The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hannes Lohi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inadequate socialisation inactivity and urban living environment are associated with social Fearfulness in pet dogs
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Jenni Puurunen, Emma Hakanen, Milla Salonen, Salla Mikkola, Sini Sulkama, Cesar L Araujo, Hannes LohiAbstract:Problematic behaviours are severe welfare issues for one of the world's most popular pets, the domestic dog. One of the most prevalent behavioural problem that causes distress to dogs is social Fearfulness, meaning fear of conspecifics or unfamiliar people. To identify demographic and environmental factors associated with fear of dogs and strangers, logistic regression was utilised with a large dataset of 6,000 pet dogs collected through an owner-filled behavioural survey. Social Fearfulness was associated with several factors, including urban environment, poor socialisation during puppyhood, infrequent participation in training and other activities, small body size, female sex, and neutering. In addition, we identified several breed differences, suggesting a genetic contribution to social Fearfulness. These findings highlight the role of inadequate socialisation, inactivity, and urban living environmental in fear-related behavioural problems in dogs. Improvements in the management and breeding practices of dogs could, therefore, enhance the welfare of man's best friend.
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Fearful dogs have increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine
Scientific reports, 2018Co-Authors: Jenni Puurunen, Katriina Tiira, Katariina Vapalahti, Marko Lehtonen, Kati Hanhineva, Hannes LohiAbstract:Anxiety-related disorders, including Fearfulness are common and leading welfare problems among the worldwide dog population. The etiology of anxieties is complex and affected by genetic and environmental factors. Thus, there is a need for more comprehensive approaches, such as metabolomics, to understand the causes of anxiety and to identify anxiety-related biomarkers for more efficient diagnostic and treatment options. To study metabolic alterations related to canine Fearfulness, a non-targeted plasma metabolite profiling was performed in a cohort of 20 fearful and 21 non-fearful dogs. The results showed that nine metabolic features were significantly associated with Fearfulness. The most prominent change included increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine (γ-Glu Gln) in fearful dogs across breeds. Alterations in glutamine metabolism have previously been associated with several psychiatric disorders, indicating the relevance of this finding also in dogs. In addition, we describe a novel breed-specific association between renal biomarker symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and canine Fearfulness. These observed metabolic alterations may result from high levels of prolonged psychological stress in fearful dogs.
Jenni Puurunen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inadequate socialisation inactivity and urban living environment are associated with social Fearfulness in pet dogs
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Jenni Puurunen, Emma Hakanen, Milla Salonen, Salla Mikkola, Sini Sulkama, Cesar L Araujo, Hannes LohiAbstract:Problematic behaviours are severe welfare issues for one of the world's most popular pets, the domestic dog. One of the most prevalent behavioural problem that causes distress to dogs is social Fearfulness, meaning fear of conspecifics or unfamiliar people. To identify demographic and environmental factors associated with fear of dogs and strangers, logistic regression was utilised with a large dataset of 6,000 pet dogs collected through an owner-filled behavioural survey. Social Fearfulness was associated with several factors, including urban environment, poor socialisation during puppyhood, infrequent participation in training and other activities, small body size, female sex, and neutering. In addition, we identified several breed differences, suggesting a genetic contribution to social Fearfulness. These findings highlight the role of inadequate socialisation, inactivity, and urban living environmental in fear-related behavioural problems in dogs. Improvements in the management and breeding practices of dogs could, therefore, enhance the welfare of man's best friend.
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Fearful dogs have increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine
Scientific reports, 2018Co-Authors: Jenni Puurunen, Katriina Tiira, Katariina Vapalahti, Marko Lehtonen, Kati Hanhineva, Hannes LohiAbstract:Anxiety-related disorders, including Fearfulness are common and leading welfare problems among the worldwide dog population. The etiology of anxieties is complex and affected by genetic and environmental factors. Thus, there is a need for more comprehensive approaches, such as metabolomics, to understand the causes of anxiety and to identify anxiety-related biomarkers for more efficient diagnostic and treatment options. To study metabolic alterations related to canine Fearfulness, a non-targeted plasma metabolite profiling was performed in a cohort of 20 fearful and 21 non-fearful dogs. The results showed that nine metabolic features were significantly associated with Fearfulness. The most prominent change included increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine (γ-Glu Gln) in fearful dogs across breeds. Alterations in glutamine metabolism have previously been associated with several psychiatric disorders, indicating the relevance of this finding also in dogs. In addition, we describe a novel breed-specific association between renal biomarker symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and canine Fearfulness. These observed metabolic alterations may result from high levels of prolonged psychological stress in fearful dogs.
Cynthia L Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physiological regulation and Fearfulness as predictors of young children s empathy related reactions
Social Development, 2011Co-Authors: Jeffrey Liew, Natalie D Eggum, Tracy L Spinrad, Mark Reiser, Cynthia L Smith, Nancy Eisenberg, R G Haugen, Anne Kupfer, Kathryn Lemerychalfant, Melinda E BahamAbstract:Indices of physiological regulation (i.e., resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] and RSA suppression) and observed Fearfulness were tested as predictors of empathy-related reactions to an unfamiliar person's simulated distress within and across 18 (T1, N = 247) and 30 (T2, N = 216) months of age. Controlling for T1 helping, high RSA suppression and low Fearfulness at T1 predicted T2 helping. In a structural model, empathic concern was marginally positively related to resting RSA at both assessments whereas personal distress was related to RSA suppression within time (marginally positively at T1 and significantly negatively at T2). Fearfulness was associated with self-oriented, distress-related reactions within time. Comfort seeking (an index of personal distress) declined in mean level with age whereas helping increased, and both behaviors exhibited differential continuity (as did resting RSA). Individual, as well as developmental, differences in the types of reactions that young children exhibit when witnessing others' suffering and distress were discussed.
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development of shyness relations with children s Fearfulness sex and maternal behavior
Infancy, 2009Co-Authors: Natalie D Eggum, Tracy L Spinrad, Mark Reiser, Bridget M Gaertner, Julie Sallquist, Nancy Eisenberg, Cynthia L SmithAbstract:The relations of childhood Fearfulness (observed and adult reported) and adult-reported shyness at 18 (n = 256) and 30 (n = 230) months of age were assessed. Fear was positively related to shyness concurrently and longitudinally, but slightly more consistently at 18 months. The moderating roles of observed maternal sensitivity and children’s sex in the relation between 18-month Fearfulness and 30-month shyness, and between 18- and 30-month shyness, were tested. The positive relation between mother-reported Fearfulness and shyness was strongest for sons of insensitive mothers but was not significant for daughters of sensitive, average, or insensitive mothers. The positive relation between mother-reported 18- and 30-month shyness was strongest for sons of insensitive mothers and for daughters of sensitive mothers. Moreover, when using scores of fear or shyness that were independent of each other, 18-month mother-reported Fearfulness continued to interact with sex and sensitivity to predict 30-month shyness; however, the positive relation between Time 1 and Time 2 shyness was consistent across sex and levels of sensitivity.
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development of shyness relations with children s Fearfulness sex and maternal behavior
Wiley Blackwell, 2009Co-Authors: Natalie D Eggum, Tracy L Spinrad, Mark Reiser, Bridget M Gaertner, Julie Sallquist, Nancy Eisenberg, Cynthia L SmithAbstract:The relations of childhood Fearfulness (observed and adult reported) and adult-reported shyness at 18 (n = 256) and 30 (n = 230) months of age were assessed. Fear was positively related to shyness concurrently and longitudinally, but slightly more consistently at 18 months. The moderating roles of observed maternal sensitivity and children's sex in the relation between 18-month Fearfulness and 30-month shyness, and between 18- and 30-month shyness, were tested. The positive relation between mother-reported Fearfulness and shyness was strongest for sons of insensitive mothers but was not significant for daughters of sensitive, average, or insensitive mothers. The positive relation between mother-reported 18- and 30-month shyness was strongest for sons of insensitive mothers and for daughters of sensitive mothers. Moreover, when using scores of fear or shyness that were independent of each other, 18-month mother-reported Fearfulness continued to interact with sex and sensitivity to predict 30-month shyness;...
Natalie D Eggum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physiological regulation and Fearfulness as predictors of young children s empathy related reactions
Social Development, 2011Co-Authors: Jeffrey Liew, Natalie D Eggum, Tracy L Spinrad, Mark Reiser, Cynthia L Smith, Nancy Eisenberg, R G Haugen, Anne Kupfer, Kathryn Lemerychalfant, Melinda E BahamAbstract:Indices of physiological regulation (i.e., resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] and RSA suppression) and observed Fearfulness were tested as predictors of empathy-related reactions to an unfamiliar person's simulated distress within and across 18 (T1, N = 247) and 30 (T2, N = 216) months of age. Controlling for T1 helping, high RSA suppression and low Fearfulness at T1 predicted T2 helping. In a structural model, empathic concern was marginally positively related to resting RSA at both assessments whereas personal distress was related to RSA suppression within time (marginally positively at T1 and significantly negatively at T2). Fearfulness was associated with self-oriented, distress-related reactions within time. Comfort seeking (an index of personal distress) declined in mean level with age whereas helping increased, and both behaviors exhibited differential continuity (as did resting RSA). Individual, as well as developmental, differences in the types of reactions that young children exhibit when witnessing others' suffering and distress were discussed.
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development of shyness relations with children s Fearfulness sex and maternal behavior
Infancy, 2009Co-Authors: Natalie D Eggum, Tracy L Spinrad, Mark Reiser, Bridget M Gaertner, Julie Sallquist, Nancy Eisenberg, Cynthia L SmithAbstract:The relations of childhood Fearfulness (observed and adult reported) and adult-reported shyness at 18 (n = 256) and 30 (n = 230) months of age were assessed. Fear was positively related to shyness concurrently and longitudinally, but slightly more consistently at 18 months. The moderating roles of observed maternal sensitivity and children’s sex in the relation between 18-month Fearfulness and 30-month shyness, and between 18- and 30-month shyness, were tested. The positive relation between mother-reported Fearfulness and shyness was strongest for sons of insensitive mothers but was not significant for daughters of sensitive, average, or insensitive mothers. The positive relation between mother-reported 18- and 30-month shyness was strongest for sons of insensitive mothers and for daughters of sensitive mothers. Moreover, when using scores of fear or shyness that were independent of each other, 18-month mother-reported Fearfulness continued to interact with sex and sensitivity to predict 30-month shyness; however, the positive relation between Time 1 and Time 2 shyness was consistent across sex and levels of sensitivity.
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development of shyness relations with children s Fearfulness sex and maternal behavior
Wiley Blackwell, 2009Co-Authors: Natalie D Eggum, Tracy L Spinrad, Mark Reiser, Bridget M Gaertner, Julie Sallquist, Nancy Eisenberg, Cynthia L SmithAbstract:The relations of childhood Fearfulness (observed and adult reported) and adult-reported shyness at 18 (n = 256) and 30 (n = 230) months of age were assessed. Fear was positively related to shyness concurrently and longitudinally, but slightly more consistently at 18 months. The moderating roles of observed maternal sensitivity and children's sex in the relation between 18-month Fearfulness and 30-month shyness, and between 18- and 30-month shyness, were tested. The positive relation between mother-reported Fearfulness and shyness was strongest for sons of insensitive mothers but was not significant for daughters of sensitive, average, or insensitive mothers. The positive relation between mother-reported 18- and 30-month shyness was strongest for sons of insensitive mothers and for daughters of sensitive mothers. Moreover, when using scores of fear or shyness that were independent of each other, 18-month mother-reported Fearfulness continued to interact with sex and sensitivity to predict 30-month shyness;...
Miho Inouemurayama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the association between glutamine repeats in the androgen receptor gene and personality traits in dromedary camel camelus dromedarius
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Sherif Ramadan, Amira M Nowier, Yusuke Hori, Miho InouemurayamaAbstract:Temperament traits such as Fearfulness are important as they define an animal's responses to its environment and handling. The increasing automation of daily tasks and growing population limits contact between camels and humans. Such limitations contribute to fear of humans and changes in physical environment. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and androgen receptor (AR) genes are important candidates associated with mammal personality. In our analysis, MAOA exon 15 showed no polymorphism but a novel polymorphism was seen in the camel AR exon 1; 16, 17, 18, and 19 glutamine repeats were detected. We genotyped 138 camels belonging to four Egyptian breeds: Maghrabi (n = 90), Sudani (n = 15), Somali (n = 23), and Baladi (n = 10) for AR. Out of the 90 genotyped Maghrabi camels, we evaluated responses of 33 and 32 mature females to a novel object and exposure to an unfamiliar person, respectively. AR gene showed a significant association based on the principal component (PC) score, which indicated the fear of human touch, and the PC score indicates fear during interaction with novel objects. Individuals carrying a shorter genotype in homozygote (S/S) were found to be more fearful. Furthermore, we found that Sudani and Somali breeds had a higher frequency of shorter genotype (S/S), which was associated with increased Fearfulness. These findings reflect the behavioral tendency and consequently, affect the use of this breed. This is the first report showing the role of AR glutamine repeats influencing a behavioral trait in dromedary camels and leading to inter-breed differences. Fear-related traits reported here are important because camels cope with various types of stresses and fear, resulting from the demands of intensive production systems and racing events. However, further studies, employing functional genomics and linkage analysis are necessary for confirming the relationship between Fearfulness and genetic variation.
