants were assigned the task of judging whether the expression was appropriate or not to the context (congruency judgment task). Effects of Emotional congruency were observed at both the behavioral and electrophysiological levels. Behavioral results showed evidence of congruency effects based on specific Emotion content (e.g., less accurate and slower responses to fear faces in angry contexts). Event-related-potentials (ERP) results also showed Emotional congruency effects at different post-stimulus onset latencies, beginning with the face-sensitive N170 component. An effect of Emotional congruency was also shown on the N400 component that is typically sensitive to semantic congruency. Finally, a late positive potential (LPP), appearing at 450–650 ms post-stimulus onset showed a complex pattern of effects with modulations driven by the different combinations of contexts and target expressions. These results are interpreted in terms of a double process of valence and Emotion checking that is supposed to underlie affective processing and contextual integration of facial expressions of Emotions.

  • Moved by words: Affective ratings for a set of 2,266 Spanish words in five discrete Emotion categories.
    Behavior Research Methods, 2016
    Co-Authors: Pilar Ferré, Marc Guasch, Natalia Martínez-garcía, Isabel Fraga, Jose A Hinojosa
    Abstract:

    The two main theoretical accounts of the human affective space are the dimensional perspective and the discrete-Emotion approach. In recent years, several affective norms have been developed from a dimensional perspective, including ratings for valence and arousal. In contrast, the number of published datasets relying on the discrete-Emotion approach is much lower. There is a need to fill this gap, considering that discrete Emotions have an effect on word processing above and beyond those of valence and arousal. In the present study, we present ratings from 1,380 participants for a set of 2,266 Spanish words in five discrete Emotion categories: happiness, anger, fear, disgust, and sadness. This will be the largest dataset published to date containing ratings for discrete Emotions. We also present, for the first time, a fine-grained analysis of the distribution of words into the five Emotion categories. This analysis reveals that happiness words are the most consistently related to a single, discrete Emotion Category. In contrast, there is a tendency for many negative words to belong to more than one discrete Emotion. The only exception is disgust words, which overlap least with the other negative Emotions. Normative valence and arousal data already exist for all of the words included in this corpus. Thus, the present database will allow researchers to design studies to contrast the predictions of the two most influential theoretical perspectives in this field. These studies will undoubtedly contribute to a deeper understanding of the effects of Emotion on word processing.

Iris B Mauss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • depressive symptoms and deficits in stress reactive negative positive and within Emotion Category differentiation a daily diary study
    Journal of Personality, 2020
    Co-Authors: Emily C Willroth, Jayde A M Flett, Iris B Mauss
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: The present research aimed to better understand deficits in Emotion differentiation that accompany depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms have been associated with more undifferentiated negative Emotion experiences-experiencing multiple negative Emotions simultaneously. We extend previous research by asking: (a) Are depressive symptoms and negative and positive Emotion differentiation related above and beyond Emotion intensity? (b) Are deficits in negative Emotion differentiation specific to distinct categories of negative Emotions (sadness, guilt, anger, and anxiety)? and (c) Do age or gender predict Emotion differentiation or its associations with depressive symptoms? METHOD: In 220 community participants (59% female; 21-60 years), we assessed depressive symptoms using surveys and Emotion differentiation using daily diary Emotion ratings in response to daily stressful events. RESULTS: Greater depressive symptoms were associated with lower negative, but not positive, Emotion differentiation, above and beyond Emotion intensity. Depressive symptoms were specifically related to lower differentiation among sadness-related Emotions, and this sadness-specific deficit accounted for the deficit in negative Emotion differentiation. Age and gender did not predict or moderate associations with Emotion differentiation. CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms are associated with undifferentiated negative Emotions above and beyond Emotion intensity, and this association appears to be driven by undifferentiated sadness-related Emotions, across gender and age.