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Patricia Mcgarvey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Household Exposure Factors, asthma, and school absenteeism in a predominantly Hispanic community.
Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology, 2003Co-Authors: Natalie Cg Freeman, Dona Schneider, Patricia McgarveyAbstract:The Passaic Asthma Reduction Effort (PARE) used an asthma symptom and household Exposure Factor questionnaire to screen 4634 elementary school children over a 4-year period in Passaic, New Jersey. During the first year, an additional 240 preschool children were also screened. Overall, 16% of the school children were reported by their parents to have been diagnosed with asthma. In all, 30% of responding families claimed to have at least one family member diagnosed with asthma and this was five times more likely if the target child had asthma. Exposures consistently associated with childhood asthma diagnosis included environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), presence of dampness/mold, roaches, and furry pets in the home. Diagnosis of asthma was primarily associated with all six symptoms used in the PARE questionnaire, and secondarily with environmental Factors. Puerto Rican and black children had the highest asthma prevalence (26% and 33%), while Mexican children had the lowest (7%). Use of medications and school absenteeism among asthmatic children were associated with wheeze and night cough, but not with any specific environmental Exposure. Increased school absenteeism by children undiagnosed with asthma was associated with ETS and dampness/mold in the home. Differences in asthma diagnosis and absenteeism in response to environmental Factors were found across ethnic subgroups. Getting asthmatic children on medical management protocols and providing families with education about environmental risk reduction should aid in reducing morbidity in this ethnically complex population. Such coordinated efforts offer the promise of reducing school absenteeism.
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Household Exposure Factors, asthma, and school absenteeism in a predominantly Hispanic community
Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 2003Co-Authors: Natalie Cg Freeman, Dona Schneider, Patricia McgarveyAbstract:The Passaic Asthma Reduction Effort (PARÉ) used an asthma symptom and household Exposure Factor questionnaire to screen 4634 elementary school children over a 4-year period in Passaic, New Jersey. During the first year, an additional 240 preschool children were also screened. Overall, 16% of the school children were reported by their parents to have been diagnosed with asthma. In all, 30% of responding families claimed to have at least one family member diagnosed with asthma and this was five times more likely if the target child had asthma. Exposures consistently associated with childhood asthma diagnosis included environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), presence of dampness/mold, roaches, and furry pets in the home. Diagnosis of asthma was primarily associated with all six symptoms used in the PARÉ questionnaire, and secondarily with environmental Factors. Puerto Rican and black children had the highest asthma prevalence (26% and 33%), while Mexican children had the lowest (7%). Use of medications and school absenteeism among asthmatic children were associated with wheeze and night cough, but not with any specific environmental Exposure. Increased school absenteeism by children undiagnosed with asthma was associated with ETS and dampness/mold in the home. Differences in asthma diagnosis and absenteeism in response to environmental Factors were found across ethnic subgroups. Getting asthmatic children on medical management protocols and providing families with education about environmental risk reduction should aid in reducing morbidity in this ethnically complex population. Such coordinated efforts offer the promise of reducing school absenteeism.
Natalie Cg Freeman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a meta analysis of children s hand to mouth frequency data for estimating nondietary ingestion Exposure
Risk Analysis, 2007Co-Authors: Jianping Xue, Jacqueline Moya, Natalie Cg Freeman, Valerie Zartarian, Paloma I Beamer, Kathy Black, Nicolle S Tulve, Stuart L ShalatAbstract:Because of their mouthing behaviors, children have a higher potential for Exposure to available chemicals through the nondietary ingestion route; thus, frequency of hand-to-mouth activity is an important variable for Exposure assessments. Such data are limited and difficult to collect. Few published studies report such information, and the studies that have been conducted used different data collection approaches (e.g., videography versus real-time observation), data analysis and reporting methods, ages of children, locations, and even definitions of "mouthing." For this article, hand-to-mouth frequency data were gathered from 9 available studies representing 429 subjects and more than 2,000 hours of behavior observation. A meta-analysis was conducted to study differences in hand-to-mouth frequency based on study, age group, gender, and location (indoor vs. outdoor), to fit variability and uncertainty distributions that can be used in probabilistic Exposure assessments, and to identify any data gaps. Results of this analysis indicate that age and location are important for hand-to-mouth frequency, but study and gender are not. As age increases, both indoor and outdoor hand-to-mouth frequencies decrease. Hand-to-mouth behavior is significantly greater indoors than outdoors. For both indoor and outdoor hand-to-mouth frequencies, interpersonal, and intra-personal variability are approximately 60% and approximately 30%, respectively. The variance difference among different studies is much bigger than its mean, indicating that different studies with different methodologies have similar central values. Weibull distributions best fit the observed data for the different variables considered and are presented in this article by study, age group, and location. Average indoor hand-to-mouth behavior ranged from 6.7 to 28.0 contacts/hour, with the lowest value corresponding to the 6 to <11 year olds and the highest value corresponding to the 3 to <6 month olds. Average outdoor hand-to-mouth frequency ranged from 2.9 to 14.5 contacts/hour, with the lowest value corresponding to the 6 to <11 year olds and the highest value corresponding to the 6 to <12 month olds. The analysis highlights the need for additional hand-to-mouth data for the <3 months, 3 to <6 months, and 3 to <6 year age groups using standardized collection and analysis because of lack of data or high uncertainty in available data. This is the first publication to report Weibull distributions as the best fitting distribution for hand-to-mouth frequency; using the best fitting Exposure Factor distribution will help improve estimates of Exposure. The analyses also represent a first comprehensive effort to fit hand-to-mouth frequency variability and uncertainty distributions by indoor/outdoor location and by age groups, using the new standard set of age groups recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for assessing childhood Exposures. Thus, the data presented in this article can be used to update the U.S. EPA's Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook and to improve estimates of nondietary ingestion in probabilistic Exposure modeling.
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Household Exposure Factors, asthma, and school absenteeism in a predominantly Hispanic community.
Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology, 2003Co-Authors: Natalie Cg Freeman, Dona Schneider, Patricia McgarveyAbstract:The Passaic Asthma Reduction Effort (PARE) used an asthma symptom and household Exposure Factor questionnaire to screen 4634 elementary school children over a 4-year period in Passaic, New Jersey. During the first year, an additional 240 preschool children were also screened. Overall, 16% of the school children were reported by their parents to have been diagnosed with asthma. In all, 30% of responding families claimed to have at least one family member diagnosed with asthma and this was five times more likely if the target child had asthma. Exposures consistently associated with childhood asthma diagnosis included environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), presence of dampness/mold, roaches, and furry pets in the home. Diagnosis of asthma was primarily associated with all six symptoms used in the PARE questionnaire, and secondarily with environmental Factors. Puerto Rican and black children had the highest asthma prevalence (26% and 33%), while Mexican children had the lowest (7%). Use of medications and school absenteeism among asthmatic children were associated with wheeze and night cough, but not with any specific environmental Exposure. Increased school absenteeism by children undiagnosed with asthma was associated with ETS and dampness/mold in the home. Differences in asthma diagnosis and absenteeism in response to environmental Factors were found across ethnic subgroups. Getting asthmatic children on medical management protocols and providing families with education about environmental risk reduction should aid in reducing morbidity in this ethnically complex population. Such coordinated efforts offer the promise of reducing school absenteeism.
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Household Exposure Factors, asthma, and school absenteeism in a predominantly Hispanic community
Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 2003Co-Authors: Natalie Cg Freeman, Dona Schneider, Patricia McgarveyAbstract:The Passaic Asthma Reduction Effort (PARÉ) used an asthma symptom and household Exposure Factor questionnaire to screen 4634 elementary school children over a 4-year period in Passaic, New Jersey. During the first year, an additional 240 preschool children were also screened. Overall, 16% of the school children were reported by their parents to have been diagnosed with asthma. In all, 30% of responding families claimed to have at least one family member diagnosed with asthma and this was five times more likely if the target child had asthma. Exposures consistently associated with childhood asthma diagnosis included environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), presence of dampness/mold, roaches, and furry pets in the home. Diagnosis of asthma was primarily associated with all six symptoms used in the PARÉ questionnaire, and secondarily with environmental Factors. Puerto Rican and black children had the highest asthma prevalence (26% and 33%), while Mexican children had the lowest (7%). Use of medications and school absenteeism among asthmatic children were associated with wheeze and night cough, but not with any specific environmental Exposure. Increased school absenteeism by children undiagnosed with asthma was associated with ETS and dampness/mold in the home. Differences in asthma diagnosis and absenteeism in response to environmental Factors were found across ethnic subgroups. Getting asthmatic children on medical management protocols and providing families with education about environmental risk reduction should aid in reducing morbidity in this ethnically complex population. Such coordinated efforts offer the promise of reducing school absenteeism.
Serenella Sala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improving substance information in USEtox® , part 2: Data for estimating fate and ecosystem Exposure Factors.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Erwan Saouter, Karin Aschberger, Peter Fantke, Michael Zwicky Hauschild, Aude Kienzler, Alicia Paini, Rana Pant, Anita Radovnikovic, Michela Secchi, Serenella SalaAbstract:The scientific consensus model USEtox® has been developed since 2003 under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme-Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Life Cycle Initiative as a harmonized approach for characterizing human and freshwater toxicity in life cycle assessment and other comparative assessment frameworks. Using physicochemical substance properties, USEtox quantifies potential human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity impacts by combining environmental fate, Exposure, and toxicity effects information, considering multimedia fate and multipathway Exposure processes. The main source to obtain substance properties for USEtox 1.01 and 2.0 is the Estimation Program Interface (EPI Suite™) from the US Environmental Protection Agency. However, since the development of the original USEtox substance databases, new chemical regulations have been enforced in Europe, such as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and the Plant Protection Products regulations. These regulations require that a chemical risk assessment for humans and the environment is performed before a chemical is placed on the European market. Consequently, additional physicochemical property data and new toxicological endpoints are now available for thousands of chemical substances. The aim of the present study was to explore the extent to which the new available data can be used as input for USEtox-especially for application in environmental footprint studies-and to discuss how this would influence the quantification of fate and Exposure Factors. Initial results show that the choice of data source and the parameters selected can greatly influence fate and Exposure Factors, leading to potentially different rankings and relative contributions of substances to overall human toxicity and ecotoxicity impacts. Moreover, it is crucial to discuss the relevance of the Exposure Factor for freshwater ecotoxicity impacts, particularly for persistent highly adsorbing and bioaccumulating substances. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3463-3470. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Rafał Starzak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assumptions for Fourier-based modelling of diurnal temperature variations in the top soil layer under Istebna spruce stands
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2016Co-Authors: Przemyslaw Sypka, Jarosław Kucza, Rafał StarzakAbstract:Abstract Soil temperature is a key Factor which affects both soil-forming processes and the hydrological balance of water exchange between the atmosphere and the ground. The measured temperature waveforms in the top layer of forest soils demonstrate very characteristic diurnal variations. This paper presents a method of determining the amplitude of the diurnal temperature variation using the Fourier transform. Temperature measurements were carried out in the top layer of soil at a depth of approx. 0.08 m within 4 homogeneous, even-aged stands of different age-classes (from a 12-year-old thicket to a 117-year-old mature stand) and at 3 inter-forest meadows. The main aim of this paper was to relate all parameters in a simple empirical model of diurnal temperature variations in the top layer of soil under a stand to biometric features of stands. The parameters describing the model depend to a large extent on the soil Exposure Factor and the total biomass of above-ground tree parts. The soil Exposure Factor and the total biomass of a stand depend solely on the number of trees per hectare, the mean height of a stand, and the mean tree diameter measured at breast height (i.e. at a height of 130 cm), all of which are very easy to measure from the ground. The analyses also show that the amplitude values, particularly in an open field, also depend on the mass of organic matter accumulated in soil. The presented model was verified using measurement results in spruce stands of the Istebna ecotype (the Silesian Beskid Mts.). The model and parametrisation proposed for spruce stands depends solely on easily measurable biometric features and should be readily adaptable to stands composed of other tree species, using appropriate coefficients that differentiate these stands from spruce stands. The necessary improvements to the presented empirical model will be possible after a series of measurements taken within various types of stands. A thorough understanding of the Factors determining temperature variation in woodlands may considerably expand the knowledge of the water exchange balance within forest complexes, as well as the estimation of site productivity.
Dona Schneider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Household Exposure Factors, asthma, and school absenteeism in a predominantly Hispanic community.
Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology, 2003Co-Authors: Natalie Cg Freeman, Dona Schneider, Patricia McgarveyAbstract:The Passaic Asthma Reduction Effort (PARE) used an asthma symptom and household Exposure Factor questionnaire to screen 4634 elementary school children over a 4-year period in Passaic, New Jersey. During the first year, an additional 240 preschool children were also screened. Overall, 16% of the school children were reported by their parents to have been diagnosed with asthma. In all, 30% of responding families claimed to have at least one family member diagnosed with asthma and this was five times more likely if the target child had asthma. Exposures consistently associated with childhood asthma diagnosis included environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), presence of dampness/mold, roaches, and furry pets in the home. Diagnosis of asthma was primarily associated with all six symptoms used in the PARE questionnaire, and secondarily with environmental Factors. Puerto Rican and black children had the highest asthma prevalence (26% and 33%), while Mexican children had the lowest (7%). Use of medications and school absenteeism among asthmatic children were associated with wheeze and night cough, but not with any specific environmental Exposure. Increased school absenteeism by children undiagnosed with asthma was associated with ETS and dampness/mold in the home. Differences in asthma diagnosis and absenteeism in response to environmental Factors were found across ethnic subgroups. Getting asthmatic children on medical management protocols and providing families with education about environmental risk reduction should aid in reducing morbidity in this ethnically complex population. Such coordinated efforts offer the promise of reducing school absenteeism.
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Household Exposure Factors, asthma, and school absenteeism in a predominantly Hispanic community
Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 2003Co-Authors: Natalie Cg Freeman, Dona Schneider, Patricia McgarveyAbstract:The Passaic Asthma Reduction Effort (PARÉ) used an asthma symptom and household Exposure Factor questionnaire to screen 4634 elementary school children over a 4-year period in Passaic, New Jersey. During the first year, an additional 240 preschool children were also screened. Overall, 16% of the school children were reported by their parents to have been diagnosed with asthma. In all, 30% of responding families claimed to have at least one family member diagnosed with asthma and this was five times more likely if the target child had asthma. Exposures consistently associated with childhood asthma diagnosis included environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), presence of dampness/mold, roaches, and furry pets in the home. Diagnosis of asthma was primarily associated with all six symptoms used in the PARÉ questionnaire, and secondarily with environmental Factors. Puerto Rican and black children had the highest asthma prevalence (26% and 33%), while Mexican children had the lowest (7%). Use of medications and school absenteeism among asthmatic children were associated with wheeze and night cough, but not with any specific environmental Exposure. Increased school absenteeism by children undiagnosed with asthma was associated with ETS and dampness/mold in the home. Differences in asthma diagnosis and absenteeism in response to environmental Factors were found across ethnic subgroups. Getting asthmatic children on medical management protocols and providing families with education about environmental risk reduction should aid in reducing morbidity in this ethnically complex population. Such coordinated efforts offer the promise of reducing school absenteeism.
