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Eunju Yoon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Meta-Analysis of Acculturation and Enculturation: Bilinear, Multidimensional, and Context-Dependent Processes:
    The Counseling Psychologist, 2020
    Co-Authors: Eunju Yoon, Latifat Cabirou, Sarah Galvin, Lincoln Hill, Plamena Daskalova, Cecile Bhang, Ezza Ahmad Mustaffa, Angela Dao, Kathryn Thomas, Blake Baltazar
    Abstract:

    Acculturation and Enculturation are currently conceptualized as bilinear, multidimensional, and context-dependent cultural socialization processes (Yoon et al., 2013). Yet, this conceptualization r...

  • a meta analysis of acculturation Enculturation and mental health
    Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Eunju Yoon, Chihting Chang, Soyeon Kim, Angela Clawson, Sarah Cleary, Meghan Hansen, John P Bruner, Theresa K Chan, Alexandrina M Gomes
    Abstract:

    This meta-analytic study examined the relationship among the constructs of acculturation, Enculturation, and acculturation strategies (i.e., integration, assimilation, separation, marginalization), and mental health. Data from 325 studies (163 journal articles and 162 dissertation studies) were analyzed using a random-effects model, across a broad spectrum of negative mental health (NM: depression, anxiety, psychological distress, and negative affect) and positive mental health (PM: self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and positive affect). Overall, acculturation was favorably associated with both NM (negatively) and PM (positively), whereas Enculturation was favorably related only to PM (positively). In fact, Enculturation was positively related to anxiety. The specifics of these relations were further examined using the following moderators: (a) researchers' operationalization of acculturation/Enculturation (i.e., linearity, dimensionality); (b) contextual influences (i.e., when and where the study was conducted); and (c) sample characteristics (i.e., voluntariness of residency, race, gender, age). Overall, bilinear measures of acculturation indicated a positive association with PM, while unilinear measures did not. External acculturation (e.g., language, behaviors) and internal Enculturation (e.g., identity) were most favorably related to mental health. The place of study had differential effects on the relation of Enculturation and NM. Acculturation appeared to be especially important to Asian Americans, whereas Enculturation was to African Americans. Differential effects of age suggested the need to consider life-span development of needs and social roles in relation to acculturation and Enculturation. Both correlational analyses and mean comparisons affirmed that integration was the most favorable acculturation strategy to mental health. Implications for research, practice, and theory are discussed.

  • A meta-analysis of acculturation/Enculturation and mental health.
    Journal of counseling psychology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Eunju Yoon, Chihting Chang, Soyeon Kim, Angela Clawson, Sarah Cleary, Meghan Hansen, John P Bruner, Theresa K Chan, Alexandrina M Gomes
    Abstract:

    This meta-analytic study examined the relationship among the constructs of acculturation, Enculturation, and acculturation strategies (i.e., integration, assimilation, separation, marginalization), and mental health. Data from 325 studies (163 journal articles and 162 dissertation studies) were analyzed using a random-effects model, across a broad spectrum of negative mental health (NM: depression, anxiety, psychological distress, and negative affect) and positive mental health (PM: self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and positive affect). Overall, acculturation was favorably associated with both NM (negatively) and PM (positively), whereas Enculturation was favorably related only to PM (positively). In fact, Enculturation was positively related to anxiety. The specifics of these relations were further examined using the following moderators: (a) researchers' operationalization of acculturation/Enculturation (i.e., linearity, dimensionality); (b) contextual influences (i.e., when and where the study was conducted); and (c) sample characteristics (i.e., voluntariness of residency, race, gender, age). Overall, bilinear measures of acculturation indicated a positive association with PM, while unilinear measures did not. External acculturation (e.g., language, behaviors) and internal Enculturation (e.g., identity) were most favorably related to mental health. The place of study had differential effects on the relation of Enculturation and NM. Acculturation appeared to be especially important to Asian Americans, whereas Enculturation was to African Americans. Differential effects of age suggested the need to consider life-span development of needs and social roles in relation to acculturation and Enculturation. Both correlational analyses and mean comparisons affirmed that integration was the most favorable acculturation strategy to mental health. Implications for research, practice, and theory are discussed.

  • validation of social connectedness in mainstream society and the ethnic community scales
    Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Eunju Yoon, Kyoung Rae Jung, Monica Felixmora
    Abstract:

    This study examined the psychometric properties of the Social Connectedness in Mainstream Society (SCMN) and the Social Connectedness in the Ethnic Community (SCETH) Scales in two groups of ethnic minorities. We especially examined their theoretical/conceptual and empirical viability in relation to other established constructs of general social connectedness, acculturation, and Enculturation. Analyses of two sets of survey data from 200 Mexican American students in California and 134 Asian international students in Minnesota supported (a) construct validity of the SCMN and the SCETH as related but distinct structures, (b) convergent and discriminant validity in relation to acculturation and Enculturation, and (c) high reliability. The examination of incremental validity in predicting subjective well-being further supported their distinctive utility in addition to other established constructs of general social connectedness, acculturation, Enculturation, ethnic identity, and other group orientation. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

  • acculturation social connectedness and subjective well being
    Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Eunju Yoon
    Abstract:

    : This study examined social connectedness in mainstream society as a mediator between acculturation and subjective well-being (SWB), and social connectedness in the ethnic community as a mediator between Enculturation and SWB. Survey data from 188 Korean immigrants in the Midwest were subject to path analyses. Results partially supported the study hypotheses. Social connectedness in mainstream society tended to partially mediate the relationship between acculturation and SWB although the standardized mediating effect did not reach statistical significance. Social connectedness in the ethnic community fully mediated the relationship between Enculturation and SWB. About 49% of the variance in SWB was explained by acculturation, social connectedness in the ethnic community, and social connectedness in mainstream society, in a descending order of their unique contribution. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.

Regina E. Fabry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The cerebral, extra-cerebral bodily, and socio-cultural dimensions of enculturated arithmetical cognition
    Synthese, 2019
    Co-Authors: Regina E. Fabry
    Abstract:

    Arithmetical cognition is the result of Enculturation. On a personal level of analysis, Enculturation is a process of structured cultural learning that leads to the acquisition of evolutionarily recent, socio-culturally shaped arithmetical practices. On a sub-personal level, Enculturation is realized by learning driven plasticity and learning driven bodily adaptability, which leads to the emergence of new neural circuitry and bodily action patterns. While learning driven plasticity in the case of arithmetical practices is not consistent with modularist theories of mental architecture, it can be enriched by the theory of neural reuse. According to neural reuse, cerebral regions are reused to contribute to multiple neural circuits in functionally constrained ways throughout ontogeny. By hypothesis, learning driven plasticity is complemented by learning driven bodily adaptability, which suggests that there is an interesting functional relationship between finger gnosis, finger counting, and arithmetical practices. The emerging perspective on enculturated arithmetical cognition will be complemented by considerations on associated developmental and acquired disorders, namely developmental dyscalculia and acquired acalculia. The upshot is that we need to take the cerebral, extra-cerebral bodily, and socio-cultural dimensions of Enculturation into account in order to arrive at a better understanding of the phylogenetic and ontogenetic conditions of arithmetical cognition.

  • Enculturation and narrative practices
    Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Regina E. Fabry
    Abstract:

    Recent work on Enculturation suggests that our cognitive capacities are significantly transformed in the course of the scaffolded acquisition of cognitive practices such as reading and writing. Phylogenetically, Enculturation is the result of the co-evolution of human organisms and their socio-culturally structured cognitive niche. It is rendered possible by evolved cerebral and extra-cerebral bodily learning mechanisms that make human organisms apt to acquire culturally inherited cognitive practices. In addition, cultural learning allows for the intergenerational transmission of relevant knowledge and skills. Ontogenetically, Enculturation is associated with neural plasticity and the development of new motor routines and action schemas. It relies on scaffolded learning that structures novice-teacher interactions. The acquisition of reading and writing are paradigm examples of Enculturation. Based on an empirically informed analysis of the components of Enculturation, I will apply the emerging account of enculturated cognition to narrative practices. To date, research on the impact of narratives on the constitution of the self and our understanding of folk psychology has not paid much attention to the question how narratives are influenced by cumulative cultural evolution and our capacity to acquire reading and writing during ontogeny. I will argue that textual narratives, above and beyond oral narratives, provide genuinely new ways of narration. Therefore, the enculturated interaction with textual narratives has the potential to contribute to a better understanding of ourselves and other cognitive agents.

  • Turing redux: Enculturation and computation
    Cognitive Systems Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Regina E. Fabry
    Abstract:

    Abstract Many of our cognitive capacities are shaped by Enculturation. Enculturation is the acquisition of cognitive practices such as symbol-based mathematical practices, reading, and writing during ontogeny. Enculturation is associated with significant changes to the organization and connectivity of the brain and to the functional profiles of embodied actions and motor programs. Furthermore, it relies on scaffolded cultural learning in the cognitive niche. The purpose of this paper is to explore the components of symbol-based mathematical practices. Phylogenetically, these practices are the result of concerted organism-niche interactions that have led from approximate number estimations to the emergence of discrete, symbol-based mathematical operations. Ontogenetically, symbol-based mathematical practices are associated with plastic changes to neural circuitry, action schemata, and motor programs. It will be suggested that these practices rely on previously acquired capacities such as subitizing and counting. With these considerations in place, I will argue that computations, understood in the sense of Turing (1936), are a specific kind of symbol-based mathematical practices that can be realized by human organisms, machines, or by hybrid organism-machine systems. In sum, this paper suggests a new way to think about mathematical cognition and computation.

  • Cognitive Innovation, Cumulative Cultural Evolution, and Enculturation
    Journal of Cognition and Culture, 2017
    Co-Authors: Regina E. Fabry
    Abstract:

    Cognitive innovation has shaped and transformed our cognitive capacities throughout history. Until recently, cognitive innovation has not received much attention by empirical and conceptual research in the cognitive sciences. This paper is a first attempt to help close this gap. It will be argued that cognitive innovation is best understood in connection with cumulative cultural evolution and Enculturation. Cumulative cultural evolution plays a vital role for the inter-generational transmission of the products of cognitive innovation. Furthermore, there are at least two important functions of Enculturation for cognitive innovation. First, Enculturation is responsible for the ontogenetic acquisition of cognitive practices governing the interaction with innovative products. Second, successful processes of Enculturation provide opportunities for subsequent innovative processes. The trans-generational trajectory of calculation from mathematical symbol systems to the first digital computers will serve as a paradigm example of the delicate interplay of cognitive innovation, cumulative cultural evolution, and Enculturation.

A. Timothy Church - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Development and validation of the Enculturation Scale for Filipino Americans.
    Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Alicia M. Del Prado, A. Timothy Church
    Abstract:

    Enculturation is the degree to which a person adheres to the values and behaviors of an indigenous or ethnic culture. This study was conducted to develop the Enculturation Scale for Filipino Americans (ESFA). Items were generated from a literature review, interviews with 5 Filipino American academic experts, and a survey of 24 cultural informants. Two community samples of Filipino Americans (Ns = 281 and 269) and 1 sample of non-Filipino Americans (N = 84) completed the ESFA. The Filipino American samples also completed existing Enculturation/acculturation measures for Asian Americans and measures of subjective well-being. In factor analyses, 3 general Enculturation dimensions— Connection With Homeland, Interpersonal Norms, and Conservatism—replicated well across samples. Internal consistency reliability estimates for the ESFA subscales were high, and construct validity was supported by the pattern of relationships with alternative, but less culture-specific, Enculturation/ acculturation measures, as well as immigration, generational status, and cultural identity variables. Item response theory methods were used to develop a short form of the ESFA.

Linda G Castillo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • alcohol use severity and depressive symptoms among late adolescent hispanics testing associations of acculturation and Enculturation in a bicultural transaction model
    Addictive Behaviors, 2015
    Co-Authors: Miguel Ángel Cano, Lizette Ojeda, Brandy Pinawatson, Linda G Castillo, Marcel A De Dios, Yessenia Castro, Ellen L Vaughan, Elma I Lorenzoblanco, Jodi Berger Cardoso, Rick A Cruz
    Abstract:

    Research has indicated that Hispanics have high rates of heavy drinking and depressive symptoms during late adolescence. The purpose of this study was to test a bicultural transaction model composed of two enthnocultural orientations (acculturation and Enculturation); and stressful cultural transactions with both the U.S. culture (perceived ethnic discrimination) and Hispanic culture (perceived intragroup marginalization) to predict alcohol use severity and depressive symptoms among a sample of 129 (men=39, women=90) late adolescent Hispanics (ages 18-21) enrolled in college. Results from a path analysis indicated that the model accounted for 18.2% of the variance in alcohol use severity and 24.3% of the variance in depressive symptoms. None of the acculturation or Enculturation domains had statistically significant direct effects with alcohol use severity or depressive symptoms. However, higher reports of ethnic discrimination were associated with higher reports of alcohol use severity and depressive symptoms. Similarly, higher reports of intragroup marginalization were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Further, both ethnic discrimination and intragroup marginalization functioned as mediators of multiple domains of acculturation and Enculturation. These findings highlight the need to consider the indirect effects of enthnocultural orientations in relation to health-related outcomes.

  • Dynamics of Acculturation, Enculturation, and Ethnic Identity: Influence of Psychocultural Constructs on Conscientiousness and Expectations of Higher Education among Latinos.
    International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 2012
    Co-Authors: Miguel Ángel Cano, Linda G Castillo, Matthew J. Davis, Araceli López-arenas, Juana Vaquero, Keisha V. Thompson, Isaac M. Saldivar
    Abstract:

    This study investigated the influence of psychocultural variables (e.g., acculturation, Enculturation, ethnic identity) and personality characteristics in relation to educational expectations among 345 Latino middle school students in the U.S. Results from a path model indicate that 24.4 % of the variance of educational expectations was accounted for by all predictor variables included in the model. Age, acculturation, and conscientiousness had statistically significant direct effects on educational expectations. Findings also show that elements of ethnic identity and conscientiousness mediated the association from acculturation and Enculturation to educational expectations. Implications of the findings for counselors are addressed.

  • The Role of Enculturation and Acculturation on Latina College Student Distress
    Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 2010
    Co-Authors: Miguel Ángel Cano, Linda G Castillo
    Abstract:

    This study investigated the relationship of acculturation, Enculturation, and White attitudinal marginalization with distress among 214 Latina college students. Results showed that 12% of the variance in perceived distress was accounted for by all predictor variables with only behavioral Enculturation and White attitudinal marginalization being statistically significant predictors. Implications for future research are discussed.

  • the influence of acculturation and Enculturation on mexican american high school students decision to apply to college
    Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2010
    Co-Authors: Linda G Castillo, Araceli Lopezarenas, Isaac M Saldivarxys
    Abstract:

    This study examined the influence of acculturation, Enculturation, parental education level, financial concerns, and gender on 106 Mexican American high school students' decisions to apply to college. Results indicated that acculturation and female gender were significant predictors. Implications for interventions with Latino high school students are discussed. Este estudio examino la influencia de la aculturacion, la enculturacion, el nivel de educacion de los padres, las preocupaciones financieras y el sexo del sujeto sobre la decision de 106 estudiantes de secundaria mejicanos-americanos de solicitar acceso a estudios universitarios. Los resultados indicaron que la aculturacion y el sexo femenino mostraron una capacidad de predicion significativa. Se discuten las implicaciones para intervenciones con estudiantes de secundaria latinos.

Matthew J Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • social cognitive and cultural orientation predictors of well being in asian american college students
    Journal of Career Assessment, 2013
    Co-Authors: Robert W Lent, Matthew J Miller
    Abstract:

    This study examined the predictive utility of Lent and Brown’s social cognitive model of educational and work well-being with a sample of Asian American college students, indexing well-being in terms of academic and social domain satisfaction. In addition, we examined the role of acculturation and Enculturation as culture-specific predictors of domain satisfaction. Participants were 122 Asian American college students who completed measures of domain-specific environmental support, self-efficacy, goal progress, and satisfaction, along with global measures of behavioral acculturation and Enculturation. Path analyses indicated that the modified social cognitive model, including the two cultural variables, provided good fit to the data and accounted for substantial portions of the variance in academic and social satisfaction. Both acculturation and Enculturation were linked to domain satisfaction indirectly through their relation to perceived environmental support. This suggests that students who actively en...

  • Acculturation, Enculturation, and Asian American college students' mental health and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help.
    Journal of counseling psychology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew J Miller, Minji Yang, Kayi Hui, Na-yeun Choi, Robert H. Lim
    Abstract:

    In the present study, we tested a theoretically and empirically derived partially indirect effects acculturation and Enculturation model of Asian American college students' mental health and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. Latent variable path analysis with 296 self-identified Asian American college students supported the partially indirect effects model and demonstrated the ways in which behavioral acculturation, behavioral Enculturation, values acculturation, values Enculturation, and acculturation gap family conflict related to mental health and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help directly and indirectly through acculturative stress. We also tested a generational status moderator hypothesis to determine whether differences in model-implied relationships emerged across U.S.- (n = 185) and foreign-born (n = 107) participants. Consistent with this hypothesis, statistically significant differences in structural coefficients emerged across generational status. Limitations, future directions for research, and counseling implications are discussed.