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Hans-christoph Steinhausen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Family Aggregation and risk factors in substance use disorders over three generations in a nation-wide study.
PloS one, 2017Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Steinhausen, Helle Jakobsen, Povl Munk-jørgensenAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This nation-wide register-based study investigated how often substance use disorders (SUD) and co-morbid disorders occurred in affected families compared to control families. METHOD: A total of N = 2504 child and adolescent psychiatric participants who were born between 1969 and 1986 and were registered in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register (DPCRR) had a mental disorder before the age of 18 and developed SUD at some point during their life-time. In addition, N = 7472 controls without any psychiatric diagnosis before age 18 and matched for age, sex, and residential region were included. Psychiatric diagnoses of the first-degree relatives were also obtained. A Family load component was assessed. RESULTS: SUD occurred significantly more often in case families than in control families. SUD risk factors included SUD, depression, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, or conduct disorders in the Family. Furthermore, male sex, more recent year of birth, and living in the capital city of Copenhagen were also significantly associated with having SUD. The Family load explained 30% of the SUD manifestation in the case-probands. The findings in the total SUD group were mostly replicated in the two major subgroups of pure alcohol or multiple substance use disorders. DISCUSSION: These findings based on a very large and representative dataset provide additional evidence for the strong Family Aggregation and further risk factors in SUD. The pattern of risk factors is largely the same for the total group of SUD and the major subgroups of pure alcohol and multiple substance use disorders.
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Family Aggregation and Risk Factors in Phobic Disorders over Three-Generations in a Nation-Wide Study.
PloS one, 2016Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Steinhausen, Helle Jakobsen, A. Meyer, Povl Munk Jørgensen, Roselind LiebAbstract:OBJECTIVE This nation-wide register-based study investigated how often phobic disorders (PHO) and co-morbid disorders occur in affected families compared to control families. Furthermore, the study addressed the impact of sex, year of birth, and degree of urbanization in terms of risk factors. METHOD A total of N = 746 child and adolescent psychiatric participants born between 1969 and 1986 and registered in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register (DPCRR) with a diagnosis of a mental disorder before the age of 18, and developed PHO at some point during their life-time until a maximum age of 40 years were included. In addition, N = 2229 controls without any diagnosis of mental disorders before age 18 and that were matched for age, sex, and residential region were included. Diagnoses of mental disorders were also obtained from the first- degree relatives as a part of the Danish Three Generation Study (3GS). A Family load component was obtained by using various mixed regression models. RESULTS PHO occurred significantly more often in case than in control families, in particular, in mothers and siblings. Substance use disorders (SUD), Depressive disorders (DEP), anxiety disorders (ANX) and personality disorders (PERS) in the Family were significantly associated with specific phobia in the case-probands. After controlling for various mental disorders comorbid to PHO it was found that some of the Family transmission could be caused by various other mental disorders in Family members rather than the PHO itself. Female sex and more recent year of birth were further risk factors while region of residence was not related to the manifestation of PHO. Case-relatives did not develop PHO earlier than control relatives. After adjusting for various additional explanatory variables, the Family load explained only 0.0013% of the variance in the manifestation of PHO in the case-probands. DISCUSSION These findings, based on a very large and representative dataset, provide evidence for the Family Aggregation and further risk factors in PHO. In contrast to anxiety disorders and other major mental disorders the Family load of PHO in this nation-wide study was rather low.
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A nation-wide study of the Family Aggregation and risk factors in anorexia nervosa over three generations
The International journal of eating disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Steinhausen, Povl Munk-jørgensen, Dorte Helenius, Helle Jakobsen, Michael StroberAbstract:This nation-wide register-based study investigated how often anorexia nervosa (AN) and co-morbid disorders occur in affected families compared with control families. Furthermore, the study addressed the impact of sex, year of birth, and degree of urbanization in terms of risk factors.; A total of N = 2,370 child and adolescent psychiatric subjects born between 1951 and 1996 and registered in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register (DPCRR) had any mental disorder before the age of 18 and developed AN at some point during their life-time. In addition, N = 7,035 controls without any psychiatric diagnosis before age 18 and matched for age, sex, and residential region were included. Psychiatric diagnoses were also obtained on the first-degree relatives as a part of the Danish Three Generation Study (3GS). A Family load component was obtained by using various mixed regression models.; AN occurred significantly more often in case than in control families. AN Risk factors included having a sibling with AN, affective disorders in Family members, and co-morbid affective, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, personality, or substance use disorders. Furthermore, female sex, and ascending year of birth were significantly associated with having AN. Urbanization was not related to the Family load of AN and case-relatives did not develop AN earlier than control relatives.; These findings based on a very large and representative dataset provide evidence for the Family Aggregation and further risk factors in AN. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1-8).
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Family Aggregation and risk factors of obsessive compulsive disorders in a nationwide three generation study
Depression and Anxiety, 2013Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Steinhausen, Charlotte Bisgaard, Povl Munkjorgensen, Dorte HeleniusAbstract:BACKGROUND: This nationwide register-based study investigates how often obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) with different age at diagnosis occur in affected families compared to control families. Furthermore, the study addresses the impact of certain risk factors, that is, sex, degree of urbanization, year of birth, and maternal and paternal age at birth. METHODS: A total of N = 2,057 child and adolescent psychiatric subjects born between 1952 and 2000 and registered in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register developed OCD before the age of 18. In addition, N = 6,055 controls without any psychiatric diagnosis before age 18 and matched for age, sex, and residential region were included. Psychiatric diagnoses were also obtained for the first-degree relatives as a part of the Danish Three-Generation Study. A Family load component was obtained by using various mixed regression models. RESULTS: OCD occurred significantly more often in case than in control families. Having a mother, father, sibling, or an offspring with the disorder was proven to be a risk factor. Maternal age above 35 years, male sex by tendency, and ascending year of birth were associated with having OCD. Furthermore, case relatives did not develop OCD earlier than control relatives. The risk of OCD in the case probands was significantly increased when first-degree Family members had either OCD, or tic disorders, or affective disorders, or anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS: These findings based on a very large and representative dataset provide further and very solid evidence for the high Family Aggregation of OCD.
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Family Aggregation AND RISK FACTORS OF OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE DISORDERS IN A NATIONWIDE THREE-GENERATION STUDY
Depression and anxiety, 2013Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Steinhausen, Povl Munk-jørgensen, Charlotte Bisgaard, Dorte HeleniusAbstract:Background This nationwide register-based study investigates how often obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD) with different age at diagnosis occur in affected families compared to control families. Furthermore, the study addresses the impact of certain risk factors, that is, sex, degree of urbanization, year of birth, and maternal and paternal age at birth. Methods A total of N = 2,057 child and adolescent psychiatric subjects born between 1952 and 2000 and registered in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register developed OCD before the age of 18. In addition, N = 6,055 controls without any psychiatric diagnosis before age 18 and matched for age, sex, and residential region were included. Psychiatric diagnoses were also obtained for the first-degree relatives as a part of the Danish Three-Generation Study. A Family load component was obtained by using various mixed regression models. Results OCD occurred significantly more often in case than in control families. Having a mother, father, sibling, or an offspring with the disorder was proven to be a risk factor. Maternal age above 35 years, male sex by tendency, and ascending year of birth were associated with having OCD. Furthermore, case relatives did not develop OCD earlier than control relatives. The risk of OCD in the case probands was significantly increased when first-degree Family members had either OCD, or tic disorders, or affective disorders, or anxiety disorders. Conclusions These findings based on a very large and representative dataset provide further and very solid evidence for the high Family Aggregation of OCD.
Ralph E. Tarter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prepubertal sons of substance abusers: Influences of parental and familial substance abuse on behavioral disposition, IQ, and school achievement
Addictive behaviors, 1995Co-Authors: Howard B. Moss, Michael Vanyukov, Partha P. Majumder, Levent Kirisci, Ralph E. TarterAbstract:In order to better understand the transgeneration liability for a substance abuse disorder, we investigated the impact of parental and familial substance abuse disorders on prepubertal boys. Specifically, the influence of each parent's substance abuse history and the effects of significant Family Aggregation of substance abuse disorders were tested as predictors of the child's behavioral disposition, IQ, and school achievement scores, while controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). Sons of substance abusing fathers were found to have higher externalizing and internalizing problem-behavior scores, lower IQ scores, and lower school achievement scores. Internalizing and externalizing problem-behavior scores were most strongly associated with bilineal parental substance abuse, whereas SES and paternal substance abuse were most strongly associated with IQ and school performance scores. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that although paternal substance abuse has an adverse impact on the son's functioning, bilineal parental substance abuse is associated with the greatest behavioral deviancy among prepubertal males and is associated with a greater liability for substance abuse.
Eduardo Villamor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Correlates and Family Aggregation of vitamin D concentrations in school-aged children and their parents in nine Mesoamerican countries.
Public health nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Sonia L Robinson, Ana Victoria Roman, Manuel Ramirez-zea, Eduardo VillamorAbstract:Objective To determine the associations of sociodemographic characteristics, diet and outdoor activity as an indicator of sun exposure with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in children and their parents from Mesoamerica. We also quantified Family Aggregation of serum 25(OH)D. Design Cross-sectional study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were quantified using immunoassay. We compared the distribution of 25(OH)D concentrations in adults and children by levels of each correlate with the use of linear regression. Family Aggregation was estimated using Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients. Setting Capital cities of Guatemala, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Belize, and Tuxtla Gutierrez in Mexico. Subjects Children ( n 223) aged 7–12 years and 492 parents. Results Mean ( sd ) 25(OH)D concentrations in adults and children were 81·3 (21·1) and 79·5 (18·1) nmol/l, respectively. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD; 25(OH)D P P =0·03). Among children, 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with male sex ( P =0·005), dairy intake ( P =0·03) and mother’s serum 25(OH)D concentrations ( P P =0·02) and number of home assets ( P =0·04). Family membership explained 31 % of the variability in 25(OH)D concentrations; Aggregation was highest between mothers and children. Conclusions VDD prevalence was low in this study. Sociodemographic characteristics, diet and outdoor activity predict serum 25(OH)D. Family Aggregation of serum 25(OH)D is high between mothers and children.
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sociodemographic correlates and Family Aggregation of leukocyte telomere length in adults and children from mesoamerica
American Journal of Health Behavior, 2017Co-Authors: Kerry S. Flannagan, Erica C. Jansen, Laura S. Rozek, Katie M. Rentschler, Ana Victoria Roman, Manuel Ramirezzea, Eduardo VillamorAbstract:Objective Telomere length is a biomarker of cumulative stress and inflammation related to chronic disease risk. We examined the associations of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and estimated LTL Family Aggregation in Central America, a region with a high burden of chronic disease where LTL has not been studied. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 174 school age children and their parents in the capital cities of Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and the city of Tuxtla-Gutierrez in Mexico. We measured LTL by quantitative PCR in DNA extracted from whole blood. We compared the distribution of LTL by categories of sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics using linear regression. Family Aggregation was estimated with correlation coefficients and intraclass correlations. Results In mothers, LTL was inversely associated with age (P, trend < .0001) and positively associated with height (P = .0002). Among fathers, LTL was inversely associated with food insecurity (P, trend = .0004). In children, boys had 0.10 log units shorter LTL than girls (95% CI: −0.17, −0.03; P = .004). LTL was inversely associated with parental education (P, trend = .01) and positively associated with paternal age at birth (P, trend < .0001), maternal LTL (P, trend = .007), and paternal LTL (P, trend = .02). LTL varied significantly by country of origin among all Family members. Aggregation was greatest between children and their mothers, and mostly occurred at the country, rather than Family, level. Conclusion LTL is associated with age and height in women; food insecurity in men; and sex, parental education, parental LTL, and paternal age at birth among children.
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Sociodemographic correlates and Family Aggregation of leukocyte telomere length in adults and children from Mesoamerica.
American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council, 2016Co-Authors: Kerry S. Flannagan, Erica C. Jansen, Laura S. Rozek, Katie M. Rentschler, Ana Victoria Roman, Manuel Ramirez-zea, Eduardo VillamorAbstract:Objective Telomere length is a biomarker of cumulative stress and inflammation related to chronic disease risk. We examined the associations of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and estimated LTL Family Aggregation in Central America, a region with a high burden of chronic disease where LTL has not been studied. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 174 school age children and their parents in the capital cities of Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and the city of Tuxtla-Gutierrez in Mexico. We measured LTL by quantitative PCR in DNA extracted from whole blood. We compared the distribution of LTL by categories of sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics using linear regression. Family Aggregation was estimated with correlation coefficients and intraclass correlations. Results In mothers, LTL was inversely associated with age (P, trend
Povl Munk-jørgensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Family Aggregation and risk factors in substance use disorders over three generations in a nation-wide study.
PloS one, 2017Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Steinhausen, Helle Jakobsen, Povl Munk-jørgensenAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This nation-wide register-based study investigated how often substance use disorders (SUD) and co-morbid disorders occurred in affected families compared to control families. METHOD: A total of N = 2504 child and adolescent psychiatric participants who were born between 1969 and 1986 and were registered in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register (DPCRR) had a mental disorder before the age of 18 and developed SUD at some point during their life-time. In addition, N = 7472 controls without any psychiatric diagnosis before age 18 and matched for age, sex, and residential region were included. Psychiatric diagnoses of the first-degree relatives were also obtained. A Family load component was assessed. RESULTS: SUD occurred significantly more often in case families than in control families. SUD risk factors included SUD, depression, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, or conduct disorders in the Family. Furthermore, male sex, more recent year of birth, and living in the capital city of Copenhagen were also significantly associated with having SUD. The Family load explained 30% of the SUD manifestation in the case-probands. The findings in the total SUD group were mostly replicated in the two major subgroups of pure alcohol or multiple substance use disorders. DISCUSSION: These findings based on a very large and representative dataset provide additional evidence for the strong Family Aggregation and further risk factors in SUD. The pattern of risk factors is largely the same for the total group of SUD and the major subgroups of pure alcohol and multiple substance use disorders.
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A nation-wide study of the Family Aggregation and risk factors in anorexia nervosa over three generations
The International journal of eating disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Steinhausen, Povl Munk-jørgensen, Dorte Helenius, Helle Jakobsen, Michael StroberAbstract:This nation-wide register-based study investigated how often anorexia nervosa (AN) and co-morbid disorders occur in affected families compared with control families. Furthermore, the study addressed the impact of sex, year of birth, and degree of urbanization in terms of risk factors.; A total of N = 2,370 child and adolescent psychiatric subjects born between 1951 and 1996 and registered in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register (DPCRR) had any mental disorder before the age of 18 and developed AN at some point during their life-time. In addition, N = 7,035 controls without any psychiatric diagnosis before age 18 and matched for age, sex, and residential region were included. Psychiatric diagnoses were also obtained on the first-degree relatives as a part of the Danish Three Generation Study (3GS). A Family load component was obtained by using various mixed regression models.; AN occurred significantly more often in case than in control families. AN Risk factors included having a sibling with AN, affective disorders in Family members, and co-morbid affective, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, personality, or substance use disorders. Furthermore, female sex, and ascending year of birth were significantly associated with having AN. Urbanization was not related to the Family load of AN and case-relatives did not develop AN earlier than control relatives.; These findings based on a very large and representative dataset provide evidence for the Family Aggregation and further risk factors in AN. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1-8).
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Family Aggregation AND RISK FACTORS OF OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE DISORDERS IN A NATIONWIDE THREE-GENERATION STUDY
Depression and anxiety, 2013Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Steinhausen, Povl Munk-jørgensen, Charlotte Bisgaard, Dorte HeleniusAbstract:Background This nationwide register-based study investigates how often obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD) with different age at diagnosis occur in affected families compared to control families. Furthermore, the study addresses the impact of certain risk factors, that is, sex, degree of urbanization, year of birth, and maternal and paternal age at birth. Methods A total of N = 2,057 child and adolescent psychiatric subjects born between 1952 and 2000 and registered in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register developed OCD before the age of 18. In addition, N = 6,055 controls without any psychiatric diagnosis before age 18 and matched for age, sex, and residential region were included. Psychiatric diagnoses were also obtained for the first-degree relatives as a part of the Danish Three-Generation Study. A Family load component was obtained by using various mixed regression models. Results OCD occurred significantly more often in case than in control families. Having a mother, father, sibling, or an offspring with the disorder was proven to be a risk factor. Maternal age above 35 years, male sex by tendency, and ascending year of birth were associated with having OCD. Furthermore, case relatives did not develop OCD earlier than control relatives. The risk of OCD in the case probands was significantly increased when first-degree Family members had either OCD, or tic disorders, or affective disorders, or anxiety disorders. Conclusions These findings based on a very large and representative dataset provide further and very solid evidence for the high Family Aggregation of OCD.
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Family Aggregation of mental disorders in the nationwide Danish three generation study
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Steinhausen, Leslie Foldager, Gurli Perto, Povl Munk-jørgensenAbstract:Objective The study of familial Aggregation of major mental disorders in a national population. Method Within a Danish register-based cohort study, Aggregation of mental disorders was analysed in all case-probands with first psychiatric contact before the age of 19 years in the time period between 1 April 1969 and 29 June 2004 followed up until the age of 35 years, their first-degree relatives, and a matched group of control-probands including their first-degree relatives. Results Hazard rate ratios were significantly elevated for cases as compared to controls for all diagnoses among probands, parents, and siblings. Among children of the probands, these ratios were significantly elevated for neurotic (anxiety) disorders, mental retardation, developmental disorders, behavioural and emotional disorders of childhood and adolescence, and miscellaneous disorders. Family Aggregation of any diagnosis was significantly higher in probands with substance use disorder, schizophrenia, affective disorders, neurotic (anxiety) disorders, and miscellaneous disorders. There was specificity of familial transmission for affective and neurotic (anxiety) disorders. Conclusion This large nationwide study found some differential patterns of familial Aggregation of major mental disorders.
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Family Aggregation of mental disorders in the nationwide Danish three generation study
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Steinhausen, Leslie Foldager, Gurli Perto, Povl Munk-jørgensenAbstract:Objective The study of familial Aggregation of major mental disorders in a national population.
Howard B. Moss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prepubertal sons of substance abusers: Influences of parental and familial substance abuse on behavioral disposition, IQ, and school achievement
Addictive behaviors, 1995Co-Authors: Howard B. Moss, Michael Vanyukov, Partha P. Majumder, Levent Kirisci, Ralph E. TarterAbstract:In order to better understand the transgeneration liability for a substance abuse disorder, we investigated the impact of parental and familial substance abuse disorders on prepubertal boys. Specifically, the influence of each parent's substance abuse history and the effects of significant Family Aggregation of substance abuse disorders were tested as predictors of the child's behavioral disposition, IQ, and school achievement scores, while controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). Sons of substance abusing fathers were found to have higher externalizing and internalizing problem-behavior scores, lower IQ scores, and lower school achievement scores. Internalizing and externalizing problem-behavior scores were most strongly associated with bilineal parental substance abuse, whereas SES and paternal substance abuse were most strongly associated with IQ and school performance scores. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that although paternal substance abuse has an adverse impact on the son's functioning, bilineal parental substance abuse is associated with the greatest behavioral deviancy among prepubertal males and is associated with a greater liability for substance abuse.
