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Christos G Athanassiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of Carifend® for the control of stored-product beetles
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2019Co-Authors: Y.z. Paloukas, T. Sterz, J. W. Austin, C. Bozoglou, P. Klitsinaris, Christos I Rumbos, Sebastian Schaffert, P. Agrafioti, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:Abstract In the present study, the effectiveness of Carifend® (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany), an alpha-cypermethrin-coated net, was evaluated in laboratory tests against major stored-product insects. The insecticide-treated net was adjusted at the bottom of plastic petri dishes, and adult insects were placed in each dish and exposed for different exposure intervals (1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days), after which mortality and knockdown was measured. The tests were carried out against a wide spectrum of stored-product insects, i.e. Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus zeamais, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Prostephanus truncatus, Rhyzopertha dominica and Cryptolestes ferrugineus. The results showed that O. surinamensis, R. dominica and P. truncatus were highly susceptible to Carifend®, as complete control was achieved for all three species, after 5, 14 and 5 days, respectively. Regarding Sitophilus species, S. zeamais was the most tolerant species, as mortality levels did not exceed 46%, even after 14 days of exposure. In contrast, S. oryzae and S. granarius mortality was >98% after 14 days of exposure. So far, Carifend® has been registered in many parts of the world for the protection of stored tobacco against major tobacco pests, i.e. Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella. However, our results clearly indicate that this net can be used effectively for the control of other stored-product insects that infest durable food, such as grains and related amylaceous commodities.
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factors affecting field performance of pheromone traps for tobacco beetle lasioderma serricorne and tobacco moth Ephestia elutella
Journal of Pest Science, 2018Co-Authors: Christos G Athanassiou, Daniel P Bray, David Hall, Charles Phillips, Thomas N VassilakosAbstract:Tobacco beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), is one of the most serious insect pests of stored tobacco, and traps baited with the female-produced sex pheromone, serricornin, are used for monitoring the pest. In two trapping experiments carried out in tobacco warehouses in Greece, two commercially available trap and lure systems for L. serricorne were found to be equally effective in terms of the numbers of beetles trapped. In contrast to previous reports, anhydroserricornin was unattractive and lures containing serricornin and anhydroserricornin were less attractive than lures containing serricornin only. The sex pheromone of the other main insect pest of tobacco, Ephestia elutella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), could be added to the lures without affecting the attractiveness of either pheromone to their respective species. Lures remained attractive for at least 4 weeks under field conditions, and, in laboratory tests, release of pheromone could still be detected after 30 days at 27 °C. The stereoisomeric composition of the serricornin in the two commercial lures was similar with high proportions of the attractive (4S,6S,7S)-isomer. The proportion of the (4S,6S,7R)-isomer was low, and this is known to reduce the attractiveness.
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evaluation of carifend an alpha cypermethrin coated polyester net for the control of lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella in stored tobacco
Journal of Pest Science, 2018Co-Authors: Christos I Rumbos, Makiko Sakka, T. Sterz, J. W. Austin, C. Bozoglou, P. Klitsinaris, Sebastian Schaffert, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:The use of insecticide-treated nets has lately attracted scientific interest for the management of mosquitoes and related species, as well as for crop pest control and the protection of stored agricultural commodities. In our study, the effect of Carifend®, an alpha-cypermethrin-coated polyester net, on adults of the two most important stored-tobacco insect pests, Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella, was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Carifend® was applied to the bottom of plastic Petri dishes, whereas an additional series of dishes with net material without insecticide was also prepared and served as control. Twenty beetles or moths of mixed sex were placed in each dish. Insects were exposed to the substrates for 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 min and for 12 and 24 h. Immediate mortality and knockdown effect were measured after each exposure. Afterward, all surviving individuals were placed in untreated plastic dishes and delayed mortality, as well as percentage of knocked down insects, were counted after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Immediate mortality was very low for both species tested, even after 24 h of exposure. In contrast, immediate knockdown was high, especially for exposure intervals longer than 60 min. After insect removal from dishes with Carifend®, the high knockdown percentages were gradually transformed in most cases to delayed mortality. Based on our results, Carifend® can provide a satisfactory level of protection for stored tobacco against these two major tobacco insect pests, at least at the conditions tested here.
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Evaluation of Carifend ® , an alpha-cypermethrin-coated polyester net, for the control of Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella in stored tobacco
Journal of Pest Science, 2018Co-Authors: Christos I Rumbos, Makiko Sakka, T. Sterz, J. W. Austin, C. Bozoglou, P. Klitsinaris, Sebastian Schaffert, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:The use of insecticide-treated nets has lately attracted scientific interest for the management of mosquitoes and related species, as well as for crop pest control and the protection of stored agricultural commodities. In our study, the effect of Carifend®, an alpha-cypermethrin-coated polyester net, on adults of the two most important stored-tobacco insect pests, Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella, was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Carifend® was applied to the bottom of plastic Petri dishes, whereas an additional series of dishes with net material without insecticide was also prepared and served as control. Twenty beetles or moths of mixed sex were placed in each dish. Insects were exposed to the substrates for 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 min and for 12 and 24 h. Immediate mortality and knockdown effect were measured after each exposure. Afterward, all surviving individuals were placed in untreated plastic dishes and delayed mortality, as well as percentage of knocked down insects, were counted after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Immediate mortality was very low for both species tested, even after 24 h of exposure. In contrast, immediate knockdown was high, especially for exposure intervals longer than 60 min. After insect removal from dishes with Carifend®, the high knockdown percentages were gradually transformed in most cases to delayed mortality. Based on our results, Carifend® can provide a satisfactory level of protection for stored tobacco against these two major tobacco insect pests, at least at the conditions tested here.
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Evaluation of Carifend®, an alpha-cypermethrin-coated polyester net, for the control of Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella in stored tobacco
Journal of Pest Science, 2018Co-Authors: Christos I Rumbos, Makiko Sakka, T. Sterz, J. W. Austin, C. Bozoglou, P. Klitsinaris, Sebastian Schaffert, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:© 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. The use of insecticide-treated nets has lately attracted scientific interest for the management of mosquitoes and related species, as well as for crop pest control and the protection of stored agricultural commodities. In our study, the effect of Carifend®, an alpha-cypermethrin-coated polyester net, on adults of the two most important stored-tobacco insect pests, Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella, was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Carifend®was applied to the bottom of plastic Petri dishes, whereas an additional series of dishes with net material without insecticide was also prepared and served as control. Twenty beetles or moths of mixed sex were placed in each dish. Insects were exposed to the substrates for 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 min and for 12 and 24 h. Immediate mortality and knockdown effect were measured after each exposure. Afterward, all surviving individuals were placed in untreated plastic dishes and delayed mortality, as well as percentage of knocked down insects, were counted after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Immediate mortality was very low for both species tested, even after 24 h of exposure. In contrast, immediate knockdown was high, especially for exposure intervals longer than 60 min. After insect removal from dishes with Carifend®, the high knockdown percentages were gradually transformed in most cases to delayed mortality. Based on our results, Carifend®can provide a satisfactory level of protection for stored tobacco against these two major tobacco insect pests, at least at the conditions tested here.
Andreas Köhler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EFEITO DE INSETICIDAS UTILIZADOS NA CULTURA DO TABACO SOBRE HABROBRACON HEBETOR (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), PARASITOIDE DE Ephestia elutella (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
2016Co-Authors: Patricia Kumm, Cleder Pezzini, Andreas KöhlerAbstract:Os metodos atualmente utilizados no controle de insetos praga na cultura do tabaco convencional se baseiam, principalmente, na utilizacao de agroquimicos, devido a facilidade na aplicacao, rapidez de acao e economia. Entretanto, esse metodo apresenta uma serie de desvantagens, nessa circunstância, o controle biologico possui um papel fundamental com uma alternativa na reducao do uso de agrotoxicos. Ephestia elutella Hubner, 1796 e uma das pragas mais importantes do tabaco armazenado, causando perdas na qualidade e peso do produto, seu inimigo natural e o ectoparasitoide Habrobracon hebetor Say, 1836. A importância da preservacao desse inimigo natural no ecossistema agricola, juntamente com a necessidade do uso de inseticidas seletivos no manejo de pragas, levou a estudos de compatibilidade entre as formas de controle. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos principais inseticidas utilizados na cultura do tabaco, sobre H. hebetor . Para observar o efeito dos inseticidas no parasitoide se utilizou tres produtos (EVIDENCE ® 700 WG, CONFIDOR ® SUPRA e TALSTAR ® 100 EC). Com o intuito de analisar a taxa de mortalidade do parasitoide se utilizou como base a dose comercial indicada para o controle dos insetos praga do tabaco, mensurando uma concentracao dez vezes mais forte, alem de diluicoes (10, 100, 1.000, 10.000, 100.000 vezes), para observar efeitos letais e subletais. As doses foram aplicadas no interior de placas de Petri, onde apos foram inseridas dez femeas adultas (
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efeito de inseticidas utilizados na cultura do tabaco sobre habrobracon hebetor hymenoptera braconidae parasitoide de Ephestia elutella lepidoptera pyralidae
Seminário de Iniciação Científica, 2016Co-Authors: Patricia Kumm, Cleder Pezzini, Andreas KöhlerAbstract:Os metodos atualmente utilizados no controle de insetos praga na cultura do tabaco convencional se baseiam, principalmente, na utilizacao de agroquimicos, devido a facilidade na aplicacao, rapidez de acao e economia. Entretanto, esse metodo apresenta uma serie de desvantagens, nessa circunstância, o controle biologico possui um papel fundamental com uma alternativa na reducao do uso de agrotoxicos. Ephestia elutella Hubner, 1796 e uma das pragas mais importantes do tabaco armazenado, causando perdas na qualidade e peso do produto, seu inimigo natural e o ectoparasitoide Habrobracon hebetor Say, 1836. A importância da preservacao desse inimigo natural no ecossistema agricola, juntamente com a necessidade do uso de inseticidas seletivos no manejo de pragas, levou a estudos de compatibilidade entre as formas de controle. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos principais inseticidas utilizados na cultura do tabaco, sobre H. hebetor . Para observar o efeito dos inseticidas no parasitoide se utilizou tres produtos (EVIDENCE ® 700 WG, CONFIDOR ® SUPRA e TALSTAR ® 100 EC). Com o intuito de analisar a taxa de mortalidade do parasitoide se utilizou como base a dose comercial indicada para o controle dos insetos praga do tabaco, mensurando uma concentracao dez vezes mais forte, alem de diluicoes (10, 100, 1.000, 10.000, 100.000 vezes), para observar efeitos letais e subletais. As doses foram aplicadas no interior de placas de Petri, onde apos foram inseridas dez femeas adultas (<24 h de vida). A avaliacao da mortalidade foi realizada 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas apos a exposicao. Para cada tratamento foram feitas cinco repeticoes. Para avaliar a resposta funcional do parasitoide, femeas adultas (<24 h de vida) ficaram expostas por 24 h aos inseticidas na dose 10 vezes diluida. Apos, cinco femeas que estavam vivas foram transferidas individualmente para placas de Petri contendo diferentes densidades de Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (5, 10, 15, 30 e 60 larvas). Apos 24 h foi contabilizado o numero de larvas paralisadas. Depois de 72 horas de exposicao dos parasitoides aos inseticidas na dose comercial, observou-se um efeito nocivo medio de Evidence e Confidor sobre as vespas, com mortalidade entre 56% e 46% respectivamente, e para Talstar de 18%. Na dose dez vezes mais forte, a porcentagem de mortalidade foi extremamente alta ja nas primeiras seis horas, chegando a 94% (Evidence) e 86% (Confidor), apos 72 horas, ja a taxa de mortalidade sobre o efeito de Talstar nao se diferenciou da concentracao comercial. Nao foi observado nenhum efeito dos inseticidas sobre a mortalidade do parasitoide nas doses diluidas (inocuo). Apos a realizacao do experimento avaliando a resposta funcional do parasitoide na busca do hospedeiro, pode-se concluir que H. hebetor apresenta uma resposta funcional do Tipo II, verificando-se, alem disso, que os tres inseticidas nao alteraram o tipo de resposta, mostrando que as femeas sao capazes de paralisar altas densidades de larvas independente do contato com os inseticidas. Sendo assim, a escolha do principio ativo e dosagem de um inseticida para o controle de pragas no ambiente agricola sao fundamentais tanto para o controle dos insetos praga bem como para a preservacao dos agentes de controle natural, devendo ser feita de maneira cautelosa, visando a preservacao desses inimigos naturais no ecossistema, contribuindo assim, para o sucesso do controle biologico.
Christos I Rumbos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of Carifend® for the control of stored-product beetles
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2019Co-Authors: Y.z. Paloukas, T. Sterz, J. W. Austin, C. Bozoglou, P. Klitsinaris, Christos I Rumbos, Sebastian Schaffert, P. Agrafioti, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:Abstract In the present study, the effectiveness of Carifend® (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany), an alpha-cypermethrin-coated net, was evaluated in laboratory tests against major stored-product insects. The insecticide-treated net was adjusted at the bottom of plastic petri dishes, and adult insects were placed in each dish and exposed for different exposure intervals (1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days), after which mortality and knockdown was measured. The tests were carried out against a wide spectrum of stored-product insects, i.e. Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus zeamais, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Prostephanus truncatus, Rhyzopertha dominica and Cryptolestes ferrugineus. The results showed that O. surinamensis, R. dominica and P. truncatus were highly susceptible to Carifend®, as complete control was achieved for all three species, after 5, 14 and 5 days, respectively. Regarding Sitophilus species, S. zeamais was the most tolerant species, as mortality levels did not exceed 46%, even after 14 days of exposure. In contrast, S. oryzae and S. granarius mortality was >98% after 14 days of exposure. So far, Carifend® has been registered in many parts of the world for the protection of stored tobacco against major tobacco pests, i.e. Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella. However, our results clearly indicate that this net can be used effectively for the control of other stored-product insects that infest durable food, such as grains and related amylaceous commodities.
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evaluation of carifend an alpha cypermethrin coated polyester net for the control of lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella in stored tobacco
Journal of Pest Science, 2018Co-Authors: Christos I Rumbos, Makiko Sakka, T. Sterz, J. W. Austin, C. Bozoglou, P. Klitsinaris, Sebastian Schaffert, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:The use of insecticide-treated nets has lately attracted scientific interest for the management of mosquitoes and related species, as well as for crop pest control and the protection of stored agricultural commodities. In our study, the effect of Carifend®, an alpha-cypermethrin-coated polyester net, on adults of the two most important stored-tobacco insect pests, Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella, was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Carifend® was applied to the bottom of plastic Petri dishes, whereas an additional series of dishes with net material without insecticide was also prepared and served as control. Twenty beetles or moths of mixed sex were placed in each dish. Insects were exposed to the substrates for 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 min and for 12 and 24 h. Immediate mortality and knockdown effect were measured after each exposure. Afterward, all surviving individuals were placed in untreated plastic dishes and delayed mortality, as well as percentage of knocked down insects, were counted after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Immediate mortality was very low for both species tested, even after 24 h of exposure. In contrast, immediate knockdown was high, especially for exposure intervals longer than 60 min. After insect removal from dishes with Carifend®, the high knockdown percentages were gradually transformed in most cases to delayed mortality. Based on our results, Carifend® can provide a satisfactory level of protection for stored tobacco against these two major tobacco insect pests, at least at the conditions tested here.
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Evaluation of Carifend ® , an alpha-cypermethrin-coated polyester net, for the control of Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella in stored tobacco
Journal of Pest Science, 2018Co-Authors: Christos I Rumbos, Makiko Sakka, T. Sterz, J. W. Austin, C. Bozoglou, P. Klitsinaris, Sebastian Schaffert, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:The use of insecticide-treated nets has lately attracted scientific interest for the management of mosquitoes and related species, as well as for crop pest control and the protection of stored agricultural commodities. In our study, the effect of Carifend®, an alpha-cypermethrin-coated polyester net, on adults of the two most important stored-tobacco insect pests, Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella, was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Carifend® was applied to the bottom of plastic Petri dishes, whereas an additional series of dishes with net material without insecticide was also prepared and served as control. Twenty beetles or moths of mixed sex were placed in each dish. Insects were exposed to the substrates for 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 min and for 12 and 24 h. Immediate mortality and knockdown effect were measured after each exposure. Afterward, all surviving individuals were placed in untreated plastic dishes and delayed mortality, as well as percentage of knocked down insects, were counted after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Immediate mortality was very low for both species tested, even after 24 h of exposure. In contrast, immediate knockdown was high, especially for exposure intervals longer than 60 min. After insect removal from dishes with Carifend®, the high knockdown percentages were gradually transformed in most cases to delayed mortality. Based on our results, Carifend® can provide a satisfactory level of protection for stored tobacco against these two major tobacco insect pests, at least at the conditions tested here.
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Evaluation of Carifend®, an alpha-cypermethrin-coated polyester net, for the control of Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella in stored tobacco
Journal of Pest Science, 2018Co-Authors: Christos I Rumbos, Makiko Sakka, T. Sterz, J. W. Austin, C. Bozoglou, P. Klitsinaris, Sebastian Schaffert, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:© 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. The use of insecticide-treated nets has lately attracted scientific interest for the management of mosquitoes and related species, as well as for crop pest control and the protection of stored agricultural commodities. In our study, the effect of Carifend®, an alpha-cypermethrin-coated polyester net, on adults of the two most important stored-tobacco insect pests, Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella, was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Carifend®was applied to the bottom of plastic Petri dishes, whereas an additional series of dishes with net material without insecticide was also prepared and served as control. Twenty beetles or moths of mixed sex were placed in each dish. Insects were exposed to the substrates for 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 min and for 12 and 24 h. Immediate mortality and knockdown effect were measured after each exposure. Afterward, all surviving individuals were placed in untreated plastic dishes and delayed mortality, as well as percentage of knocked down insects, were counted after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Immediate mortality was very low for both species tested, even after 24 h of exposure. In contrast, immediate knockdown was high, especially for exposure intervals longer than 60 min. After insect removal from dishes with Carifend®, the high knockdown percentages were gradually transformed in most cases to delayed mortality. Based on our results, Carifend®can provide a satisfactory level of protection for stored tobacco against these two major tobacco insect pests, at least at the conditions tested here.
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Effect of nitrogen in combination with elevated temperatures on insects, microbes and organoleptic characteristics of stored currants
Journal of Pest Science, 2017Co-Authors: Christos G Athanassiou, Makiko Sakka, Christos I Rumbos, A. Chiou, V. Sotiroudas, E. K. Nikolidaki, E. A. Panagopoulou, A. Kouvelas, E. Katechaki, V. T. KarathanosAbstract:In the present study, the effect of nitrogen, applied as a controlled atmosphere treatment on the microbial and entomological loads, as well as on the organoleptic characteristics of stored dried currants (Corinthian raisins, Vitis vinifera L. var. Apyrena ), was investigated. Trials were conducted under “real world” conditions, in the nitrogen chambers of a commercial facility, in which nitrogen was introduced by using an incorporated nitrogen generator. Prior to the initiation of the trial, chambers were filled with pallets carrying dried black currants. Subsequently, currants were artificially infected with all life stages of Tribolium confusum , eggs and larvae of Ephestia elutella and adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis . Currants were exposed for 3 days in nitrogen (O_2 concentration
Ch Reichmuth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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uberlebensdauer von eiern der vorratsschadlichen motten Ephestia cautella wlk und Ephestia elutella hbn lepidoptera pyraloidea bei temperaturen unterhalb ihres entwicklungsminimums1
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: H. H. Stratil, Ch ReichmuthAbstract:Longevity of eggs of stored products moths Ephestia cautella (Wlk.) and Ephestia elutella (Hbn.) (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) at temperatures below their hatching threshold Exposure times at temperatures between +1 and 14 °C were determined to kill eggs of Ephestia cautella and E. elutella. The hatching threshold depended on age of the eggs and ranged for both species between 10 °C and 14 °C. Eggs of E. elutella survived below this threshold longer than eggs of E. cautella. Survival time of both species depended on age of eggs as well as on temperature; middle-aged eggs survived at 5 °C even longer than at higher temperatures. For the control of eggs of various ages the temperature range between 8 °C and 10 °C prooved to be suited, eggs of E. cautella and E. elutella which hat not grown older than 5 days at 20 °C, could be killed within 15 or 30 days, respectively. Zusammenfassung Es wurde untersucht, durch welche Kalteeinwirkzeiten bei Temperaturen zwischen 1° und 14°C Eier von Ephestia cautella und E. elutella abgetotet werden konnen. Der Grenzwert, bis zu dem die Eier sich zu Larven weiterentwickelten, war vom Eialter bei Kuhlbeginn abhangig und lag fur beide Arten etwa zwischen 10° und 14°C. Eier von E. elutella uberlebten unterhalb dieses Grenzwertes langer als Eier von E. cautella. Die Uberlebensdauer beider Arten war dabei abhangig sowohl vom Eialter als auch von der Kuhltemperatur, wobei Eier mittleren Alters bei ca. 5°C sogar langer uberlebten als bei hoheren Temperaturen. Fur die Abtotung der Eier verschiedenen Alters erwies sich der Temperaturbereich von 8° bis 10°C als gut geeignet; Eier von E. cautella und E. elutella, die bei 20°C nicht alter als 5 Tage waren, konnten innerhalb von 15 bzw. 30 Tagen abgetotet werden.
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lethal effects of sulfuryl fluoride on eggs of different ages and other life stages of the warehouse moth Ephestia elutella hubner
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2009Co-Authors: D Baltaci, D Klementz, B Gerowitt, M Drinkall, Ch ReichmuthAbstract:Abstract Sulfuryl fluoride (SF) is a fumigant used for the control of stored-product pest insects and is a feasible alternative to some uses of methyl bromide. SF was first registered in Germany in 2004 for disinfestation of emptied flourmills, emptied food storages and dried fruit. One- to 4-day-old eggs, larvae and pupae of the warehouse moth, Ephestia elutella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera) were investigated for their susceptibility to SF under different conditions. Each life stage was exposed for 18 h, 24 h or 48 h, to 11.6 g/m3 or 21.3 g/m3 at 15 °C, 20 °C or 25 °C and 65% relative humidity. A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used to determine the concentrations of SF. Within 18 h of exposure, all larvae and pupae of E. elutella died at 11.6 g/m3 at all three temperatures. The 1 and 2- day-old eggs were generally more susceptible, whereas the 3 and 4-day-old eggs were more tolerant to the SF treatment. All eggs of all ages were controlled within 48 h of exposure to the concentration of 21.3 ± 1.3 g/m3 at temperatures of 20 °C and 25 °C.
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Wirksamkeit des Kieselgurpräparates Dryacide^® gegen vorratsschädliche Insekten
Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz, 1997Co-Authors: Brigitte Trewin, Ch ReichmuthAbstract:The diatomaceous earth (DE) Dryacide^® was tested under laboratory conditions on surfaces (2 g DE/m^2) and in wheat grain (3 kg DE/t wheat) at a relative humidity of 70±5% and a temperature of 22±1°C. The wheat had a moisture content of 14.5%. The effect of surface treatments was tested on Ephestia kuehniella, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tenebrio molitor and Tribolium castaneum . The efficacy of grain treatments was determined using Ephestia elutella, O. surinamensis, Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium confusum . In both treatments adult and larval stages were included. 100% mortality were reached with the surface treatments in adults and larvae of O. surinamensis and the adults of T. molitor and E. kuehniella after an exposition time of 3–9 days. Against T. castaneum and the larvae of T. molitor and E. kuehniella no complete control could be achieved. In the grain treatments the dosage of 3 kg DE/t wheat reached 100% mortality in all tested pests except S. granarius . Most sensitive were O. surinamensis and E. elutella . In T. confusum the adults died within 13 days of treatment, but for complete control of the larvae 13 weeks were necessary. Against S. granarius the silica dust showed no satisfactory efficacy, because 49 days after beginning of the examinations beetles of the progeny hatched. Dryacide^® could not prevent the reproduction of the granary weevil, but there was a lower number of progeny compared to the untreated control.
C H Bell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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time concentration and temperature relationships for phosphine activity in tests on diapausing larvae of Ephestia elutella hubner lepidoptera pyralidae
Pesticide Science, 1992Co-Authors: C H BellAbstract:The activity of phosphine against diapausing larvae of Ephestia elutella was shown to depend on several different interactions of duration of exposure, temperature and gas concentration. Using the model proposed by Knight, (CC0) × (tt0) = k, a constant for mortality, the minimum effective concentration C0 was raised and the minimum effective exposure t0 extended as temperatures were increased. The effect of temperature on these thresholds was reduced at higher mortality levels. A range of concentration levels, influenced by temperature, elicited an increase in tolerance at the LD99 level over that evident at higher or lower concentrations. These concentration ranges were 0.9–2-1 mg litre-1at 25°C,0.7–2.3 mg litre-1 at 20°C and 0.1–1.5 mg litre-1 at 15°C. A mathematical model was fitted to relate concentration and time thresholds, mortality and temperature. At the LD50 level, values for t0 ranged from 2.5 h at 15°C to 5.0 h at 25°C. C0 values increased from about 0.6 to 7.0 μg litre-1 over this temperature range. At the LD99 level, t0 values ranged from 21 to 28 h and C0 values from 11 to 19 μg litre-1. Phosphine appeared most effective at each temperature at concentrations from about 40 to 60–100 μg litre-1.
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diapause and cold tolerance of larvae of Ephestia elutella
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1991Co-Authors: C H BellAbstract:Abstract Larvae of the warehouse moth Ephestia elutella were exposed to low temperatures within the range of +5°C to −10°C after different procedures of acclimation. Diapausing larvae of E. elutella were highly tolerant of low temperature exposure, requiring 4 weeks at −10°C or 12 weeks at −5°C for control. Non-diapausing larvae were much less tolerant but able to survive several weeks at O°C and up to 2 weeks at −5°C. Accelerating the rate of temperature fall during acclimation increased the effectiveness of low temperatures in achieving kill. A 12-week exposure to a temperature cycling between 0 and −5°C caused little mortality. The survivors of low-temperature exposure emerged faster and with increased synchrony over those in control batches. To achieve control in practice, temperatures need to be reduced to well below −5°C for several weeks and to avoid insect acclimation, the fall needs to be rapid.