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Ivan Kreft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fatty acids profile sterols tocopherol and squalene content in Fagopyrum Tataricum seed milling fractions
Journal of Cereal Science, 2020Co-Authors: Krzysztof Dziedzic, Ivan Kreft, Szymon Kurek, Sylwia Mildner Szkudlarz, Jaroslaw WalkowiakAbstract:Abstract There is no data on the lipid profile of Fagopyrum Tataricum grain and its milling products. Therefore, we aimed to assess the phytosterol and tocopherol content and fatty acid profile of the samples of F. Tataricum. Grain was milled, then the milling product separated to hull, bran, and two flour fractions, differing in particle size. The highest level of lipids (total fatty acids – 83%, with dominant oleic acid – 40%) was observed in the bran fraction (380 μm > GA > 180 μm). All samples contained some natural cis fatty acids, such as vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7; ~2.8%) and tocopherol (α-, β-, δ- and γ-tocopherol). The highest content of total tocopherol was also detected in the bran fraction (0.1% of lipids). The content of lipid soluble bioactive substances was different and depended on the size of obtained fraction, therefore properly designed grain processing technology can be used to produce food with high nutritional value.
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ftsad2 and ftjaz1 regulate activity of the ftmyb11 transcription repressor of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Fagopyrum Tataricum
New Phytologist, 2017Co-Authors: Meiliang Zhou, Ivan Kreft, Maria D Logacheva, Mingli Yan, Zhanmin Sun, Mengqi Ding, Dan Wang, Jirong Shao, Yixiong Tang, Xuemei ZhuAbstract:Summary Little is known about the molecular mechanism of the R2R3-MYB transcriptional repressors involved in plant phenylpropanoid metabolism. Here, we describe one R2R3-type MYB repressor, FtMYB11 from Fagopyrum Tataricum. It contains the SID-like motif GGDFNFDL and it is regulated by both the importin protein ‘Sensitive to ABA and Drought 2’ (SAD2) and the jasmonates signalling cascade repressor JAZ protein. Yeast two hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated that FtMYB11 interacts with SAD2 and FtJAZ1. Protoplast transactivation assays demonstrated that FtMYB11 acts synergistically with FtSAD2 or FtJAZ1 and directly represses its target genes via the MYB-core element AATAGTT. Changing the Asp122 residue to Asn in the SID-like motif results in cytoplasmic localization of FtMYB11 because of loss of interaction with SAD2, while changing the Asp126 residue to Asn results in the loss of interaction with FtJAZ1. Overexpression of FtMYB11or FtMYB11D126N in F. Tataricum hairy roots resulted in reduced accumulation of rutin, while overexpression of FtMYB11D122N in hairy roots did not lead to such a change. The results indicate that FtMYB11 acts as a regulator via interacting with FtSAD2 or FtJAZ1 to repress phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and this repression depends on two conserved Asp residues of its SID-like motif.
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mineral and trace element composition and importance for nutritional value of buckwheat grain groats and sprouts
Molecular Breeding and Nutritional Aspects of Buckwheat, 2016Co-Authors: Paula Pongrac, Katarina Vogelmikus, Mateja Potisek, Eva Kovacec, Bojan Budic, Peter Kump, Marjana Regvar, Ivan KreftAbstract:Abstract Buckwheat is a gluten-free crop with great potential as a cereal substitute in diets. We investigated how processing of grains into groats (hydrothermal processing to remove the husk) and sprouts (7-day-old seedlings) affects mineral element concentrations in two buckwheat species, Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum Gaertn.) and common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). In addition, changes to the spatial distribution of magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, manganese, and iron in Tartary buckwheat groats and sprouts were studied. Apart from lowering calcium concentrations, hydrothermal processing had little effect on mineral element concentrations in both species. In both species, sprouts had higher concentrations of magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, and molybdenum than grains. Distinct changes were seen in the distribution of mineral elements in Tartary buckwheat sprouts compared to groats. Significant species-specific differences in mineral element concentrations were observed, but further studies are needed to capture the extent of variability in mineral element concentrations in buckwheat.
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spatially resolved distributions of the mineral elements in the grain of tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum Tataricum
Food Research International, 2013Co-Authors: Paula Pongrac, Katarina Vogelmikus, Marjana Regvar, Luka Jeromel, Primož Vavpetic, Primož Pelicon, B Kaulich, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Diane Eichert, Ivan KreftAbstract:Abstract The different buckwheat species are gluten-free pseudocereals, and they are amongst the most important alternative foodstuffs as they have an excellent nutrient profile. The grain of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum Gaertn.) is known to be rich in antioxidants (especially rutin) and mineral elements. In addition to the spatial distributions of Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn at the tissue level that have been determined using micro-proton-induced X-ray emission, we have also assessed the distributions of C, O, Mg, P, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn at the cellular and sub-cellular levels using synchrotron radiation-based low-energy X-ray fluorescence. The highest concentrations of all of the studied mineral elements were in the cotyledons, except for Ca, which dominated in the pericarp. The relative mineral-element distributions calculated on dry weight basis confirm the observed mineral distribution profiles. In the cotyledons, P clearly partitions to the mesophyll and is mainly ascribed to phytate. In the mesophyll, the P spatial distribution strongly correlates with Mg and, in decreasing order, with Cu > Fe > Mn > Zn. These spatial distributions of the mineral elements, their concentrations and their co-localisation are discussed in relation to other pseudocereal and cereal grain.
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antigenotoxic effect of tartary Fagopyrum Tataricum and common Fagopyrum esculentum buckwheat flour
Journal of Medicinal Food, 2013Co-Authors: Maja Vogrincic, Ivan Kreft, Metka Filipic, Bojana žeguraAbstract:Abstract The aim of our work was to determine and to compare the possible antigenotoxic effect of methanolic extracts of common buckwheat (CB) and Tartary buckwheat (TB) flour, containing naturally present rutin (R), and quercetin (Q), and of R and Q in chemical form, against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) induced DNA damage in human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). R and Q content of CB and TB flour extracts was determined by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography and antigenotoxic effect of flour extracts, R and Q was evaluated using the comet assay. R (100 μM) and Q (50 μM) decreased the extent of t-BOOH induced DNA damage for 51% and 67%, respectively. CB and TB flour extracts showed high antioxidant capacity and prominent genoprotective ability. CB extract containing up to 0.1 μM R decreased t-BOOH induced DNA damage for 34%, and TB extract containing up to 12.64 μM R, and 2.86 μM Q for 40%. The obtained results show high antigenotoxic activity of buckwheat and furthermore, they suggest ...
Sang Un Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethephon-induced phenylpropanoid accumulation and related gene expression in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) hairy root
'Informa UK Limited', 2017Co-Authors: Aye Aye Thwe, Sunju Kim, Chang Ha Park, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Sook Young Lee, Sang Un ParkAbstract:The main flavonoid compound rutin is highly expressed in the crop plant buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) and plays important roles in the human diet. In this study, phenylpropanoid production in buckwheat hairy roots was evaluated following ethephon treatment. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography, we analysed the relationship between flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway gene regulation and the relative accumulation of the secondary compounds in ethephon-treated buckwheat hairy roots. Generally, the transcription of the biosynthetic pathway genes varied between the treated samples and controls. Most of the flavonoid biosynthetic genes were upregulated by ethephon, typically after four days of treatment. The application of 0.5 mg/L ethephon markedly induced anthocyanin production in hairy roots compared to that induced by the other concentrations tested (0, 1 and 2 mg/L). These data indicate that anthocyanin biosynthesis may play an important role in the response of buckwheat to ethephon-induced stress
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effect of different agrobacterium rhizogenes strains on hairy root induction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum Tataricum gaertn
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Aye Aye Thwe, Chang Ha Park, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Xiaohua Li, Naif Abdullah Aldhabi, Sang Un ParkAbstract:The development of an efficient protocol for successful hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes is the key step toward an in vitro culturing method for the mass production of secondary metabolites. The selection of an effective Agrobacterium strain for the production of hairy roots is highly plant species dependent and must be determined empirically. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the transformation efficiency of different A. rhizogenes strains for the induction of transgenic hairy roots in Fagopyrum Tataricum ‘Hokkai T10’ cultivar; to determine the expression levels of the polypropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes, such as FtPAL, FtC4H, Ft4CL, FrCHS, FrCH1, FrF3H, FtFLS1, FtFLS2, FtF3, H1, FtF3,H2, FtANS, and FtDFR; and to quantify the in vitro synthesis of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. Among different strains, R1000 was the most promising candidate for hairy root stimulation because it induced the highest growth rate, root number, root length, transformation efficiency, and total anthocyanin and rutin content. The R1000, 15834, and A4 strains provided higher transcript levels for most metabolic pathway genes for the synthesis of rutin (22.31, 15.48, and 13.04 µg/mg DW, respectively), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (800, 750, and 650 µg /g DW, respectively), and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (2410, 1530, and 1170 µg /g DW, respectively). A suitable A. rhizogenes strain could play a vital role in the fast growth of the bulk amount of hairy roots and secondary metabolites. Overall, R1000 was the most promising strain for hairy root induction in buckwheat.
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molecular characterisation and the light dark regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in sprouts of tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum Tataricum gaertn
Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Pham Anh Tuan, Aye Aye Thwe, Yeon Bok Kim, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Hyun Lee, Sang Un ParkAbstract:Seven partial-length cDNAs and 1 full-length cDNA that were involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and 2 partial-length cDNAs that encoded carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases were first isolated and characterised in 2 tartary buckwheat cultivars (Fagopyrum Tataricum Gaertn.), Hokkai T8 and Hokkai T10. They were constitutively expressed at high levels in the leaves and flowers, where carotenoids are mostly distributed. During the seed development of tartary buckwheat, an inverse correlation between transcription level of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and carotenoid content was observed. The light-grown sprouts exhibited higher levels of expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes in T10 and carotenoid content in both T8 and T10 compared to the dark-grown sprouts. The predominant carotenoids in tartary buckwheat were lutein and β-carotene, and very abundant amounts of these carotenoids were found in light-grown sprouts. This study might broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and indicates targets for increasing the production of carotenoids in tartary buckwheat.
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effects of white blue and red light emitting diodes on carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression levels and carotenoid accumulation in sprouts of tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum Tataricum gaertn
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Pham Anh Tuan, Aye Aye Thwe, Yeon Bok Kim, Sunju Kim, Sunok Chung, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Hyun Lee, Sang Un ParkAbstract:In this study, the optimum wavelengths of light required for carotenoid biosynthesis were determined by investigating the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and carotenoid accumulation in sprouts of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum Gaertn.) exposed to white, blue, and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Most carotenoid biosynthetic genes showed higher expression in sprouts irradiated with white light at 8 days after sowing than in those irradiated with blue and red lights. The dominant carotenoids in tartary buckwheat sprouts were lutein and β-carotene. The richest accumulation of total carotenoids was observed in sprouts grown under white light (1282.63 μg g(-1) dry weight), which was relatively higher than that in sprouts grown under blue and red lights (940.86 and 985.54 μg g(-1), respectively). This study might establish an effective strategy for maximizing the production of carotenoids and other important secondary metabolites in tartary buckwheat sprouts by using LED technology.
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production of phenolic compounds in hairy root culture of tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum Tataricum gaertn
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 2009Co-Authors: Yong Kyoung Kim, Nam Il Park, Romij Uddin, Jong Yeong Pyon, Sang Un ParkAbstract:Fagopyrum Tataricum Gaertn (tartary buckwheat) is an excellent medicinal and nutrient-rich crop. It has a high content of rutin and other phenolic compounds. An experiment was conducted to investigate in vitro production of phenolic compounds from hairy root culture of tartary buckwheat. Hairy root growth was promoted by increasing culture time in MS medium. The highest hairy root growth reached up to 11.2 g/l dry weight at 18 d after placement. Transformation was confirmed by PCR using rol genes, rol A (304 bp), B (797 bp), C (550 bp), and D (1035 bp) genes which is transferred into hairy roots from the Ri-plasmid in Agrobacterium rhizogenes and is responsible for the induction of hairy root from plant species. Rutin, quercetin, (−) epicatechin, (−) catechin hydrate, gallic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were identified both in hairy and wild type roots of tartary buckwheat. The main compound found in the both types of root was epicatechin followed by rutin. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the hairy roots of tartary buckwheat was several-fold higher compared with wild type roots of same species. Our results indicate that hairy root culture of F. Tataricum is a valuable alternative approach for the production of phenolic compounds.
Aye Aye Thwe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethephon-induced phenylpropanoid accumulation and related gene expression in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) hairy root
'Informa UK Limited', 2017Co-Authors: Aye Aye Thwe, Sunju Kim, Chang Ha Park, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Sook Young Lee, Sang Un ParkAbstract:The main flavonoid compound rutin is highly expressed in the crop plant buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) and plays important roles in the human diet. In this study, phenylpropanoid production in buckwheat hairy roots was evaluated following ethephon treatment. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography, we analysed the relationship between flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway gene regulation and the relative accumulation of the secondary compounds in ethephon-treated buckwheat hairy roots. Generally, the transcription of the biosynthetic pathway genes varied between the treated samples and controls. Most of the flavonoid biosynthetic genes were upregulated by ethephon, typically after four days of treatment. The application of 0.5 mg/L ethephon markedly induced anthocyanin production in hairy roots compared to that induced by the other concentrations tested (0, 1 and 2 mg/L). These data indicate that anthocyanin biosynthesis may play an important role in the response of buckwheat to ethephon-induced stress
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effect of different agrobacterium rhizogenes strains on hairy root induction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum Tataricum gaertn
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Aye Aye Thwe, Chang Ha Park, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Xiaohua Li, Naif Abdullah Aldhabi, Sang Un ParkAbstract:The development of an efficient protocol for successful hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes is the key step toward an in vitro culturing method for the mass production of secondary metabolites. The selection of an effective Agrobacterium strain for the production of hairy roots is highly plant species dependent and must be determined empirically. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the transformation efficiency of different A. rhizogenes strains for the induction of transgenic hairy roots in Fagopyrum Tataricum ‘Hokkai T10’ cultivar; to determine the expression levels of the polypropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes, such as FtPAL, FtC4H, Ft4CL, FrCHS, FrCH1, FrF3H, FtFLS1, FtFLS2, FtF3, H1, FtF3,H2, FtANS, and FtDFR; and to quantify the in vitro synthesis of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. Among different strains, R1000 was the most promising candidate for hairy root stimulation because it induced the highest growth rate, root number, root length, transformation efficiency, and total anthocyanin and rutin content. The R1000, 15834, and A4 strains provided higher transcript levels for most metabolic pathway genes for the synthesis of rutin (22.31, 15.48, and 13.04 µg/mg DW, respectively), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (800, 750, and 650 µg /g DW, respectively), and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (2410, 1530, and 1170 µg /g DW, respectively). A suitable A. rhizogenes strain could play a vital role in the fast growth of the bulk amount of hairy roots and secondary metabolites. Overall, R1000 was the most promising strain for hairy root induction in buckwheat.
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molecular characterisation and the light dark regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in sprouts of tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum Tataricum gaertn
Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Pham Anh Tuan, Aye Aye Thwe, Yeon Bok Kim, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Hyun Lee, Sang Un ParkAbstract:Seven partial-length cDNAs and 1 full-length cDNA that were involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and 2 partial-length cDNAs that encoded carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases were first isolated and characterised in 2 tartary buckwheat cultivars (Fagopyrum Tataricum Gaertn.), Hokkai T8 and Hokkai T10. They were constitutively expressed at high levels in the leaves and flowers, where carotenoids are mostly distributed. During the seed development of tartary buckwheat, an inverse correlation between transcription level of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and carotenoid content was observed. The light-grown sprouts exhibited higher levels of expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes in T10 and carotenoid content in both T8 and T10 compared to the dark-grown sprouts. The predominant carotenoids in tartary buckwheat were lutein and β-carotene, and very abundant amounts of these carotenoids were found in light-grown sprouts. This study might broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and indicates targets for increasing the production of carotenoids in tartary buckwheat.
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effects of white blue and red light emitting diodes on carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression levels and carotenoid accumulation in sprouts of tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum Tataricum gaertn
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Pham Anh Tuan, Aye Aye Thwe, Yeon Bok Kim, Sunju Kim, Sunok Chung, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Hyun Lee, Sang Un ParkAbstract:In this study, the optimum wavelengths of light required for carotenoid biosynthesis were determined by investigating the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and carotenoid accumulation in sprouts of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum Gaertn.) exposed to white, blue, and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Most carotenoid biosynthetic genes showed higher expression in sprouts irradiated with white light at 8 days after sowing than in those irradiated with blue and red lights. The dominant carotenoids in tartary buckwheat sprouts were lutein and β-carotene. The richest accumulation of total carotenoids was observed in sprouts grown under white light (1282.63 μg g(-1) dry weight), which was relatively higher than that in sprouts grown under blue and red lights (940.86 and 985.54 μg g(-1), respectively). This study might establish an effective strategy for maximizing the production of carotenoids and other important secondary metabolites in tartary buckwheat sprouts by using LED technology.
Beenhuang Chiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antioxidant activity of tartary Fagopyrum Tataricum l gaertn and common Fagopyrum esculentum moench buckwheat sprouts
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Yihshyuan Chen, Joanhwa Yang, Beenhuang ChiangAbstract:This study compared the differences of two types of buckwheat sprouts, namely, common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum (L.) Gaertn.), in general composition, functional components, and antioxidant capacity. The ethanol extracts of tartary buckwheat sprouts (TBS) had higher reducing power, free radical scavenging activity, and superoxide anion scavenging activity than those of common buckwheat sprouts (CBS). As for chelating effects on ferrous ions, CBS had higher values than TBS. Rutin was the major flavonoid found in these two types of buckwheat sprouts, and TBS was 5 fold higher in rutin than CBS. The antioxidant effects of buckwheat sprouts on human hepatoma HepG2 cells revealed that both of TBS and CBS could decrease the production of intracellular peroxide and remove the intracellular superoxide anions in HepG2 cells, but TBS reduced the cellular oxidative stress more effectively than CBS, possibly because of its higher rutin (and quercetin) content.
C J Briggs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rutin and flavonoid contents in three buckwheat species Fagopyrum esculentum f Tataricum and f homotropicum and their protective effects against lipid peroxidation
Food Research International, 2007Co-Authors: P Jiang, F Burczynski, C Campbell, Grant N Pierce, J A Austria, C J BriggsAbstract:Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the rutin content of three buckwheat species: Fagopyrum esculentum, Fagopyrum Tataricum and Fagopyrum homotropicum, and to evaluate their antioxidant capacity. In total, 11 cultivars/accessions were analyzed. The contents of both rutin and total flavonoids were significantly different depending on species, 0.02% and 0.04% in F. esculentum, 0.10% and 0.35% in F. homotropicum, and 1.67% and 2.04% in F. Tataricum, respectively. Three buckwheat species exhibited a dose–response effect in inhibiting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxidation. The antioxidant activity decreased in the order: F. Tataricum > F. homotropicum > F. esculentum. Linear regression analysis revealed a correlation between antioxidant activity and rutin content (R2 = 0.98) or total flavonoids content (R2 = 0.77) in all buckwheat cultivars/accessions. This work shows that rutin plays an important role in antioxidant activity of buckwheat seed. It provides useful information for buckwheat breeding to develop high rutin content varieties.
