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C.b. Dissanayake - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Geochemistry of Endemic Goitre, Sri Lanka
Applied Geochemistry, 2009Co-Authors: C.b. Dissanayake, Rohana ChandrajithAbstract:Abstract A large section of the population living in the wet climatic zone of Sri Lanka is prone to Endemic Goitre, which is mainly caused by the lack of I. In Sri Lanka, an area in which 40% of the inhabitants are afflicted by Goitre, the I content in soil and water was still observed to be high relative to other goitrous regions of the world, indicating the possible importance of other factors such as goitrogens in the aetiology of Endemic Goitre. Cluster analysis of the geochemical data showed that the Endemic Goitre region lies in the group with lowest I, alkali earths, Cl, NO3-, Fe and Mn.
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selenium and iodine in soil rice and drinking water in relation to Endemic Goitre in sri lanka
Science of The Total Environment, 2000Co-Authors: F M Fordyce, C C Johnson, Udaya R B Navaratna, Don J Appleton, C.b. DissanayakeAbstract:Endemic Goitre has been reported in the climatic wet zone of south-west Sri Lanka for the past 50 years, but rarely occurs in the northern dry zone. Despite government-sponsored iodised salt programmes, Endemic Goitre is still prevalent. In recent years, it has been suggested that Se deficiency may be an important factor in the onset of Goitre and other iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Prior to the present study, environmental concentrations of Se in Sri Lanka and the possible relationships between Se deficiency and Endemic Goitre had not been investigated. During the present study, chemical differences in the environment (measured in soil, rice and drinking water) and the Se-status of the human population (demonstrated by hair samples from women) were determined for 15 villages. The villages were characterised by low ( 25%) Goitre incidence (NIDD, MIDD and HIDD, respectively). Results show that concentrations of soil total Se and iodine are highest in the HIDD villages, however, the soil clay and organic matter content appear to inhibit the bioavailability of these elements. Concentrations of iodine in rice are low (≤58 ng/g) and rice does not provide a significant source of iodine in the Sri Lankan diet. High concentrations of iodine (up to 84 μg/l) in drinking water in the dry zone may, in part, explain why Goitre is uncommon in this area. This study has shown for the first time that significant proportions of the Sri Lankan female population may be Se deficient (24, 24 and 40% in the NIDD, MIDD and HIDD villages, respectively). Although Se deficiency is not restricted to areas where Goitre is prevalent, a combination of iodine and Se deficiency could be involved in the pathogenesis of Goitre in Sri Lanka. The distribution of red rice cultivation in Sri Lanka is coincident with the HIDD villages. Varieties of red rice grown in other countries contain anthocyanins and procyanidins, compounds which in other foodstuffs are known goitrogens. The potential goitrogenic properties of red rice in Sri Lanka are presently unknown and require further investigation. It is likely that the incidence of Goitre in Sri Lanka is multi-factorial, involving trace element deficiencies and other factors such as poor nutrition and goitrogens in foodstuffs.
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Selenium and iodine in soil, rice and drinking water in relation to Endemic Goitre in Sri Lanka.
The Science of the total environment, 2000Co-Authors: F M Fordyce, C C Johnson, Udaya R B Navaratna, J D Appleton, C.b. DissanayakeAbstract:Endemic Goitre has been reported in the climatic wet zone of south-west Sri Lanka for the past 50 years, but rarely occurs in the northern dry zone. Despite government-sponsored iodised salt programmes, Endemic Goitre is still prevalent. In recent years, it has been suggested that Se deficiency may be an important factor in the onset of Goitre and other iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Prior to the present study, environmental concentrations of Se in Sri Lanka and the possible relationships between Se deficiency and Endemic Goitre had not been investigated. During the present study, chemical differences in the environment (measured in soil, rice and drinking water) and the Se-status of the human population (demonstrated by hair samples from women) were determined for 15 villages. The villages were characterised by low (< 10%), moderate (10-25%) and high (> 25%) Goitre incidence (NIDD, MIDD and HIDD, respectively). Results show that concentrations of soil total Se and iodine are highest in the HIDD villages, however, the soil clay and organic matter content appear to inhibit the bioavailability of these elements. Concentrations of iodine in rice are low (< or = 58 ng/g) and rice does not provide a significant source of iodine in the Sri Lankan diet. High concentrations of iodine (up to 84 microg/l) in drinking water in the dry zone may, in part, explain why Goitre is uncommon in this area. This study has shown for the first time that significant proportions of the Sri Lankan female population may be Se deficient (24, 24 and 40% in the NIDD, MIDD and HIDD villages, respectively). Although Se deficiency is not restricted to areas where Goitre is prevalent, a combination of iodine and Se deficiency could be involved in the pathogenesis of Goitre in Sri Lanka. The distribution of red rice cultivation in Sri Lanka is coincident with the HIDD villages. Varieties of red rice grown in other countries contain anthocyanins and procyanidins, compounds which in other foodstuffs are known goitrogens. The potential goitrogenic properties of red rice in Sri Lanka are presently unknown and require further investigation. It is likely that the incidence of Goitre in Sri Lanka is multi-factorial, involving trace element deficiencies and other factors such as poor nutrition and goitrogens in foodstuffs.
A J Louw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the northern cape province of south africa
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: P L Jooste, M. J. Weight, J A Kriek, A J LouwAbstract:Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa
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Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: P L Jooste, M. J. Weight, J A Kriek, A J LouwAbstract:Objective : The study was undertaken to investigate whether Endemic Goitre still exists in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa more than 55 years after it was reported and, if so, whether iodine deficiency, or fluoride in the drinking water, is linked to the Goitres. Design : Cross-sectional study of children in three pairs of towns. Subjects : The 6-, 12- and 15-year-old children ( n =671) who had been lifetime residents in two Northern Cape towns with low levels, two towns with near optimal levels and two towns with high levels of fluoride in the drinking water were recruited through the schools as study participants. Results : Endemic Goitre was found in all the towns except one, ranging from 5% to 29%. Iodine deficiency did not prevail in the study area because the median urinary iodine concentration, exceeding 1.58 μmol/l in all but one of the towns, indicated a more than adequate iodine consumption. The drinking water and, to a lesser extent, iodised salt were important sources of iodine. No relationship was found between fluoride in the water and the mild Goitre prevalence (5% to 18%) in the four towns with either a low or near optimal fluoride content in the water. The causal factor(s) responsible for the Goitres in these four towns were not clear from our data. However, the prevalence of Goitre was higher (28% and 29%) in the two towns with high levels of fluoride in the water. Conclusion : These results indicate that either a high fluoride level in the water or another associated goitrogen, other than iodine deficiency, may have been responsible for these Goitres. Sponsorship : This work forms part of the research programme supported by the Medical Research Council of South Africa.
P L Jooste - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the northern cape province of south africa
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: P L Jooste, M. J. Weight, J A Kriek, A J LouwAbstract:Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa
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Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: P L Jooste, M. J. Weight, J A Kriek, A J LouwAbstract:Objective : The study was undertaken to investigate whether Endemic Goitre still exists in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa more than 55 years after it was reported and, if so, whether iodine deficiency, or fluoride in the drinking water, is linked to the Goitres. Design : Cross-sectional study of children in three pairs of towns. Subjects : The 6-, 12- and 15-year-old children ( n =671) who had been lifetime residents in two Northern Cape towns with low levels, two towns with near optimal levels and two towns with high levels of fluoride in the drinking water were recruited through the schools as study participants. Results : Endemic Goitre was found in all the towns except one, ranging from 5% to 29%. Iodine deficiency did not prevail in the study area because the median urinary iodine concentration, exceeding 1.58 μmol/l in all but one of the towns, indicated a more than adequate iodine consumption. The drinking water and, to a lesser extent, iodised salt were important sources of iodine. No relationship was found between fluoride in the water and the mild Goitre prevalence (5% to 18%) in the four towns with either a low or near optimal fluoride content in the water. The causal factor(s) responsible for the Goitres in these four towns were not clear from our data. However, the prevalence of Goitre was higher (28% and 29%) in the two towns with high levels of fluoride in the water. Conclusion : These results indicate that either a high fluoride level in the water or another associated goitrogen, other than iodine deficiency, may have been responsible for these Goitres. Sponsorship : This work forms part of the research programme supported by the Medical Research Council of South Africa.
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Iodine deficiency and Endemic Goitre in the Langkloof area of South Africa.
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1997Co-Authors: P L Jooste, M. J. Weight, J A KriekAbstract:The prevalence of iodine deficiency and Endemic Goitre was investigated in a cross-sectional study of 565 children (mean age 12.6 years) from 4 primary schools in Langkloof South Africa. Analysis of urinary iodine levels revealed mild to severe levels of iodine deficiency in the 4 communities and the prevalence of Endemic Goitre ranged from 14.3-30.2%. Despite the availability of iodized salt at local grocery stores this product was not present in 75% of households in the 3 poorest communities. The iodine content of drinking water was low. Stunting prevalent in 3 of the 4 communities was most widespread in the community with the highest Goitre prevalence. The recently introduced (1995) mandatory iodization of table salt in South Africa should improve the iodine deficiency rate and Goitre prevalence in Langkloof if the salt is distributed efficiently and program effects are monitored.
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Endemic Goitre among undernourished schoolchildren in eastern Caprivi, Namibia.
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1992Co-Authors: P L Jooste, C. J. Badenhorst, C. H. J. Schutte, Mieke Faber, E. Van Staden, A. Oelofse, C. AalbersAbstract:A cross-sectional study on a 20% random sample of 380 children, aged 6-18 years, from 8 primary schools in the Cuando River area of eastern Caprivi, Namibia, was done to determine the prevalence of Goitre and to investigate related hormonal and nutritional factors. Of the children 34.5% had Goitre. Reduced plasma free thyroxine concentrations in the more severely goitrous children, compared with matched non-goitrous children (P = 0.0007), implicated dietary iodine deficiency as the causative factor. Their diet was inadequate in energy and most nutrients according to World Health Organisation criteria. Retarded growth, indicated by their low body weight and height in relation to age, were observed in a large proportion (45.6-73%) of the children. These findings suggest that dietary iodine deficiency was the most likely cause for the Endemic Goitre in these children, who were predisposed to nutritional disorders by long-term undernourishment.
J A Kriek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: P L Jooste, M. J. Weight, J A Kriek, A J LouwAbstract:Objective : The study was undertaken to investigate whether Endemic Goitre still exists in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa more than 55 years after it was reported and, if so, whether iodine deficiency, or fluoride in the drinking water, is linked to the Goitres. Design : Cross-sectional study of children in three pairs of towns. Subjects : The 6-, 12- and 15-year-old children ( n =671) who had been lifetime residents in two Northern Cape towns with low levels, two towns with near optimal levels and two towns with high levels of fluoride in the drinking water were recruited through the schools as study participants. Results : Endemic Goitre was found in all the towns except one, ranging from 5% to 29%. Iodine deficiency did not prevail in the study area because the median urinary iodine concentration, exceeding 1.58 μmol/l in all but one of the towns, indicated a more than adequate iodine consumption. The drinking water and, to a lesser extent, iodised salt were important sources of iodine. No relationship was found between fluoride in the water and the mild Goitre prevalence (5% to 18%) in the four towns with either a low or near optimal fluoride content in the water. The causal factor(s) responsible for the Goitres in these four towns were not clear from our data. However, the prevalence of Goitre was higher (28% and 29%) in the two towns with high levels of fluoride in the water. Conclusion : These results indicate that either a high fluoride level in the water or another associated goitrogen, other than iodine deficiency, may have been responsible for these Goitres. Sponsorship : This work forms part of the research programme supported by the Medical Research Council of South Africa.
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Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the northern cape province of south africa
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: P L Jooste, M. J. Weight, J A Kriek, A J LouwAbstract:Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa
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Iodine deficiency and Endemic Goitre in the Langkloof area of South Africa.
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1997Co-Authors: P L Jooste, M. J. Weight, J A KriekAbstract:The prevalence of iodine deficiency and Endemic Goitre was investigated in a cross-sectional study of 565 children (mean age 12.6 years) from 4 primary schools in Langkloof South Africa. Analysis of urinary iodine levels revealed mild to severe levels of iodine deficiency in the 4 communities and the prevalence of Endemic Goitre ranged from 14.3-30.2%. Despite the availability of iodized salt at local grocery stores this product was not present in 75% of households in the 3 poorest communities. The iodine content of drinking water was low. Stunting prevalent in 3 of the 4 communities was most widespread in the community with the highest Goitre prevalence. The recently introduced (1995) mandatory iodization of table salt in South Africa should improve the iodine deficiency rate and Goitre prevalence in Langkloof if the salt is distributed efficiently and program effects are monitored.
M. J. Weight - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the northern cape province of south africa
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: P L Jooste, M. J. Weight, J A Kriek, A J LouwAbstract:Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa
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Endemic Goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999Co-Authors: P L Jooste, M. J. Weight, J A Kriek, A J LouwAbstract:Objective : The study was undertaken to investigate whether Endemic Goitre still exists in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa more than 55 years after it was reported and, if so, whether iodine deficiency, or fluoride in the drinking water, is linked to the Goitres. Design : Cross-sectional study of children in three pairs of towns. Subjects : The 6-, 12- and 15-year-old children ( n =671) who had been lifetime residents in two Northern Cape towns with low levels, two towns with near optimal levels and two towns with high levels of fluoride in the drinking water were recruited through the schools as study participants. Results : Endemic Goitre was found in all the towns except one, ranging from 5% to 29%. Iodine deficiency did not prevail in the study area because the median urinary iodine concentration, exceeding 1.58 μmol/l in all but one of the towns, indicated a more than adequate iodine consumption. The drinking water and, to a lesser extent, iodised salt were important sources of iodine. No relationship was found between fluoride in the water and the mild Goitre prevalence (5% to 18%) in the four towns with either a low or near optimal fluoride content in the water. The causal factor(s) responsible for the Goitres in these four towns were not clear from our data. However, the prevalence of Goitre was higher (28% and 29%) in the two towns with high levels of fluoride in the water. Conclusion : These results indicate that either a high fluoride level in the water or another associated goitrogen, other than iodine deficiency, may have been responsible for these Goitres. Sponsorship : This work forms part of the research programme supported by the Medical Research Council of South Africa.
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Endemic Goitre in a rural community of KwaZulu-Natal
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1997Co-Authors: J. G. Benade, Andre Oelofse, M. E. Van Stuijvenberg, Pieter L. Jooste, M. J. Weight, A. J. S. BenadéAbstract:CITATION: Benade, J. G. et al. 1997. Endemic Goitre in a rural community of KwaZulu-Natal. South African Medical Journal, 87:310-313.
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Iodine deficiency and Endemic Goitre in the Langkloof area of South Africa.
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1997Co-Authors: P L Jooste, M. J. Weight, J A KriekAbstract:The prevalence of iodine deficiency and Endemic Goitre was investigated in a cross-sectional study of 565 children (mean age 12.6 years) from 4 primary schools in Langkloof South Africa. Analysis of urinary iodine levels revealed mild to severe levels of iodine deficiency in the 4 communities and the prevalence of Endemic Goitre ranged from 14.3-30.2%. Despite the availability of iodized salt at local grocery stores this product was not present in 75% of households in the 3 poorest communities. The iodine content of drinking water was low. Stunting prevalent in 3 of the 4 communities was most widespread in the community with the highest Goitre prevalence. The recently introduced (1995) mandatory iodization of table salt in South Africa should improve the iodine deficiency rate and Goitre prevalence in Langkloof if the salt is distributed efficiently and program effects are monitored.