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Chenoa A. Flippen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the spatial dynamics of stratification metropolitan context population redistribution and black and hispanic homeownership
Demography, 2010Co-Authors: Chenoa A. FlippenAbstract:Racial and Ethnic Inequality in homeownership remains stubbornly wide, even net of differences across groups in household-level sociodemographic characteristics. This article investigates the role of contextual forces in structuring disparate access to homeownership among minorities. Specifically, I combine household- and metropolitan-level census data to assess the impact of metropolitan housing stock, minority composition, and residential segregation on black and Hispanic housing tenure. The measure of minority composition combines both the size and rate of growth of the coEthnic population to assess the impact on homeownership Inequality of recent trends in population redistribution, particularly the increase in black migration to the South and dramatic dispersal of Hispanics outside traditional areas of settlement. Results indicate remarkable similarity between blacks and Hispanics with respect to the spatial and contextual influences on homeownership. For both groups, homeownership is higher and Inequality with whites is smaller in metropolitan areas with an established coEthnic base and in areas in which their group is less residentially segregated. Implications of recent trends in population redistribution for the future of minority homeownership are discussed.
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racial and Ethnic Inequality in homeownership and housing equity
Sociological Quarterly, 2001Co-Authors: Chenoa A. FlippenAbstract:Wealth Inequality, particularly in housing, has received increased attention in recent years for its importance to racial and Ethnic stratification. Yet, while we know a fair amount about black-white wealth Inequality, many questions remain regarding sources of Hispanic asset Inequality. This article addresses this gap by examining racial and Ethnic Inequality in homeownership and housing equity among the pre-retirement population. Results support a stratification perspective of Inequality for both blacks and Hispanics; even after accounting for numerous life-cycle, resource, and social-psychological considerations, blacks and Hispanics continue to lag significantly behind whites in housing wealth. While Hispanics initially appear better off than blacks with respect to housing, this is largely a function of their more favorable family structure. Important differences between blacks and Hispanics in the main contributors to housing Inequality highlight the need to take a more multiEthnic perspective on wealth stratification.
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pathways to retirement patterns of labor force participation and labor market exit among the pre retirement population by race hispanic origin and sex
Journals of Gerontology Series B-psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2000Co-Authors: Chenoa A. Flippen, Marta TiendaAbstract:Objectives This study examines the pre-retirement labor force participation behavior of Black, White, and Hispanic men and women to determine how patterns of labor market exit differ among groups. Methods We combine data from the first and second waves of the Health and Retirement Study and apply multinomial logit regression techniques to model labor force status in the first wave of the HRS and change over time. Results Black, Hispanic, and female elderly persons experience more involuntary job separation in the years immediately prior to retirement, and the resulting periods of joblessness often eventuate in "retirement" or labor force withdrawal. Minority disadvantage in human capital, health, and employment characteristics accounts for a large part of racial and Ethnic differences in labor force withdrawal. Nevertheless, Black men and Hispanic women experience more involuntary labor market exits than Whites with similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Discussion Workers most vulnerable to labor market difficulties during their youth confront formidable obstacles maintaining their desired level of labor force attachment as they approach their golden years. This has significant policy implications for the contours of gender and race/Ethnic Inequality among elderly persons, particularly as life expectancy and the size of the minority elderly population continue to increase.
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pathways to retirement patterns of labor force participation and labor market exit among the pre retirement population by race hispanic origin and sex
1999Co-Authors: Chenoa A. Flippen, Marta TiendaAbstract:This paper examines the pre-retirement labor force participation behavior of black, white, and Hispanic men and women to determine how patterns of labor market exit differ among groups. We combine data from the first and second waves of the Health and Retirement Study and apply multinomial logit regression techniques to model labor force status in the first wave of the HRS and change over time. Black, Hispanic, and female elderly persons experience more involuntary job separation in the years immediately prior to retirement and the resulting periods of joblessness often eventuate in retirement or labor force withdrawal. Minority disadvantage in human capital, health, and employment characteristics account for a large part of racial and Ethnic differences in labor force withdrawal. Nevertheless, black men and Hispanic women experience more involuntary labor market exits than whites with similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Workers most vulnerable to labor market difficulties during their youth confront formidable obstacles maintaining their desired level of labor force attachment as they approach their golden years. This has significant policy implications for the contours of gender and race/Ethnic Inequality among elderly persons, particularly as life expectancy and the size of the minority elderly population continue to increase.
Marta Tienda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathways to retirement patterns of labor force participation and labor market exit among the pre retirement population by race hispanic origin and sex
Journals of Gerontology Series B-psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2000Co-Authors: Chenoa A. Flippen, Marta TiendaAbstract:Objectives This study examines the pre-retirement labor force participation behavior of Black, White, and Hispanic men and women to determine how patterns of labor market exit differ among groups. Methods We combine data from the first and second waves of the Health and Retirement Study and apply multinomial logit regression techniques to model labor force status in the first wave of the HRS and change over time. Results Black, Hispanic, and female elderly persons experience more involuntary job separation in the years immediately prior to retirement, and the resulting periods of joblessness often eventuate in "retirement" or labor force withdrawal. Minority disadvantage in human capital, health, and employment characteristics accounts for a large part of racial and Ethnic differences in labor force withdrawal. Nevertheless, Black men and Hispanic women experience more involuntary labor market exits than Whites with similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Discussion Workers most vulnerable to labor market difficulties during their youth confront formidable obstacles maintaining their desired level of labor force attachment as they approach their golden years. This has significant policy implications for the contours of gender and race/Ethnic Inequality among elderly persons, particularly as life expectancy and the size of the minority elderly population continue to increase.
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pathways to retirement patterns of labor force participation and labor market exit among the pre retirement population by race hispanic origin and sex
1999Co-Authors: Chenoa A. Flippen, Marta TiendaAbstract:This paper examines the pre-retirement labor force participation behavior of black, white, and Hispanic men and women to determine how patterns of labor market exit differ among groups. We combine data from the first and second waves of the Health and Retirement Study and apply multinomial logit regression techniques to model labor force status in the first wave of the HRS and change over time. Black, Hispanic, and female elderly persons experience more involuntary job separation in the years immediately prior to retirement and the resulting periods of joblessness often eventuate in retirement or labor force withdrawal. Minority disadvantage in human capital, health, and employment characteristics account for a large part of racial and Ethnic differences in labor force withdrawal. Nevertheless, black men and Hispanic women experience more involuntary labor market exits than whites with similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Workers most vulnerable to labor market difficulties during their youth confront formidable obstacles maintaining their desired level of labor force attachment as they approach their golden years. This has significant policy implications for the contours of gender and race/Ethnic Inequality among elderly persons, particularly as life expectancy and the size of the minority elderly population continue to increase.
Martin Ravallion - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethnic Inequality and poverty in malaysia since may 1969 part 2 poverty
World Development, 2020Co-Authors: Martin RavallionAbstract:Abstract Over the last 50 years, Malaysia has seen one of the fastest rates of income-poverty reduction in the world. This came alongside falling overall income Inequality, due in large part to a national policy effort to address Ethnic inequalities, in the wake of tragic race riots in 1969. The first paper in the two-part series examined various measures of Ethnic Inequality. This second paper assesses the role that changes in between-group Inequality played in Malaysia’s success against poverty. To address this question, a new decomposition method is applied to survey data spanning 50 years. The results indicate that Ethnic redistribution helped reduce poverty, but it was not as important as within-group redistribution or mean-income growth. A pure Ethnic redistribution effect is defined and isolated empirically. Sizable potential gains to the country’s poor from Ethnic redistribution are revealed in the 1970s, suggesting that the early policy effort made sense. The absolute gains have faded over time and are now small, though the elasticity of national poverty to Ethnic redistribution remains quite high.
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Ethnic Inequality and poverty in malaysia since may 1969 part 1 Inequality
World Development, 2020Co-Authors: Martin RavallionAbstract:Abstract The race riots that broke out in Kuala Lumpur in May 1969 triggered a national public effort to greatly reduce both Malaysia’s longstanding Ethnic inequalities and its high incidence of poverty. This paper studies how various measures of Ethnic Inequality evolved since 1969. Two conceptual distinctions are emphasized: that between income Inequality and polarization (on the one hand) and that between relative and absolute Inequality (on the other). Over the last 50 years, the poorest Ethnic group, the Bumiputera, have had the highest growth rate of household incomes, which helped assure a (substantial) long-term decline in relative between-group Inequality, which (in turn) substantially reduced overall income Inequality. Measures of Ethnic polarization moved highly synchronously with between-group Inequality. The differential growth rates by Ethnicity were not enough to prevent rising absolute Inequality, given the extent of the initial Ethnic disparities. Despite the progress against relative Inequality, Malaysia’s absolute disparities by Ethnicity are now even larger than 50 years ago. The second paper of this two-part paper examines the contribution of lower relative Ethnic Inequality to the country's progress against poverty.
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Ethnic Inequality and poverty in malaysia since 1969
Research Papers in Economics, 2019Co-Authors: Martin RavallionAbstract:Ethnic riots broke out in Malaysia in 1969, prompting a national effort at affirmative action favoring the poorer (majority) of “Bumiputera” (mainly Malays). Since then, Malaysia’s official poverty measures indicate one of the fastest long-term rates of poverty reduction in the world, due to both economic growth and falling Inequality. Did Ethnic Inequality fall since 1969 and was that a key factor in the country’s success in reducing poverty and in managing Inequality? New measures in this paper indicate a substantial decline in relative Ethnic Inequality. This brought down national relative Inequality, though not enough to prevent rising absolute Inequality, given the initial disparities. A new analytic decomposition of the rate of poverty reduction reveals that Ethnic redistribution helped reduce poverty, although it was not as important as the overall rate of growth in household incomes. Despite past progress in reducing Ethnic Inequality, the responsiveness of the national poverty rate to Ethnic redistribution remains high even today.
Christian Houle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the structure of Ethnic Inequality and Ethnic voting
The Journal of Politics, 2019Co-Authors: Christian Houle, Paul D Kenny, Chunho ParkAbstract:Why do some Ethnic groups vote along Ethnic lines while others do not? In this article, we theorize that the level of Ethnic voting depends, partially, on how Ethnicity interacts with economic clea...
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Ethnic Inequality and the Strength of Ethnic Identities in Sub-Saharan Africa
Political Behavior, 2018Co-Authors: Masaaki Higashijima, Christian HouleAbstract:Ethnic Inequality has been argued to have numerous pernicious effects. Among other things, scholars have argued that it breeds political violence, destabilizes democracy, and impedes economic development. While the arguments developed by these literatures implicitly assume that Ethnic Inequality increases the degree to which individuals identify with their Ethnicity, this assumption has yet to be tested empirically at the individual-level. This paper argues and empirically demonstrates that between-Ethnic group Inequality does strengthen Ethnic identities. However, we also find that the magnitude of its effect weakens as Inequality within Ethnic groups increases. That is, individuals identify most strongly with their Ethnic identity when Ethnicity is reinforced by economic Inequality. Using the Afrobarometer, we provide the first cross-national empirical test of the effect of Ethnic Inequality on the strength of Ethnic identities at the individual-level. Our dataset covers 21 sub-Saharan African countries and 85 Ethnic groups. Results strongly support our hypothesis.
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Ethnic Inequality and coups in sub saharan africa
Journal of Peace Research, 2017Co-Authors: Christian Houle, Cristina BodeaAbstract:Does Ethnic Inequality breed coups? The recent literature on civil war shows both that Inequality between Ethnic groups induces war and, importantly, that civil wars and coups, although fundamental...
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Ethnic Inequality and the Dismantling of Democracy: A Global Analysis
World Politics, 2015Co-Authors: Christian HouleAbstract:Does Inequality between Ethnic groups destabilize democracies? While the literature largely agrees that Inequality harms democracies, previous studies typically focus on the overall level of Inequality in a society, leaving unanswered questions about the effect of Inequality between Ethnic groups. This article fills this gap and argues that Inequality between Ethnic groups harms the consolidation of democracy but that its effect is strongest when Inequality within groups is low. Using group- and country-level data from more than seventy-one democracies and 241 Ethnic groups worldwide, the author conducts the first cross-national test to date of the effect of Ethnic Inequality on transitions away from democracy. Results provide support for the hypothesis: when within-Ethnic-group Inequality (WGI) is low, between-Ethnic-group Inequality (BGI) harms democracy, but when WGI is high, BGI has no discernable effect.
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Ethnic Inequality and the dismantling of democracy a global analysis
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Christian HouleAbstract:Does Inequality between Ethnic groups destabilize democracies? While the literature largely agrees that Inequality harms democracies, previous studies typically focus on the overall level of Inequality in a society; leaving questions about the effect of Inequality between Ethnic or religious groups unanswered. This paper bridges this gap and argues that Inequality between Ethnic groups harms the consolidation of democracy, but that its effect is strongest when Inequality within groups is low. Using group- and country-level data from a total of 75 democracies and more than 250 Ethnic groups worldwide, I conduct the first cross-national test to date of the effect of Ethnic Inequality on transitions away from democracy. Results provide support for my hypothesis: when within-group Inequality (WGI) is low, between-group Inequality (BGI) harms democracy; but when WGI is high, BGI has no discernable effect.
Anthony Howell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impacts of migration and remittances on Ethnic income Inequality in rural china
World Development, 2017Co-Authors: Anthony HowellAbstract:Summary Migration is often viewed as the best option for poor rural households to exit out of poverty, although the distributional effects of migrants’ remittances tend to be ambiguous in the literature. Given that increasing income Inequality is a major concern and policy issue, this paper examines the impacts of migration and migrants’ remittances on income Inequality in China’s rural minority areas using recent proprietary household data. Treating migrants’ remittances as a potential substitute for income, the results reveal that migration significantly boosts income for all Ethnic groups, although the returns to Ethnic minority households tend to be less than for Han households. Decomposition analyses further reveal that migration increases Inequality between Ethnic groups despite reducing spatial Inequality. These countervailing effects imply that the continual transfer of rural–urban migrants will likely lead to spatial convergence despite reinforcing Ethnic inequalities in rural minority areas. Importantly, the percentage contribution of Ethnic Inequality to total Inequality is larger than that of spatial Inequality across sampled rural locations, thus highlighting the fact that the Ethnic dimension is an important, yet often overlooked component of Inequality in China.
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impacts of migration and remittances on Ethnic income Inequality in rural china
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Anthony HowellAbstract:This paper examines the impacts of migration and migrants’ remittances on household income in China’s rural minority areas using recent proprietary household data. Treating migrants’ remittances as a potential substitute for income, the results reveal that migration significantly boosts income for all Ethnic groups, although the returns to Ethnic minority households tend to be less than for Han households. Decomposition analyses further reveal that migration increases Inequality between Ethnic groups despite reducing spatial Inequality, and that the percentage contribution of Ethnic Inequality to total Inequality is larger than that of spatial Inequality across sampled rural locations.