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Sidney J. Segalowitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adverse childhood experiences are associated with self-regulation and the magnitude of the Error-Related Negativity difference.
Biological psychology, 2018Co-Authors: Christine L. Lackner, Diane L. Santesso, Jane Dywan, Deborah D. O’leary, Terrance J. Wade, Sidney J. SegalowitzAbstract:Abstract Trauma and stress, like that which occurs as a result of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), can change brain structure and function, especially in medial prefrontal and hippocampal areas, and can impact self-regulatory skill. The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) is a medial frontal negative event-related potential (ERP) component that is more negative when a participant makes an erroneous versus correct response. We investigated the association of ACEs to adolescents’ ERN and self-regulation. Forty-three 12–15 year olds performed a flanker task while EEG data were recorded. We found an interaction between trial type (correct vs incorrect) and group (low, medium and high trauma groups) on the ERN. The high-trauma group showed a larger Error-Correct difference than the low- and medium-trauma groups. This appeared as trend correlations between overall trauma exposure as a continuous variable and ERN-related variables. Trauma exposure was associated with reduced self-regulatory capacity, and accounting for self-regulation decreased the associations between trauma and the ERN, suggestive of a protective effect for self-regulation.
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Implications of ongoing neural development for the measurement of the Error-Related Negativity in childhood.
Developmental science, 2014Co-Authors: David Dupuis, Sidney J. Segalowitz, Nilam Ram, Cynthia J. Willner, Sarah L. Karalunas, Lisa M. Gatzke-koppAbstract:Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been proposed as biomarkers capable of reflecting individual differences in neural processing not necessarily detectable at the behavioral level. However, the role of ERPs in developmental research could be hampered by current methodological approaches to quantification. ERPs are extracted as an average waveform over many trials; however, actual amplitudes would be misrepresented by an average if there was high trial-to-trial variability in signal latency. Low signal temporal consistency is thought to be a characteristic of immature neural systems, although consistency is not routinely measured in ERP research. The present study examined the differential contributions of signal strength and temporal consistency across trials in the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) in 6-year-old children, as well as the developmental changes that occur in these measures. The 234 children were assessed annually in kindergarten, 1st, and 2nd grade. At all assessments signal strength and temporal consistency were highly correlated with the average ERN amplitude, and were not correlated with each other. Consistent with previous findings, ERN deflections in the averaged waveform increased with age. This was found to be a function of developmental increases in signal temporal consistency, whereas signal strength showed a significant decline across this time period. In addition, average ERN amplitudes showed low-to-moderate stability across the three assessments whereas signal strength was highly stable. In contrast, signal temporal consistency did not evidence rank-order stability across these ages. Signal strength appears to reflect a stable individual trait whereas developmental changes in temporal consistency may be experientially influenced.
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The Error-Related Negativity is related to risk taking and empathy in young men
Psychophysiology, 2008Co-Authors: Diane L. Santesso, Sidney J. SegalowitzAbstract:We related self-report measures of risk taking and empathy to the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) elicited during a flanker task in boys in late adolescence. We found that risk propensity (risk taking, sensation seeking, and sensitivity to reward) and empathy related to ERN amplitude (negatively and positively, respectively) but not to each other or to behavioral measures of response time, accuracy, and post-error slowing. They accounted for separate sources of variance in the ERN amplitude, suggesting that there are multiple routes to activation of its generator in the anterior cingulate. Impulsivity and sensitivity to punishment were unrelated to the ERN. The present study provides support that risk-taking traits and empathy affect anterior cingulate responsiveness to errors, and the ERN reflects the influence of the extent of individuals' concern with the outcome of events.
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The Error-Related Negativity as a state and trait measure: motivation, personality, and ERPs in response to errors.
Psychophysiology, 2004Co-Authors: Patricia E. Pailing, Sidney J. SegalowitzAbstract:This study examines changes in the Error-Related Negativity (ERN/Ne) related to motivational incentives and personality traits. ERPs were gathered while adults completed a four-choice letter task during four motivational conditions. Monetary incentives for finger and hand accuracy were altered across motivation conditions to either be equal or favor one type of accuracy over the other in a 3:1 ratio. Larger ERN/Ne amplitudes were predicted with increased incentives, with personality moderating this effect. Results were as expected: Individuals higher on conscientiousness displayed smaller motivation-related changes in the ERN/Ne. Similarly, those low on neuroticism had smaller effects, with the effect of Conscientiousness absent after accounting for Neuroticism. These results emphasize an emotional/evaluative function for the ERN/Ne, and suggest that the ability to selectively invest in error monitoring is moderated by underlying personality.
Greg Hajcak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A brief, computerized intervention targeting error sensitivity reduces the Error-Related Negativity
Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Alexandria Meyer, Brittany Gibby, Julia Klawohn, Karl Wissemann, Greg Hajcak, Norman B. SchmidtAbstract:Research has identified the neural response to errors (the Error-Related Negativity; ERN) as a marker of current anxiety, as well as risk for future anxiety. Previous work found that traditional cognitive behavioral therapy approaches do not impact the ERN. However, none of these approaches directly target the psychological constructs linked to an increased ERN (e.g., error sensitivity). In the current study, we examine the extent to which a brief, computerized intervention (“Treating the ERN”; i.e., TERN) might impact the ERN by reducing error sensitivity. Results suggest that TERN reduced the ERN and that the impact of the intervention was larger amongst individuals with an increased baseline ERN. This study is an important first step in the development of a novel intervention approach that directly targets error sensitivity, and thereby the ERN.
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Do sensorimotor perturbations to standing balance elicit an Error-Related Negativity?
Psychophysiology, 2019Co-Authors: Aiden M. Payne, Lena H. Ting, Greg HajcakAbstract:Detecting and correcting errors is essential to successful action. Studies on response monitoring have examined scalp ERPs following the commission of motor slips in speeded-response tasks, focusing on a frontocentral Negativity (i.e., Error-Related Negativity or ERN). Sensorimotor neurophysiologists investigating cortical monitoring of reactive balance recovery behavior observe a strikingly similar pattern of scalp ERPs following externally imposed postural errors, including a brief frontocentral Negativity that has been referred to as the balance N1. We integrate and review relevant literature from these discrepant fields to suggest shared underlying mechanisms and potential benefits of collaboration across fields. Unlike the cognitive tasks leveraged to study the ERN, balance perturbations afford precise experimental control of postural errors to elicit balance N1s that are an order of magnitude larger than the ERN and drive robust and well-characterized adaptation of behavior within an experimental session. Many factors that modulate the ERN, including motivation, perceived consequences, perceptual salience, expectation, development, and aging, are likewise known to modulate the balance N1. We propose that the ERN and balance N1 reflect common neural activity for detecting errors. Collaboration across fields could help clarify the functional significance of the ERN and poorly understood interactions between motor and cognitive impairments.
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Unpredictability increases the Error-Related Negativity in children and adolescents.
Brain and cognition, 2017Co-Authors: Brittany C. Speed, Felicia Jackson, Brady D. Nelson, Zachary P. Infantolino, Greg HajcakAbstract:The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) is a response-locked component in the event-related potential observed as a negative deflection 50–100 ms following the commission of an error. An unpredictable context has been shown to potentiate amygdala activity, attentional bias toward threat, and the ERN in adults. However, it is unclear whether the impact of unpredictability on the ERN is also observed in children and adolescents. In a sample of 32 9–17 year-old participants, we examined the influence of a task-irrelevant unpredictable context on neural response to errors. Participants completed a flanker task designed to elicit the ERN, while simultaneously being exposed to task-irrelevant tone sequences with either predictable or unpredictable timing. Unpredictable tones were rated as more anxiety provoking compared to the predictable tones. Fewer errors were made during unpredictable relative to predictable tones. Moreover, the ERN—but not the correct response Negativity (CRN) or stimulus-locked N200—was potentiated during the unpredictable relative to predictable tones. The current study replicates and extends previous findings by demonstrating that an unpredictable context can increase task performance and selectively potentiate the ERN in children and adolescents. ERN magnitude can be modulated by environmental factors suggesting enhanced error processing in unpredictable contexts.
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Additive effects of the dopamine D2 receptor and dopamine transporter genes on the Error-Related Negativity in young children.
Genes brain and behavior, 2012Co-Authors: Alexandria Meyer, Daniel N. Klein, Dana C. Torpey, Autumn Kujawa, Elizabeth P. Hayden, Haroon I. Sheikh, Shiva M. Singh, Greg HajcakAbstract:The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential that occurs approximately 50ms following the commission of an error at fronto-central electrode sites. Previous models suggest dopamine plays a role in the generation of the ERN. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) while 279 children aged 5 to 7 years old completed a simple Go/No-Go task; the ERN was examined in relation to the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes. Results suggest an additive effect of the DRD2 and DAT1 genotype on ERN magnitude such that children with at least one DRD2 A1 allele and children with at least one DAT1 9 allele have an increased (i.e., more negative) ERN. These results provide further support for the involvement of dopamine in the generation of the ERN.
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The Error-Related Negativity relates to sadness following mood induction among individuals with high neuroticism
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Doreen M. Olvet, Greg HajcakAbstract:The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) is an event-related potential (ERP) that indexes error monitoring. Research suggests that the ERN is increased in internalizing disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Although studies indicate that the ERN is insensitive to state-related fluctuations in anxiety, few studies have carefully examined the effect of state-related changes in sadness on the ERN. In the current study, we sought to determine whether the ERN would be altered by a sad mood induction using a between-subjects design. Additionally, we explored if this relationship would be moderated by individual differences in neuroti
Sander L. Koole - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Data on simulated interpersonal touch, individual differences and the Error-Related Negativity.
Data in brief, 2016Co-Authors: Mandy Tjew-a-sin, Mattie Tops, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Sander L. KooleAbstract:The dataset includes data from the electroencephalogram study reported in our paper: ‘Effects of simulated interpersonal touch and trait intrinsic motivation on the Error-Related Negativity’ (doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.044) (Tjew-A-Sin et al., 2016) [1]. The data was collected at the psychology laboratories at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in 2012 among a Dutch-speaking student sample. The dataset consists of the measures described in the paper, as well as additional (exploratory) measures including the Five-Factor Personality Inventory, the Connectedness to Nature Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and a scale measuring life stress. The data can be used for replication purposes, meta-analyses, and exploratory analyses, as well as cross-cultural comparisons of touch and/or ERN effects. The authors also welcome collaborative research based on re-analyses of the data. The data described is available at a data repository called the DANS archive: http://persistent-identifier.nl/?identifier=urn:nbn:nl:ui:13-tzbk-gg.
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Effects of simulated interpersonal touch and trait intrinsic motivation on the Error-Related Negativity
Neuroscience letters, 2016Co-Authors: Mandy Tjew-a-sin, Mattie Tops, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Sander L. KooleAbstract:Abstract The Error-Related Negativity (ERN or Ne) is a negative event-related brain potential that peaks about 20–100 ms after people perform an incorrect response in choice reaction time tasks. Prior research has shown that the ERN may be enhanced by situational and dispositional factors that promote intrinsic motivation. Building on and extending this work the authors hypothesized that simulated interpersonal touch may increase task engagement and thereby increase ERN amplitude. To test this notion, 20 participants performed a Go/No-Go task while holding a teddy bear or a same-sized cardboard box. As expected, the ERN was significantly larger when participants held a teddy bear rather than a cardboard box. This effect was most pronounced for people high (rather than low) in trait intrinsic motivation, who may depend more on intrinsically motivating task cues to maintain task engagement. These findings highlight the potential benefits of simulated interpersonal touch in stimulating attention to errors, especially among people who are intrinsically motivated.
Alexandria Meyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The association between parenting and the Error-Related Negativity across childhood and adolescence.
Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Lyndsey Juliane Chong, Isaac A. Mirzadegan, Alexandria MeyerAbstract:Anxiety is the most common form of psychopathology, and it is often characterized by chronic impairment across the lifespan. Researchers have identified core neural markers that confer risk for anxious outcomes. An increased Error-Related Negativity (ERN) in anxious individuals has been shown to prospectively predict onset of anxiety disorders across development. Hence, it is critical to examine environmental factors that may shape the ERN. In the current study, we use a large sample of 170 female adolescents aged 10-17 to investigate whether the ERN mediates the relationship between parenting style and anxiety diagnostic status. This study replicates previous findings, and it extends previous work by suggesting that this relationship is more robust in young children as compared to adolescents. Interventions targeting the ERN via parenting may be most effective during childhood.
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Controlling parenting and perfectionism is associated with an increased Error-Related Negativity (ERN) in young adults.
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Alexandria Meyer, Karl WissemannAbstract:A substantial amount of research focuses on the Error-Related Negativity (ERN)-a negative deflection in the event-related potential waveform that occurs when individuals commit errors on lab-based tasks. The ERN has been link to concurrent and prospective risk for psychopathology and is thought to index sensitivity or reactivity to errors. The ERN can be potentiated in the lab with punishment and has been shown to be increased among offspring of harsh or controlling parents. A separate line of work has demonstrated that the ERN is increased among individuals high in perfectionism. In the current study, we integrate these separate lines of work by examining parenting styles, perfectionism and the ERN in a sample of young adults. Results suggest that the ERN is increased among offspring of controlling parents (both maternal and paternal). Additionally, the ERN is increased among individuals who report being high in perfectionism-specifically, the concerns over mistake and the personal standard perfectionism subscales of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Moreover, results supported a mediation model wherein the indirect pathway from controlling parenting style to perfectionism (personal standard subscale) was mediated by the ERN-for paternal parenting.
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A brief, computerized intervention targeting error sensitivity reduces the Error-Related Negativity
Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Alexandria Meyer, Brittany Gibby, Julia Klawohn, Karl Wissemann, Greg Hajcak, Norman B. SchmidtAbstract:Research has identified the neural response to errors (the Error-Related Negativity; ERN) as a marker of current anxiety, as well as risk for future anxiety. Previous work found that traditional cognitive behavioral therapy approaches do not impact the ERN. However, none of these approaches directly target the psychological constructs linked to an increased ERN (e.g., error sensitivity). In the current study, we examine the extent to which a brief, computerized intervention (“Treating the ERN”; i.e., TERN) might impact the ERN by reducing error sensitivity. Results suggest that TERN reduced the ERN and that the impact of the intervention was larger amongst individuals with an increased baseline ERN. This study is an important first step in the development of a novel intervention approach that directly targets error sensitivity, and thereby the ERN.
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Understanding the Link between Anxiety and a Neural Marker of Anxiety (The Error-Related Negativity) in 5 to 7 Year-Old Children.
Developmental neuropsychology, 2018Co-Authors: Lyndsey Juliane Chong, Alexandria MeyerAbstract:Despite growing evidence that an elevated Error-Related Negativity (ERN) is a risk marker for anxiety, it is unclear what psychological construct underlies this association. To address this gap, we...
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Developing Psychiatric Biomarkers: a Review Focusing on the Error-Related Negativity as a Biomarker for Anxiety
Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Alexandria MeyerAbstract:Efforts to identify psychiatric biomarkers that confer clinical utility have not yet been as successful as other areas of medicine. The current review evaluates one promising psychiatric biomarker (the Error-Related Negativity (ERN)—a neural index of error processing) in an attempt to outline a roadmap for the development of future biological markers of risk for psychopathology. Integrating suggestions from the Biomarkers Definition Working Group into a framework of psychopathology, with an emphasis on a developmental perspective, we demonstrate that the ERN relates to diagnoses and dimensional anxiety symptoms concurrently—and can predict new onset disorders prospectively. The ERN appears related to a clinically relevant transdiagnostic phenotype (i.e., the tendency to engage in checking behaviors)—and also differentiates anxiety from highly comorbid conditions such as depression. We emphasize the importance of evaluating the psychometric properties of psychiatric biomarkers, in adults and children, pointing out that the ERN displays excellent internal and test-retest reliability across development. Furthermore, we discuss the diagnostic utility of the ERN as well as animal models of error processing that may pave the way for the development of pharmacological interventions. Finally, we raise the possibility that a psychiatric biomarker can serve as a target of treatment, thereby encouraging the development of novel intervention strategies. In the case of the ERN, we discuss the use of attentional training, parenting interventions, and neurostimulation as potential avenues of intervention to alleviate or prevent the onset of anxiety disorders.
Diane L. Santesso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adverse childhood experiences are associated with self-regulation and the magnitude of the Error-Related Negativity difference.
Biological psychology, 2018Co-Authors: Christine L. Lackner, Diane L. Santesso, Jane Dywan, Deborah D. O’leary, Terrance J. Wade, Sidney J. SegalowitzAbstract:Abstract Trauma and stress, like that which occurs as a result of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), can change brain structure and function, especially in medial prefrontal and hippocampal areas, and can impact self-regulatory skill. The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) is a medial frontal negative event-related potential (ERP) component that is more negative when a participant makes an erroneous versus correct response. We investigated the association of ACEs to adolescents’ ERN and self-regulation. Forty-three 12–15 year olds performed a flanker task while EEG data were recorded. We found an interaction between trial type (correct vs incorrect) and group (low, medium and high trauma groups) on the ERN. The high-trauma group showed a larger Error-Correct difference than the low- and medium-trauma groups. This appeared as trend correlations between overall trauma exposure as a continuous variable and ERN-related variables. Trauma exposure was associated with reduced self-regulatory capacity, and accounting for self-regulation decreased the associations between trauma and the ERN, suggestive of a protective effect for self-regulation.
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The Error-Related Negativity is related to risk taking and empathy in young men
Psychophysiology, 2008Co-Authors: Diane L. Santesso, Sidney J. SegalowitzAbstract:We related self-report measures of risk taking and empathy to the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) elicited during a flanker task in boys in late adolescence. We found that risk propensity (risk taking, sensation seeking, and sensitivity to reward) and empathy related to ERN amplitude (negatively and positively, respectively) but not to each other or to behavioral measures of response time, accuracy, and post-error slowing. They accounted for separate sources of variance in the ERN amplitude, suggesting that there are multiple routes to activation of its generator in the anterior cingulate. Impulsivity and sensitivity to punishment were unrelated to the ERN. The present study provides support that risk-taking traits and empathy affect anterior cingulate responsiveness to errors, and the ERN reflects the influence of the extent of individuals' concern with the outcome of events.