The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J Wolinski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
small intestinal development in suckling rats after Enteral obestatin Administration
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Monika Slupeckaziemilska, Paulina Grzesiak, M Jank, Alicja Majewska, Pawel Kowalczyk, Ikuo Kato, Atsukazu Kuwahara, J WolinskiAbstract:This study investigated the effect of Enteral Administration of obestatin on the development of small intestine, as well as oxidative stress markers and trancriptomic profile of gastrointestinal genes. Suckling rats were assigned to 3 groups treated with: C-saline solution; OL-obestatin (125 nmol/kg BW); OH-obestatin (250 nmol/kg BW) administered twice daily, from the 14th to the 21st day of life. Enteral Administration of obestatin in both studied doses had no effect neither on the body weight of animals nor the BMI calculated in the day of euthanasia. Compared to the control group (C), treatment with obestatin resulted in significant changes in the histometry of the small intestinal wall as well as intestinal epithelial cell remodeling. The observed changes and their possible implications for intestinal development were dependent on the dosage of peptide. The Enteral Administration of high dose (OH) of obestatin significantly decreased its expression in the stomach and increased markers of oxidative stress. The gene profile revealed MAPK3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase-3) as the key regulator gene for obestatin action in the gastrointestinal track. In conclusion, we have showed that Enteral Administration of obestatin influences the gut mucosa remodeling. It is also suggested that the Administration of high dose (OH) has inhibitory effect on the intestinal maturation of suckling rats.
-
the influence of Enteral obestatin Administration to suckling rats on intestinal contractility
General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2017Co-Authors: M Slupecka, Paulina Grzesiak, Ikuo Kato, Atsukazu Kuwahara, J Kwiatkowski, Malgorzata Gajewska, J WolinskiAbstract:Abstract This study investigated the effect of Enteral Administration of obestatin on the contractility of whole-thickness preparations of duodenum and middle jejunum, as well as on the morphology of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Suckling rats were assigned to 3 groups (n = 12) treated with: C-saline solution; LO-obestatin (125 nmol/kg b.wt); HO-obestatin (250 nmol/kg b.wt). Saline solution or obestatin were administered twice daily, from the 14th to the 21st day of life. Sections were studied in an organ bath, for isometric recording in the presence of acetylocholine (ACh), atropine (ATR) and tetradotoxin (TTX). Thickness of intestinal muscularis layer, the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) were measured in the paraffin sections. The immunodetection of Muscarinic Acetylocholine Receptor 2 (M2 receptor) was performed in the intestinal segments. In both intestinal segments HO treatment decreased the amplitude of spontaneous contraction compared to that observed in the C group. In the middle jejunum, the LO treatment also decreased the amplitude. TTX and ATR had no effect on amplitude of spontaneous contraction in the jejunum of LO and HO-treated animals. Compared to the C group, duodenal sections from HO animals and middle jejunum sections from LO and HO groups displayed a lower amplitude in response to ACh and EFS evoked contraction. An increase in the thickness of the muscularis layer was observed in the duodenum of LO and HO groups whereas the number ICC did not change significantly after treatment with obestatin. Moreover, the Enteral Administration of obestatin did not effect significantly on the cytoplasmic expression of M2 receptor in the jejunum. Our study demonstrated that Enteral Administration of obestatin to suckling rats influences small intestine contractility in the segment specific manner.
Darlene A Calhoun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Enteral Administration of a simulated amniotic fluid to very low birth weight neonates
Journal of Perinatology, 2005Co-Authors: Robert D Christensen, Thomas Havranek, Dale R Gerstmann, Darlene A CalhounAbstract:To reduce feeding intolerance among very low birth weight neonates. A total of 10 neonates with birth weights of 750 to 1250 g were given oral-gastric boluses (2.5 ml/kg every 3 hours) of a solution patterned after amniotic fluid. When milk feedings were begun the milk was mixed with the test solution. The solution was given at a constant daily dose of 20 ml/kg/day while the volumes of milk feedings were gradually increased. When milk feedings reached 80 ml/kg/day the test solution was discontinued. A comparison group consisted of neonates who met study criteria but were cared for during the period immediately preceding the study. The outcome was the number of calories taken Enterally over the first 21 days of life. The test solution was begun an average of 27 hours after birth (range, 4 to 45). In the test group the first milk feedings were introduced 74 hours after birth (range, 18 to 144), which was similar to the time milk was introduced in the comparison subjects (79 hours; range, 18 to 168). After milk feedings were started, the test patients had a total of four NPO days (0.4 NPO days per patient) during their first 21 days, while the comparison group had 34 NPO days (3.4 NPO days per patient). During the first 14 days of life the test solution recipients had a median of 26.5 Enteral cal/kg/day (range, 4.3 to 68.9), while the comparison neonates had 8.5 (range, 0.2 to 25; p<0.05). During the first 21 days of life the test solution recipients had a median of 56.9 Enteral cal/kg/day (range, 11.5 to 89.4), while the comparison neonates had 19.2 (range, 0.9 to 52.8; p<0.05). In all, 10 VLBW infants tolerated the test solution for periods up to 14 days with no significant adverse effects. A randomized trial to determine whether this solution reduces feeding intolerance among VLBW neonates should be conducted.
-
Enteral Administration of a Simulated Amniotic Fluid to Very Low Birth Weight Neonates
Journal of Perinatology, 2005Co-Authors: Robert D Christensen, Thomas Havranek, Dale R Gerstmann, Darlene A CalhounAbstract:To reduce feeding intolerance among very low birth weight neonates. A total of 10 neonates with birth weights of 750 to 1250 g were given oral-gastric boluses (2.5 ml/kg every 3 hours) of a solution patterned after amniotic fluid. When milk feedings were begun the milk was mixed with the test solution. The solution was given at a constant daily dose of 20 ml/kg/day while the volumes of milk feedings were gradually increased. When milk feedings reached 80 ml/kg/day the test solution was discontinued. A comparison group consisted of neonates who met study criteria but were cared for during the period immediately preceding the study. The outcome was the number of calories taken Enterally over the first 21 days of life. The test solution was begun an average of 27 hours after birth (range, 4 to 45). In the test group the first milk feedings were introduced 74 hours after birth (range, 18 to 144), which was similar to the time milk was introduced in the comparison subjects (79 hours; range, 18 to 168). After milk feedings were started, the test patients had a total of four NPO days (0.4 NPO days per patient) during their first 21 days, while the comparison group had 34 NPO days (3.4 NPO days per patient). During the first 14 days of life the test solution recipients had a median of 26.5 Enteral cal/kg/day (range, 4.3 to 68.9), while the comparison neonates had 8.5 (range, 0.2 to 25; p
-
Enteral Administration of hematopoietic growth factors in the neonatal intensive care unit
Acta Paediatrica, 2002Co-Authors: Darlene A CalhounAbstract:By 20 wk of gestation, the human fetal gastrointestinal (GI) tract morphologically resembles that of the term infant, but functional development is limited before 26 wk. By 30 wk of gestation, the fetus has the capacity for limited digestion and Enteral absorption. GI growth and development continue postnatally. Trophic factors, including nutrients, peptides, hormones and growth factors, are recognized as having important influences on the morphology and histology of the developing GI tract. Other trophic factors are important in adaptation and repair following injury. Many such factors are provided in utero via amniotic fluid swallowing and later by human colostrum and milk. Conclusion: This review discusses cytokines with known GI trophic effects, either in vitro or in vivo, and focuses on those cytokines that have been used in the neonatal intensive care unit.
-
stability of filgrastim and epoetin alfa in a system designed for Enteral Administration in neonates
Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2000Co-Authors: Darlene A Calhoun, Sandra E Juul, Eric V Mcbryde, Mark Veerman, Robert D ChristensenAbstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the stability of recombinant granulocyte colony—stimulating factor (rG-CSF, filgrastim) and recombinant erythropoietin (rEpo, epoetin alfa) in a solution designed for Enteral Administration in the neonatal intensive care unit.DESIGN:Filgrastim and epoetin alfa were added to a solution with NaCl 0.9%, sodium acetate, potassium chloride, and human albumin in concentrations designed to mimic human amniotic fluid. Additionally, the solution was dripped through polyvinyl chloride feeding tubes to simulate feedings, and aliquots were collected before, during, and after priming of the tube. Other aliquots were either frozen immediately, stored at room temperature, or refrigerated for 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Filgrastim and epoetin alfa concentrations in the various aliquots were compared with the concentrations in the original solution.RESULTS:Filgrastim and epoetin alfa concentrations were stable for at least 24 hours when refrigerated and for at least three weeks ...
Robert D Christensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Enteral Administration of a simulated amniotic fluid to very low birth weight neonates
Journal of Perinatology, 2005Co-Authors: Robert D Christensen, Thomas Havranek, Dale R Gerstmann, Darlene A CalhounAbstract:To reduce feeding intolerance among very low birth weight neonates. A total of 10 neonates with birth weights of 750 to 1250 g were given oral-gastric boluses (2.5 ml/kg every 3 hours) of a solution patterned after amniotic fluid. When milk feedings were begun the milk was mixed with the test solution. The solution was given at a constant daily dose of 20 ml/kg/day while the volumes of milk feedings were gradually increased. When milk feedings reached 80 ml/kg/day the test solution was discontinued. A comparison group consisted of neonates who met study criteria but were cared for during the period immediately preceding the study. The outcome was the number of calories taken Enterally over the first 21 days of life. The test solution was begun an average of 27 hours after birth (range, 4 to 45). In the test group the first milk feedings were introduced 74 hours after birth (range, 18 to 144), which was similar to the time milk was introduced in the comparison subjects (79 hours; range, 18 to 168). After milk feedings were started, the test patients had a total of four NPO days (0.4 NPO days per patient) during their first 21 days, while the comparison group had 34 NPO days (3.4 NPO days per patient). During the first 14 days of life the test solution recipients had a median of 26.5 Enteral cal/kg/day (range, 4.3 to 68.9), while the comparison neonates had 8.5 (range, 0.2 to 25; p<0.05). During the first 21 days of life the test solution recipients had a median of 56.9 Enteral cal/kg/day (range, 11.5 to 89.4), while the comparison neonates had 19.2 (range, 0.9 to 52.8; p<0.05). In all, 10 VLBW infants tolerated the test solution for periods up to 14 days with no significant adverse effects. A randomized trial to determine whether this solution reduces feeding intolerance among VLBW neonates should be conducted.
-
Enteral Administration of a Simulated Amniotic Fluid to Very Low Birth Weight Neonates
Journal of Perinatology, 2005Co-Authors: Robert D Christensen, Thomas Havranek, Dale R Gerstmann, Darlene A CalhounAbstract:To reduce feeding intolerance among very low birth weight neonates. A total of 10 neonates with birth weights of 750 to 1250 g were given oral-gastric boluses (2.5 ml/kg every 3 hours) of a solution patterned after amniotic fluid. When milk feedings were begun the milk was mixed with the test solution. The solution was given at a constant daily dose of 20 ml/kg/day while the volumes of milk feedings were gradually increased. When milk feedings reached 80 ml/kg/day the test solution was discontinued. A comparison group consisted of neonates who met study criteria but were cared for during the period immediately preceding the study. The outcome was the number of calories taken Enterally over the first 21 days of life. The test solution was begun an average of 27 hours after birth (range, 4 to 45). In the test group the first milk feedings were introduced 74 hours after birth (range, 18 to 144), which was similar to the time milk was introduced in the comparison subjects (79 hours; range, 18 to 168). After milk feedings were started, the test patients had a total of four NPO days (0.4 NPO days per patient) during their first 21 days, while the comparison group had 34 NPO days (3.4 NPO days per patient). During the first 14 days of life the test solution recipients had a median of 26.5 Enteral cal/kg/day (range, 4.3 to 68.9), while the comparison neonates had 8.5 (range, 0.2 to 25; p
-
stability of filgrastim and epoetin alfa in a system designed for Enteral Administration in neonates
Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2000Co-Authors: Darlene A Calhoun, Sandra E Juul, Eric V Mcbryde, Mark Veerman, Robert D ChristensenAbstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the stability of recombinant granulocyte colony—stimulating factor (rG-CSF, filgrastim) and recombinant erythropoietin (rEpo, epoetin alfa) in a solution designed for Enteral Administration in the neonatal intensive care unit.DESIGN:Filgrastim and epoetin alfa were added to a solution with NaCl 0.9%, sodium acetate, potassium chloride, and human albumin in concentrations designed to mimic human amniotic fluid. Additionally, the solution was dripped through polyvinyl chloride feeding tubes to simulate feedings, and aliquots were collected before, during, and after priming of the tube. Other aliquots were either frozen immediately, stored at room temperature, or refrigerated for 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Filgrastim and epoetin alfa concentrations in the various aliquots were compared with the concentrations in the original solution.RESULTS:Filgrastim and epoetin alfa concentrations were stable for at least 24 hours when refrigerated and for at least three weeks ...
-
Enteral Administration of recombinant erythropoietin to preterm infants.
Journal of Perinatology, 1995Co-Authors: Britton, Robert D ChristensenAbstract:In six preterm infants we tested the hypothesis that, as is the case in infant rats, orally administered recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) would be absorbed and would stimulate erythropoiesis. Three study subjects were younger than 1 week old and had never been fed and three were more than 1 month old and were receiving Enteral feedings totally. Two hours after the Administration of large doses of EPO (1000 U/kg body weight) only a small increase in serum EPO concentrations (from 6.3 +/- 0.9 to 13.3 +/- 2.8 mU/ml, mean +/- SEM) was observed. No further increases were observed 4, 6, 12, or 24 hours after the Administration. No increases in reticulocyte count or hematocrit were observed after 10 days of EPO Administration. We conclude that, unlike the situation in infant rats, Enterally administered recombinant EPO is not absorbed in significant amounts by human preterm infants. Therefore oral Administration will not be an effective substitute for subcutaneous or intravenous EPO Administration in preterm infants.
Wim J E Tissing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
continuous Enteral Administration can overcome the limited capacity to absorb glucose in rats with methotrexate induced gastrointestinal mucositis
Supportive Care in Cancer, 2013Co-Authors: Margot Fijlstra, Edmond H H M Rings, Theo H Van Dijk, Torsten Plosch, Henkjan J Verkade, Wim J E TissingAbstract:Background Patients with chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucositis often suffer from weight loss. It is not well known how to Enterally feed mucositis patients, potentially experiencing malabsorption. Recently, we showed in a rat model of methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis that intestinal absorption of glucose in trace amounts is still intact. We now determined the quantitative capacity to absorb glucose in rats with mucositis, relative to controls.
-
continuous Enteral Administration can enable normal amino acid absorption in rats with methotrexate induced gastrointestinal mucositis
Journal of Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Margot Fijlstra, Henk Schierbeek, Gardi J Voortman, Kristien Dorst, Johannes B Van Goudoever, Edmond H H M Rings, Wim J E TissingAbstract:textabstractIt is unknown what feeding strategy to use during chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucositis, which causes weight loss and possibly malabsorption. To study the absorptive capacity of amino acids during mucositis, we determined the plasma availability of Enterally administered amino acids (AA), their utilization for protein synthesis, and the preferential side of the intestine for AA uptake in rats with and without methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis. Four days after injection with MTX (60 mg/kg) or saline (controls), rats received a primed, continuous dual-isotope infusion (intraduodenal and intravenous) of labeled L-leucine, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, and L-methionine. We collected blood samples, assessed jejunal histology, and determined labeled AA incorporation in proximal and distal small intestinal mucosa, plasma albumin, liver, and thigh muscle. MTX-induced mucositis was confirmed by histology. The median systemic availability of all AA except for leucine was similar in MTX-treated rats and in controls. However, the individual availability of all AA differed substantially within the group of MTX-treated rats, ranging from severely reduced ( 40% of intake in 5 of 9 rats). More AA originating from basolateral uptake than those originating from apical uptake were used for intestinal protein synthesis inMTX-treated rats (≥420%more, P < 0.05). We conclude that continuous Enteral Administration can enable normal AA absorption in rats with MTX-induced mucositis. The intestine prefers basolateral AA uptake to meet its need for AA for protein synthesis during mucositis.
-
su2006 continuous Enteral Administration overcomes the limited capacity to absorb glucose in rats with methotrexate induced gastrointestinal mucositis
Gastroenterology, 2012Co-Authors: Margot Fijlstra, Edmond H H M Rings, Theo H Van Dijk, Torsten Plosch, Henkjan J Verkade, Wim J E TissingAbstract:Background Patients with chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucositis often suffer from weight loss. It is not well known how to Enterally feed mucositis patients, potentially experiencing malabsorption. Recently, we showed in a rat model of methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis that intestinal absorption of glucose in trace amounts is still intact. We now determined the quantitative capacity to absorb glucose in rats with mucositis, relative to controls.
Andrew C Bulmer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
bile pigment pharmacokinetics and absorption in the rat therapeutic potential for Enteral Administration
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: Andrew C Bulmer, Jeff S Coombes, Istvan Toth, Joanne T. Blanchfield, Robert G. Fassett, Stephen M TaylorAbstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bilirubin and biliverdin possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and their exogenous Administration protects against the effects of inflammation and trauma in experimental models. Despite the therapeutic potential of bile pigments, little is known about their in vivo parEnteral or Enteral absorption after exogenous Administration. This study investigated the absorption and pharmacokinetics of bile pigments after i.v., i.p. and intraduodenal (i.d.) Administration in addition to their metabolism and routes of excretion. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Anaesthetized Wistar rats had their bile duct, jugular and portal veins cannulated. Bile pigments were infused and their circulating concentrations/biliary excretion were measured over 180 min. KEY RESULTS After i.v. Administration of unconjugated bilirubin, biliverdin and bilirubin ditaurate, their plasma concentrations decreased exponentially over time. Subsequently, native and metabolized compounds appeared in the bile. When administered i.p., their absolute bioavailabilities equalled 14.0, 16.1 and 33.1%, respectively, and correspondingly 38, 28 and 34% of the same bile pigment doses were excreted in the bile. Administration of unconjugated bilirubin and bilirubin ditaurate i.d. increased their portal and systemic concentrations and their systemic bioavailability equalled 1.0 and 2.0%, respectively. Correspondingly, 2.7 and 4.6%, of the doses were excreted in the bile. Biliverdin was rapidly metabolized and these products were absorbed and excreted via the urine and bile. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Bile pigment absorption from the peritoneal and duodenal cavities demonstrate new routes of Administration for the treatment of inflammatory and traumatic pathology. Oral biliverdin Administration may lead to the production of active metabolite that protect from inflammation/complement activation.
-
pharmacokinetics of a c5a receptor antagonist in the rat after different sites of Enteral Administration
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Michael Morgan, Andrew C Bulmer, Stephen M Taylor, Trent M Woodruff, Lavinia M Proctor, Hua M Williams, Shelli Z Stocks, Sandra Pollitt, Ian A ShielsAbstract:Pharmacokinetics of the orally active, cyclic peptide complement factor C5a receptor antagonist, AcF-[OP(d-Cha)WR] (PMX53) were determined in the rat. Biliary excretion of the unchanged drug was a major route of elimination after intravenous Administration, but not following oral Administration. Portal and peripheral blood levels of PMX53 were determined after oral Administration or direct injection into the ileum, colon or local Administration into the rectum. PMX53 was rapidly absorbed from mucosal sites, with peak plasma levels occurring as early as 5 min post-Administration. Early portal blood levels were consistently higher than peripheral levels following ileal, colonic and rectal Administration, but not after oral dosing. The results suggest that hepatic elimination occurs rapidly with higher (≥100 ng/ml) peripheral blood levels of the drug. Combination of PMX53 with the excipient chitosan resulted in significantly higher peripheral levels of the drug following ileal and colonic application, but not with buccal or oral Administration. Buccal Administration resulted in a similar plasma pharmacokinetic profile to oral Administration. These results suggest that PMX53 is rapidly absorbed across mucosal membranes in the rat, and that Administration using excipients such as chitosan may offer a method of increasing bioavailability.