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Martin Kašný - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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geographical distribution of the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna in the czech republic and potential risk of its further spread
Veterinarni Medicina, 2018Co-Authors: Martin Kašný, Jan Pankrác, Roman Leontovyc, L Beran, V Siegelova, T Siegel, K Berankova, M Kostakova, Petr HorákAbstract:The giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, is of interest to wild-life managers, veterinarians and researchers, due to its unusual body size (3-10 cm), high pathogenic potential and because it is continuously spreading to new areas, especially in Europe. Annually, the number of cases of animal infections (mainly cervids and bovids) cau sed by this fluke is monitored in many European countries, including the Czech Republic (with some foci of prevalence over 90%). During the years 2009 and 2010, 1622 survey forms focused on monitoring of fascioloidosis were distributed in the community of "Czech Inspectors of Hunted Game" (CIHG), and 21.3% of forms containing positive or negative response about F. magna occurrence were returned. The administra- tive units monitored by particular CIHG, who answered the forms, were geographically equally distributed and therefore we believe that also the recorded distribution of F. magna in wild-life animals reflects the real situa- tion in the Czech Republic. A significant number of cases of F. magna infection were repeatedly reported from areas in the south-west part of the Czech Republic. Moreover, our report contains also some unique records of several new F. magna foci in the western (close to the German border), northern (close to the Polish border) and central parts of the Czech Republic, supporting the assumption that the parasite is spreading further throughout Europe. In five game administrative units F. magna infection was directly confirmed by examination of dis - sected deer livers or by microscopic examination of coprological samples, followed by isolation of DNA from adults and eggs and further molecular analyses. Fascioloides magna intermediate host snails (Galba truncatula and Radix spp.) were collected during 2009 and 2010 from different localities of the Czech Republic, kept in aquaria, examined for shedding of F. magna cercariae, dissected and parasite/snail DNA was isolated. After PCR with specific primers for parasite/snail internal transcribed region number two (ITS-2) the obtained sequences confirmed identification of the following species: F. magna, G. truncatula, R. peregra, R. lagotis, R. labiata and R. auricularia. Although it has been demonstrated that the number of areas with positive cases of fascioloidosis is still growing, the risk of pathogenic impact of F. magna on populations of free-living animals and farming cervids/bovids is generally underestimated.
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complete mitochondrial genome of the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna digenea fasciolidae and its comparison with selected trematodes
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Guohua Liu, Martin Kašný, Roman Leontovyc, Xingquan ZhuAbstract:Background Representatives of the trematode family Fasciolidae are responsible for major socio-economic losses worldwide. Fascioloides magna is an important pathogenic liver fluke of wild and domestic ungulates. To date, only a limited number of studies concerning the molecular biology of F. magna exist. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of F. magna, and assess the phylogenetic relationships of this fluke with other trematodes based on the mtDNA dataset.
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Additional file 2: Table S2. of Complete mitochondrial genome of the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna (Digenea: Fasciolidae) and its comparison with selected trematodes
2016Co-Authors: Guohua Liu, Martin Kašný, Roman Leontovyc, Xingquan ZhuAbstract:Comparison of A + T content of mitochondrial genomes of Fascioloides magna (Fm), Fasciola hepatica (Fh) and Fasciola gigantica (Fg). (DOCX 20 kb
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metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics in giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna
Xenobiotica, 2016Co-Authors: Lukas Prchal, Martin Kašný, Ivan Vokřal, Lenka Rejskova, Marketa Zajickova, J Lamka, Lenka Skalova, Lenka Lecova, Barbora SzotakovaAbstract:Abstract1. Giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna is a dangerous parasite, which infects herbivores. It was imported to Europe from North America and started to spread. Benzimidazoles like albendazole, mebendazole, triclabendazole and salicylanilides closantel and rafoxanide are the most used anthelmintics to control fascioloidosis. However their effect might be altered via drug-metabolizing enzymes of this parasite.2. The aim of our study was to determine the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in F. magna and the metabolism of above mentioned anthelmintics.3. Activities of several oxidative, reductive and conjugative enzymes towards various model xenobiotic substrates were found in F. magna subcellular fractions.4. Subcellular fractions from F. magna oxidized albendazole to its sulphoxide metabolite and reduced mebendazole to hydroxyl-mebendazole. Under ex vivo conditions, only very-low concentrations of these compounds were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.5. Th...
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lymnaea cubensis an experimental intermediate host for Fascioloides magna
Folia Parasitologica, 2014Co-Authors: P Vignoles, Gilles Dreyfuss, Jan Pankrác, Johan Höglund, Martin Kašný, Adam Novobilský, J P Pointier, D. RondelaudAbstract:Single-miracidium infections of Lymnaea cubensis (Pfeiffer) from Guadeloupe with the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875) (Digenea) were carried out during five successive snail generations to determine if this lymnaeid might sustain complete larval development of the parasite. Controls were constituted by a French population of Galba truncatula (Miller) (a single generation) infected according to the same protocol. It was recorded that prevalence and intensity of F. magna infection in L. cubensis progressively increased from F1 to F5 generations. Cercarial shedding of F. magna was noted only within F5 generation of L. cubensis. However, most measured parameters of infection in this species were significantly lower than those noted for G. truncatula and most L. cubensis died after a single shedding wave. Despite this, L. cubensis can be added to the list of potential intermediate hosts of F. magna.
Břetislav Koudela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna bassi 1875 in cervids in the czech republic and potential of its spreading to germany
Parasitology Research, 2006Co-Authors: Adam Novobilský, Eva Horáčková, Lenka Hirtová, David Modrý, Břetislav KoudelaAbstract:The giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna is an important parasite of cervids in Europe. From September 2003 to December 2005, faecal samples and livers of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) were investigated to determine the current distribution of the fluke in the Czech Republic. Faecal samples were collected from 20 different areas, and livers of hunted deer were dissected from each locality to confirm F. magna infection. The prevalence of F. magna in examined areas determined by coprological examination varied from 4% to 95%. Moreover, new foci of F. magna infection were discovered in all localities in the Sumava mountains where F. magna was observed; this has epizootiological importance due to the possibility of the spread of F. magna into the German territory (Bavaria).
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cercarial production of Fascioloides magna in the snail galba truncatula gastropoda lymnaeidae
Parasitology Research, 2006Co-Authors: P Vignoles, D. Rondelaud, Adam Novobilský, V Bellet, P Treuil, Břetislav Koudela, Gilles DreyfussAbstract:Single-miracidium infections of Fascioloides magna in two populations of Galba truncatula were carried out under laboratory conditions to count free rediae and cercariae in snail cadavers just after death. Cercaria-shedding snails were in low numbers, and their shell height at day 60 p.e. was significantly greater than that of numerous infected snails that died without cercarial shedding. In snails that died between days 44 and 60 p.e. (at 20°C), the numbers of second-generation rediae significantly increased with increasing shell heights of infected snails. First-generation rediae showed insignificant, quantitative variations, while scarce rediae of the third generation were only found in the highest snails. Cercariae were only produced by the second redial generation. In both groups of snails, free cercariae appeared from 6 mm of shell height, and their numbers increased in the upper classes up to 32.9 per snail. Metacercariae were only found from 9 mm of shell height and were in low numbers. The global cercarial production ranged from 163.5 to 210.0 in the highest classes of snail size from both groups and was limited, whereas the mean burdens of free rediae fluctuated from 39.5 to 43.9. The death of numerous infected snails without cercarial shedding might be explained by the presence of a very high number of second-generation rediae simultaneously growing within the body of these snails.
Thomas M. Craig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morphological characterization of adult Fascioloides magna (Trematoda: Fasciolidae): first SEM report.
Parasitology research, 2011Co-Authors: Soraya Naem, Christine M. Budke, Thomas M. CraigAbstract:Five adult Fascioloides magna specimens were recovered from the livers of naturally infected calves from Texas, USA. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological characteristics of the trematodes. These mature flukes measured 35–100 mm in length by 15–25 mm in width and had an oval dorsoventrally flattened body, with no anterior cone. The tegument was armed with sharp spines. Around the oral and ventral suckers, some of the spines were small, with a sharp point, while others had serrated edges with 15–22 sharp points. The surface of the oral sucker was covered by an interesting pattern of tegument, small dome-shaped and ciliated papillae. The ventral sucker showed a smooth surface and two unknown spine-like structures. There were fewer spines at the base of the genital pore than on other parts of the anterior end of the worm. At the anterior end of the ventral side, well-developed spines were observed, while at the posterior end of the ventral side, the spines were small, mostly with one or three points and blunted edges. At the posterior end of the dorsal side, the spines became progressively fewer, smaller, and shorter. Around the excretory pore, the tegument was folded, with no spines, and small groups of dome-shaped and ciliated papillae were present. The cirrus organ showed a smooth surface, with small pores on the dorsal side and small groups of tiny spines between the folds. The eggs measured 168 × 101 μm and had a protoplasmic appendage at the pole opposite the operculum. At the posterior end of the dorsal side, and toward the right, a pore with a very thin rim was present, which could be the terminus of Laurer’s canal.
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enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot analysis of excretory secretory proteins of Fascioloides magna and fasciola hepatica
Veterinary Parasitology, 1995Co-Authors: Tariq Qureshi, G G Wagner, Lynn D Drawer, Donald S Davis, Thomas M. CraigAbstract:Fasciola hepatica is a parasite of cattle (Bos taurus), but not of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), while Fascioloides magna is a parasite of white-tailed deer which also infects cattle as dead-end host. Adult parasites were collected from naturally infected white-tailed deer or cattle. Excretory-secretory proteins (ESP) were obtained from each parasite. Protein banding patterns were analysed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and probed using sera from experimentally infected deer of cattle using enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB, also known as Western blot) analysis. Protein banding patterns of the two species were different. EITB analysis of Fascioloides magna ESP using sera from Fascioloides magna infected deer or cattle identified three bands of approximately 17, 22 and 27 kDa of which the 27 kDa antigen cross-reacted with sera from Fasciola hepatica infected cattle. EITB analysis of Fasciola hepatica ESP probed with sera from Fasciola hepatica infected cattle identified three bands of approximately 15, 26 and 46 kDa. The 46 and 26 kDa ESP cross-reacted with sera from Fascioloides magna infected cattle, but not with sera from Fascioloides magna infected deer. The band at 15 kDa which reacted specifically for Fasciola hepatica infected cattle sera consisted of two protein bands close to each other as seen on the SDS-PAGE gel. The EITB reaction at approximately 17 kDa and 22 kDa of Fascioloides magna ESP, and at approximately 15 kDa of Fasciola hepatica ESP can be used for species specific diagnosis.
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use of bait containing triclabendazole to treat Fascioloides magna infections in free ranging white tailed deer
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 1994Co-Authors: Tariq Qureshi, Donald S Davis, Lynn D Drawe, Thomas M. CraigAbstract:Triclabendazole-medicated corn bait was given to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the Welder Wildlife Refuge, Sinton, Texas (USA), at a dose of 11 mg/kg body weight per deer per day for seven days, for control of Fascioloides magna. Medicated bait was offered for one week each during the winters of 1987, 1988, and 1989. Deer collected from treated areas, from baited control and from unbaited control areas were examined before the start of the study in 1987, and four weeks after the end of the baiting period in each of three years. Prior to the study, prevalence of fluke infection was 68%. After treatment with triclabendazole medicated corn, 13 (56%) of 23 deer collected were infected with flukes of which 15% had live parasites; this was evidence for therapeutic treatment. Of the deer collected in the baited and unbaited control areas, 63% and 80%, respectively, were infected only with live flukes. Prevalence of live flukes in deer was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the treatment pasture than in the baited or unbaited control areas in each of the three years. Efficacy of the baiting system over the three years was 63% when comparing the treatment area and the baited control area.
Eva Bazsalovicsová - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mitochondrial genotyping of Fascioloides magna from Bavaria, Germany.
Acta parasitologica, 2017Co-Authors: Eva Bazsalovicsová, Ivica Králová-hromadová, Ludmila Juhásová, Steffen RehbeinAbstract:In last few years, a great effort has been made to understand genetic interrelationships of European and North American populations of giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna (Trematoda, Fasciolidae). In Europe, spatial distribution of this parasite is evidently dynamic and ongoing process since new F. magna populations have constantly been emerging. Most recently, occurrence of F. magna in red deer (Cervus elaphus), sika deer (Cervus nippon), fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) was reported from north-eastern Bavaria in Germany. Fascioloides magna specimens collected from those hosts were genotyped using two mitochondrial regions; cytochrome c oxidase (cox1) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase (nad1). Results were compared with reference mitochondrial haplotypes of previously characterized European F. magna populations from northern Italy, Czech Republic/Poland, and the Danube floodplain forests. The study revealed genetic uniformity of F. magna specimens from Germany with flukes from the Czech focus, what indicated that fascioloidosis has been spreading beyond well established Czech focus into neighbouring countries.
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Transmission risk assessment of invasive fluke Fascioloides magna using GIS-modelling and multicriteria analysis methods
Helminthologia, 2017Co-Authors: Ludmila Juhásová, Ivica Králová-hromadová, Martina Zeleňáková, Peter Blišťan, Eva BazsalovicsováAbstract:Summary The combination of multicriteria analysis (MCA), particularly analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information system (GIS) were applied for transmission risk assessment of Fascioloides magna (Trematoda; Fasciolidae) in south-western Slovakia. Based on the details on F. magna life cycle, the following risk factors (RF) of parasite transmission were determined: intermediate (RFIH) and final hosts (RFFH) (biological factors), annual precipitation (RFAP), land use (RFLU), flooded area (RFFA), and annual mean air temperature (RFAT) (environmental factors). Two types of risk analyses were modelled: (1) potential risk analysis was focused on the determination of the potential risk of parasite transmission into novel territories (data on F. magna occurrence were excluded); (2) actual risk analysis considered also the summary data on F. magna occurrence in the model region (risk factor parasite occurrence RFPO included in the analysis). The results of the potential risk analysis provided novel distribution pattern and revealed new geographical area as the potential risk zone of F. magna occurrence. Although the actual risk analysis revealed all four risk zones of F. magna transmission (acceptable, moderate, undesirable and unacceptable), its outputs were significantly affected by the data on parasite occurrence what reduced the informative value of the actual transmission risk assessment.
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A genetic structure of novel population of Fascioloides magna from Poland, Podkarpackie Province, indicates an expanding second European natural focus of fascioloidosis.
Acta parasitologica, 2016Co-Authors: Ľudmila Juhásová, Ivica Králová-hromadová, Eva Bazsalovicsová, Jacek KaramonAbstract:The veterinary important parasite of ruminants, giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna(Trematoda: Fasciolidae), isolated from liver of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama) from Podkarpackie Province (southeastern Poland) was genotypized by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (cox1) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase (nad1) markers. The data on this newly emerged population were compared with mitochondrial haplotypes of recently detected Polish population of F. magna from Lower Silesian Wilderness (southwestern Poland) and with European populations of the parasite from all three natural foci; northern Italy, Czech Republic and the Danube floodplain forests. The flukes from Podkarpackie Province were found to be genetically identical with flukes from Czech Republic and Lower Silesian Wilderness in Poland. It is evident that central and southwestern Czech Republic, recognized as one of the endemic area of F. magna in Europe, has been enlarging and parasite has been invading several novel localities in Poland.
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Intermediate Hosts of Fascioloides magna
SpringerBriefs in Animal Sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Ivica Králová-hromadová, Ludmila Juhásová, Eva BazsalovicsováAbstract:The complexity of the life cycle of Fascioloides magna and its ability to invade new region is ensured by the presence of suitable intermediate hosts, in particular aquatic pulmonate mollusks, in which larval development of the parasite takes place. This Chapter summarizes intermediate snail hosts of giant liver fluke specific in North America and Europe. In North America, six species of the family Lymnaeidae were found to be naturally infected with F. magna (Lymnaea caperata, Lymnaea modicella, Stagnicola palustris nuttalliana, Pseudosuccinea columella, Galba bulimoides techella and Fossaria parva). In Europe, Galba (syn. Lymnaea) truncatula, Radix labiata and Radix peregra were found to be naturally infected. Besides natural infections, number of snail species were experimentally infected with F. magna in order to determine their potential to serve as the intermediate hosts of giant liver fluke. The mature cercariae able to develop into infective metacercariae stages, were detected in snails of the genera Lymnaea and Pseudosuccinea (family Lymnaeidae) in North America and in lymnaeid genera Galba, Lymnaea, Omphiscola, Pseudosuccinea and Stagnicola in Europe. It is evident, that broader spectrum of aquatic mollusks is susceptible to F. magna infection and may serve as its potential intermediate hosts.
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General Information About Fascioloides magna
SpringerBriefs in Animal Sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Ivica Králová-hromadová, Ludmila Juhásová, Eva BazsalovicsováAbstract:Giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna is a veterinary important liver parasite of free-living and domestic ruminants. This chapter provides general characterization and basic data on the parasite, with focus on its taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, clinical signs, pathology and treatment. Different taxonomic classification and scientific names of the species, and currently accepted taxonomy of F. magna are provided in Sect. 1.1. The second part is dealing with morphological description of the parasite, which belongs to the largest flukes worldwide. Fascioloides magna utilizes aquatic snails as the intermediate hosts and a wide range of free-living and domestic ruminants as the final hosts. The life cycle of the parasite, divided into four developmental stages, is described in the third subchapter. The fourth part is focused on characterization of clinical signs of fascioloidosis, which are specific for particular type of the final host. Typical pathological changes of F. magna infection, described in the fifth subchapter, are fibrous pseudocysts of sedentary adult flukes leading to enlargement of the liver. The last subchapter summarizes the broad spectrum of anthelmintic drugs (e.g. benzimidazoles, salicylanilides, sulphonamides etc.) used for fascioloidosis treatment in different ruminants. Out of them, triclabendazole and rafoxanide proved high efficacy against adult and immature flukes; however, no specific therapeutics are available till now.
Margo J. Pybus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fascioloides magna in moose alces alces from elk island national park alberta
Veterinary Pathology, 2019Co-Authors: Todd K. Shury, Margo J. Pybus, Nick Nation, Normand L. Cool, James W. RettieAbstract:Thirty-seven adult female moose ( Alces alces) from 2 distinct but adjacent populations in Elk Island National Park (EINP), Alberta, Canada (19 in north EINP and 18 in south EINP), were fitted with mortality-sensing VHF radio-collars, and radio signals were acquired daily to ascertain mortality status. At capture, serum, whole blood, and feces were collected; pregnancy was determined; teeth were aged by visual inspection; and a portion of liver was assessed by ultrasound examination. Postmortem examination was conducted on 20 suitable carcasses. Clinical pathological abnormalities, including eosinophilia, polycythemia, elevated levels of liver enzymes in serum, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell distribution, and liver damage as seen in ultrasound images occurred only in moose from north EINP. Infected moose had 4.7 ± 4.8 Fascioloides magna flukes per liver (mean ± SD). The proportion of moose pregnant at capture was similar in both populations (74% in north EINP, 61% in south EINP). Proportional mortality was significantly higher in moose from the north (68%) than the south (32%). Fascioloides magna was associated as a cause of death in 7 of 14 (50%) moose in the north where cause of death was determined, while predation ( n = 1), acute toxemic syndrome ( n = 3), dystocia ( n = 1), and roadkill and undetermined causes ( n = 3) were additional causes of mortality. F. magna was associated with poor body condition and was a major cause of mortality in north EINP but not south EINP, despite very similar habitat and proximity, suggesting a significant role for these flukes in affecting health and viability of naturally infected moose populations.
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Supplemental Material, DS1_VET_10.1177_0300985818823776 - Fascioloides magna in Moose (Alces alces) From Elk Island National Park, Alberta
2019Co-Authors: Todd K. Shury, Margo J. Pybus, Nick Nation, Normand L. Cool, James W. RettieAbstract:Supplemental Material, DS1_VET_10.1177_0300985818823776 for Fascioloides magna in Moose (Alces alces) From Elk Island National Park, Alberta by Todd K. Shury, Margo J. Pybus, Nick Nation, Normand L. Cool, and W. James Rettie in Veterinary Pathology
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genetic interrelationships of north american populations of giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Eva Bazsalovicsová, Gabriel Minárik, Jan Štefka, Ivica Kralovahromadova, Silvia Bokorova, Margo J. PybusAbstract:Population structure and genetic interrelationships of giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna from all enzootic North American regions were revealed in close relation with geographical distribution of its obligate definitive cervid hosts for the first time. Variable fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1; 384 bp) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1; 405 bp) were applied as a tool. The concatenated data set of both cox1 and nad1 sequences (789 bp) contained 222 sequences that resulted in 50 haplotypes. Genetic data were analysed using Bayesian Inference (BI), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clades of F. magna, which separated the parasite into western and eastern populations. Western populations included samples from Rocky Mountain trench (Alberta) and northern Pacific coast (British Columbia and Oregon), whereas, the eastern populations were represented by individuals from the Great Lakes region (Minnesota), Gulf coast, lower Mississippi, and southern Atlantic seaboard region (Mississippi, Louisiana, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida) and northern Quebec and Labrador. Haplotype network and results of AMOVA analysis confirmed explicit genetic separation of western and eastern populations of the parasite that suggests long term historical isolation of F. magna populations. The genetic makeup of the parasite’s populations correlates with data on historical distribution of its hosts. Based on the mitochondrial data there are no signs of host specificity of F. magna adults towards any definitive host species; the detected haplotypes of giant liver fluke are shared amongst several host species in adjacent populations.
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an expanding population of the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna in elk cervus canadensis and other ungulates in canada
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Margo J. Pybus, Eric W Butterworth, John G WoodsAbstract:Abstract Giant liver fluke (Fascioloides magna) populations readily expand under suitable conditions. Although extirpated from the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains in the early 1960s, the fluke reappeared following natural spread through mountain passes from British Columbia. Herein, we assessed epizootiology of the fluke population two decades later. Between 1984 and 1991, 534 ungulates, including 381 elk (Cervus canadensis), 68 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 54 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and 31 moose (Alces alces) from adjacent areas of Alberta (AB) and British Columbia (BC), Canada, were examined for giant liver flukes. Prevalence in elk increased from 53% to 79% (1984–91) in Banff National Park (BNP) in AB and 77% to 100% (1985–89) in Kootenay National Park (KNP) in BC. Super-infections (>100 flukes) were more common in later years. Generally, prevalence increased over time and with increasing age of elk. Intensity was lowest in young-of-year (BNP 8±5, KNP 3),...