The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Carlo Strapparava - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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word Etymology as native language interference
Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2017Co-Authors: Vivi Nastase, Carlo StrapparavaAbstract:We present experiments that show the influence of native language on lexical choice when producing text in another language – in this particular case English. We start from the premise that non-native English speakers will choose lexical items that are close to words in their native language. This leads us to an Etymology-based representation of documents written by people whose mother tongue is an Indo-European language. Based on this representation we grow a language family tree, that matches closely the Indo-European language tree.
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bridging languages through Etymology the case of cross language text categorization
Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2013Co-Authors: Vivi Nastase, Carlo StrapparavaAbstract:We propose the hypothesis that word Etymology is useful for NLP applications as a bridge between languages. We support this hypothesis with experiments in crosslanguage (English-Italian) document categorization. In a straightforward bag-ofwords experimental set-up we add etymological ancestors of the words in the documents, and investigate the performance of a model built on English data, on Italian test data (and viceversa). The results show not only statistically significant, but a large improvement ‐ a jump of almost 40 points in F1-score ‐ over the raw (vanilla bag-ofwords) representation.
Piero G Delprete - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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typification and Etymology of aublet s rubiaceae names
Taxon, 2015Co-Authors: Piero G DelpreteAbstract:The ongoing Rubiaceae treatment for the Flora of the Guianas prompted a detailed study of the rubiaceous taxa described by Aublet (“Fusee Aublet”), one of the earliest botanists to collect in South America. This study led to the recognition that a publication by Lanjouw and Uittien in 1940 wherein the authors reported the discovery of an additional set of Aublet specimens in the Jean-Jacques Rousseau herbarium (P-JJR) also included many previously unrecognized typifications of Aublet names. This study presents the typifications of the 26 generic and 53 specific Rubiaceae epithets introduced by Aublet in his Histoire. The new combinations Coussarea lutea and Schradera scandens are also proposed.
Mikhail N Saenko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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proto slavic kŭrkŭ semantics and Etymology
International Journal of Slavic Studies, 2020Co-Authors: Mikhail N SaenkoAbstract:The article is devoted to the semantics of the Proto-Slavic word *kъrkъ, whose descendants have a wide range of meanings from ‘throat’ to ‘back’. The analysis presented shows that the Proto-Slavic word can be most probably reconstructed to mean ‘vertebra prominens / cervical vertebrae’. With this taken into account, the author looks at the previously proposed etymologies and puts forward a new one. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.2.2
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on the Etymology of the proto slavic tělo body
Slavic World in the Third Millennium, 2020Co-Authors: Mikhail N SaenkoAbstract:The author puts forward a new hypothesis on the origin of the Proto-Slavic word *tělo “body”, which, to date, does not have a commonly accepted Etymology. The researcher draws a connection with the verb *tьlěti “putrefy”. The word *trupъ “corpse; torso”, derived from the verb *trup- “decay”, is presented as a semantic parallel. The meaning “torso” in this case has most likely developed from “corpse”. Thus, it is believed that *tělo might have originally meant a dead, putrefying body. The author rejects a supposition about a connection between *tьlěti and *tьlo “floor, foundation”, which can be found in several studies, and goes back to a hypothesis, according to which *tьlěti is related to the Lithuanian verbs tilti “go silent, quieten” and tylėti “keep silent”. It is suggested that *tьlěti with its Baltic cognates originated from the root verb *tl-, from which *-ē-durative forms were formed. The latter replaced the original root variant over time. The disappearance of syllabic liquids changed the structure of ablaut in roots similar to *tl-: the alternation type CeR / CoR / CR was changed to CeR / CoR / CiR ~ CuR. As a result, these roots were included in the ablative schemes typical of the roots with the old *i and the alternation CiC- // *CeiC- // *CoiC-. As a particular example, the word *děra “hole” was formed form *derti (*dьrǫ) / *dьrati (*derǫ) “to tear”. The vocalism of the root of *tělo is seen as a result of a similar secondary ablaut. Additionally, the author looks at the possible derivation of *tělo from the old root noun with its characteristic long vocalism, which is believed to be less probable.
Vivi Nastase - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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word Etymology as native language interference
Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2017Co-Authors: Vivi Nastase, Carlo StrapparavaAbstract:We present experiments that show the influence of native language on lexical choice when producing text in another language – in this particular case English. We start from the premise that non-native English speakers will choose lexical items that are close to words in their native language. This leads us to an Etymology-based representation of documents written by people whose mother tongue is an Indo-European language. Based on this representation we grow a language family tree, that matches closely the Indo-European language tree.
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bridging languages through Etymology the case of cross language text categorization
Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2013Co-Authors: Vivi Nastase, Carlo StrapparavaAbstract:We propose the hypothesis that word Etymology is useful for NLP applications as a bridge between languages. We support this hypothesis with experiments in crosslanguage (English-Italian) document categorization. In a straightforward bag-ofwords experimental set-up we add etymological ancestors of the words in the documents, and investigate the performance of a model built on English data, on Italian test data (and viceversa). The results show not only statistically significant, but a large improvement ‐ a jump of almost 40 points in F1-score ‐ over the raw (vanilla bag-ofwords) representation.
Richard J Howarth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Etymology in the earth sciences from geologia to geoscience
Earth Sciences History 39 (1) pp. 1-27. (2020) (In press)., 2020Co-Authors: Richard J HowarthAbstract:The origin and usage through time of geologia, geognosy, geogony, oryctognosy, geology and geophysics, as characterised by their frequency of occurrence in the Google Books Ngram Corpus, is discussed. The English, French, German, Italian and Spanish corpuses used in this study have been normalised over the same timespan using the average frequencies of occurrence of the same set of ‘neutral’ words in each language (as advocated by Younes and Reips 2019). Use of the term geology is found to predate publication of James Hutton's Theory of the Earth in 1795 by about 100 years; geognosy, oryctognosy and geogony, much less commonly used, became established in the 1780s and began to fall out of use around 1820. The terms geologist, and geognost follow a similar pattern. The emergence of geophysics is a less familiar field: While the phrases physics of the Earth and physical geography can both be traced back to the early 1700s, geophysics only began to be used in the early 1800s and did not really become common until about 1860; geophysicist becomes common in German after 1860, but more generally after 1880. The first geophysics-related publications were bulletins from magnetic and seismic observatories and its first dedicated journal, Beitrage zur Geophysik, began publication in 1887, eighty years after the formation of The Geological Society of London. The tems earth science and geoscience, popular today, have steadily increased in their usage since being introduced in the 1880s and 1930s respectively.
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Etymology in the earth sciences from geologia to geoscience
Earth Sciences History, 2020Co-Authors: Richard J HowarthAbstract:The origin and usage through time of geologia, geognosy, geogony, oryctognosy, geology and geophysics, as characterised by their frequency of occurrence in the Google Books Ngram Corpus, is discuss...