The Experts below are selected from a list of 180 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fikret Berkes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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devolution of environment and resources governance trends and future
Environmental Conservation, 2010Co-Authors: Fikret BerkesAbstract:How can the governance of environment and resources be devolved in a way that incorporates effective user participation and Feedback Learning? Approaches that use the idea of adaptive management or Learning-by-doing, combined with co-management, are particularly promising. Using an interdisciplinary literature covering many types of resources, and a conceptual model with three phases (communicative action, self-organization and collective action), the paper identifies some of the major processes leading to adaptive co-management. These include deliberation, visioning, building social capital, trust and institutions, capacity-building through networks and partnerships, and action-reflection-action loops for social Learning. Such adaptive co-management is not simply a theoretical possibility but something that has been documented in a number of forestry, fisheries, wildlife, protected area, and wetland cases from both developed and developing countries. However, the experience with the decentralization reforms of the 1990s is largely negative for a number of reasons. Effective devolution takes time, requiring a shift in focus from a static concept of management to a dynamic concept of governance shaped by interactions, Feedback Learning and adaptation over time. Sharing of governance responsibilities and an ability to learn from experience are among the emerging trends in environmental management.
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rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management
Ecological Applications, 2000Co-Authors: Fikret Berkes, Johan Colding, Carl FolkeAbstract:Indigenous groups offer alternative knowledge and perspectives based on their own locally developed practices of resource use. We surveyed the international literature to focus on the role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in monitoring, responding to, and managing ecosystem processes and functions, with special attention to ecological resilience. Case studies revealed that there exists a diversity of local or traditional practices for ecosystem management. These include multiple species management, resource rotation, succession management, landscape patchiness management, and other ways of responding to and managing pulses and ecological surprises. Social mechanisms behind these traditional practices include a number of adaptations for the generation, accumulation, and transmission of knowledge; the use of local institutions to provide leaders/stewards and rules for social regulation; mechanisms for cultural internalization of traditional practices; and the development of appropriate world views and cultural values. Some traditional knowledge and management systems were characterized by the use of local ecological knowledge to interpret and respond to Feedbacks from the environment to guide the direction of resource management. These traditional systems had certain similarities to adaptive management with its emphasis on Feedback Learning, and its treatment of uncertainty and unpredictability intrinsic to all ecosystems.
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Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as adaptive management
Ecological Applications, 2000Co-Authors: Fikret Berkes, Johan Colding, Carl FolkeAbstract:Indigenous groups offer alternative knowledge and perspectives based on their own locally developed practices of resource use. We surveyed the international lit- erature to focus on the role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in monitoring, responding to, and managing ecosystem processes and functions, with special attention to ecological resilience. Case studies revealed that there exists a diversity of local or traditional practices for ecosystem management. These include multiple species management, resource rotation, succession management, landscape patchiness management, and other ways of responding to and managing pulses and ecological surprises. Social mechanisms behind these traditional practices include a number of adaptations for the generation, accumulation, and transmission of knowledge; the use of local institutions to provide leaders/stewards and rules for social regulation; mechanisms for cultural internalization of traditional practices; and the devel- opment of appropriate world views and cultural values. Some traditional knowledge and management systems were characterized by the use of local ecological knowledge to in- terpret and respond to Feedbacks from the environment to guide the direction of resource management. These traditional systems had certain similarities to adaptive management with its emphasis on Feedback Learning, and its treatment of uncertainty and unpredictability intrinsic to all ecosystems.
Carl Folke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management
Ecological Applications, 2000Co-Authors: Fikret Berkes, Johan Colding, Carl FolkeAbstract:Indigenous groups offer alternative knowledge and perspectives based on their own locally developed practices of resource use. We surveyed the international literature to focus on the role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in monitoring, responding to, and managing ecosystem processes and functions, with special attention to ecological resilience. Case studies revealed that there exists a diversity of local or traditional practices for ecosystem management. These include multiple species management, resource rotation, succession management, landscape patchiness management, and other ways of responding to and managing pulses and ecological surprises. Social mechanisms behind these traditional practices include a number of adaptations for the generation, accumulation, and transmission of knowledge; the use of local institutions to provide leaders/stewards and rules for social regulation; mechanisms for cultural internalization of traditional practices; and the development of appropriate world views and cultural values. Some traditional knowledge and management systems were characterized by the use of local ecological knowledge to interpret and respond to Feedbacks from the environment to guide the direction of resource management. These traditional systems had certain similarities to adaptive management with its emphasis on Feedback Learning, and its treatment of uncertainty and unpredictability intrinsic to all ecosystems.
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Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as adaptive management
Ecological Applications, 2000Co-Authors: Fikret Berkes, Johan Colding, Carl FolkeAbstract:Indigenous groups offer alternative knowledge and perspectives based on their own locally developed practices of resource use. We surveyed the international lit- erature to focus on the role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in monitoring, responding to, and managing ecosystem processes and functions, with special attention to ecological resilience. Case studies revealed that there exists a diversity of local or traditional practices for ecosystem management. These include multiple species management, resource rotation, succession management, landscape patchiness management, and other ways of responding to and managing pulses and ecological surprises. Social mechanisms behind these traditional practices include a number of adaptations for the generation, accumulation, and transmission of knowledge; the use of local institutions to provide leaders/stewards and rules for social regulation; mechanisms for cultural internalization of traditional practices; and the devel- opment of appropriate world views and cultural values. Some traditional knowledge and management systems were characterized by the use of local ecological knowledge to in- terpret and respond to Feedbacks from the environment to guide the direction of resource management. These traditional systems had certain similarities to adaptive management with its emphasis on Feedback Learning, and its treatment of uncertainty and unpredictability intrinsic to all ecosystems.
John Gruzelier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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eeg neuroFeedback for optimising performance ii creativity the performing arts and ecological validity
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: John GruzelierAbstract:As a continuation of a review of evidence of the validity of cognitive/affective gains following neuroFeedback in healthy participants, including correlations in support of the gains being mediated by Feedback Learning (Gruzelier, 2014a), the focus here is on the impact on creativity, especially in the performing arts including music, dance and acting. The majority of research involves alpha/theta (A/T), sensory-motor rhythm (SMR) and heart rate variability (HRV) protocols. There is evidence of reliable benefits from A/T training with advanced musicians especially for creative performance, and reliable benefits from both A/T and SMR training for novice music performance in adults and in a school study with children with impact on creativity, communication/presentation and technique. Making the SMR ratio training context ecologically relevant for actors enhanced creativity in stage performance, with added benefits from the more immersive training context. A/T and HRV training have benefitted dancers. The neuroFeedback evidence adds to the rapidly accumulating validation of neuroFeedback, while performing arts studies offer an opportunity for ecological validity in creativity research for both creative process and product.
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eeg neuroFeedback for optimising performance iii a review of methodological and theoretical considerations
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: John GruzelierAbstract:In continuing this three-part review on validation of EEG-neuroFeedback for optimal performance evidence is first provided for Feedback influences on the CNS, the integration of EEG with fMRI methodology as well as anatomical correlates. Then whereas Parts I and II reviewed the considerable behavioural outcome gains and evidence for their Feedback causation, part III lays bare the not inconsiderable methodological and theoretical conundrums. Cardinal assumptions amongst practitioners about specificity of topography, behavioural outcome and frequency bands are critically examined. The hitherto mostly neglected nature of Feedback Learning is reviewed including evidence of within- and between-session and successive baseline Learning; the enduring impact on the tonic EEG; implications for experimental design, individual differences and the trainer–participant interface; distinguishing between the Learning and mastery of self-regulation; connectivity, ratio, unidirectional and multimodal Feedback protocols. A thorough grounding in human neuroscience plus interpersonal skills are considered prerequisites for scientific advancement and ethically sound practice.
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eeg neuroFeedback for optimising performance i a review of cognitive and affective outcome in healthy participants
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: John GruzelierAbstract:A re-emergence of research on EEG-neuroFeedback followed controlled evidence of clinical benefits and validation of cognitive/affective gains in healthy participants including correlations in support of Feedback Learning mediating outcome. Controlled studies with healthy and elderly participants, which have increased exponentially, are reviewed including protocols from the clinic: sensory-motor rhythm, beta1 and alpha/theta ratios, down-training theta maxima, and from neuroscience: upper-alpha, theta, gamma, alpha desynchronisation. Outcome gains include sustained attention, orienting and executive attention, the P300b, memory, spatial rotation, RT, complex psychomotor skills, implicit procedural memory, recognition memory, perceptual binding, intelligence, mood and well-being. Twenty-three of the controlled studies report neuroFeedback Learning indices along with beneficial outcomes, of which eight report correlations in support of a meditation link, results which will be supplemented by further creativity and the performing arts evidence in Part II. Validity evidence from optimal performance studies represents an advance for the neuroFeedback field demonstrating that cross fertilisation between clinical and optimal performance domains will be fruitful. Theoretical and methodological issues are outlined further in Part III.
Matthias Brand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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executive functions categorization of probabilities and Learning from Feedback what does really matter for decision making under explicit risk conditions
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 2011Co-Authors: Johannes Schiebener, Laura Zamarian, Margarete Delazer, Matthias BrandAbstract:In two experiments with healthy subjects, we used the Game of Dice Task (GDT), the Probability-Associated Gambling (PAG) task, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and executive-function and logical thinking tasks to shed light on the underlying processes of decision making under risk. Results indicate that handling probabilities, as in the PAG task, is an important ingredient of GDT performance. Executive functions and logical thinking also play major roles in deciding in the GDT. Implicit Feedback Learning, as measured by the IGT, has little impact. Results suggest that good probability handling may compensate for the effects of weak executive functions in decisions under risk.
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anticipatory stress influences decision making under explicit risk conditions
Behavioral Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Katrin Starcke, Oliver T Wolf, Hans J Markowitsch, Matthias BrandAbstract:Recent research has suggested that stress may affect memory, executive functioning, and decision making on the basis of emotional Feedback processing. The current study examined whether anticipatory stress affects decision making measured with the Game of Dice Task (GDT), a decision-making task with explicit and stable rules that taps both executive functioning and Feedback Learning. The authors induced stress in 20 participants by having them anticipate giving a public speech and also examined 20 comparison subjects. The authors assessed the level of stress with questionnaires and endocrine markers (salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase), both revealing that speech anticipation led to increased stress. Results of the GDT showed that participants under stress scored significantly lower than the comparison group and that GDT performance was negatively correlated with the increase of cortisol. Our results indicate that stress can lead to disadvantageous decision making even when explicit and stable information about outcome contingencies is provided.
Johan Colding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management
Ecological Applications, 2000Co-Authors: Fikret Berkes, Johan Colding, Carl FolkeAbstract:Indigenous groups offer alternative knowledge and perspectives based on their own locally developed practices of resource use. We surveyed the international literature to focus on the role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in monitoring, responding to, and managing ecosystem processes and functions, with special attention to ecological resilience. Case studies revealed that there exists a diversity of local or traditional practices for ecosystem management. These include multiple species management, resource rotation, succession management, landscape patchiness management, and other ways of responding to and managing pulses and ecological surprises. Social mechanisms behind these traditional practices include a number of adaptations for the generation, accumulation, and transmission of knowledge; the use of local institutions to provide leaders/stewards and rules for social regulation; mechanisms for cultural internalization of traditional practices; and the development of appropriate world views and cultural values. Some traditional knowledge and management systems were characterized by the use of local ecological knowledge to interpret and respond to Feedbacks from the environment to guide the direction of resource management. These traditional systems had certain similarities to adaptive management with its emphasis on Feedback Learning, and its treatment of uncertainty and unpredictability intrinsic to all ecosystems.
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Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as adaptive management
Ecological Applications, 2000Co-Authors: Fikret Berkes, Johan Colding, Carl FolkeAbstract:Indigenous groups offer alternative knowledge and perspectives based on their own locally developed practices of resource use. We surveyed the international lit- erature to focus on the role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in monitoring, responding to, and managing ecosystem processes and functions, with special attention to ecological resilience. Case studies revealed that there exists a diversity of local or traditional practices for ecosystem management. These include multiple species management, resource rotation, succession management, landscape patchiness management, and other ways of responding to and managing pulses and ecological surprises. Social mechanisms behind these traditional practices include a number of adaptations for the generation, accumulation, and transmission of knowledge; the use of local institutions to provide leaders/stewards and rules for social regulation; mechanisms for cultural internalization of traditional practices; and the devel- opment of appropriate world views and cultural values. Some traditional knowledge and management systems were characterized by the use of local ecological knowledge to in- terpret and respond to Feedbacks from the environment to guide the direction of resource management. These traditional systems had certain similarities to adaptive management with its emphasis on Feedback Learning, and its treatment of uncertainty and unpredictability intrinsic to all ecosystems.
