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Sabu Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morphology dynamic mechanical and thermal studies on poly styrene co acrylonitrile modified epoxy resin glass Fibre composites
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2007Co-Authors: Nishar Hameed, P A Sreekumar, Bejoy Francis, Weimin Yang, Sabu ThomasAbstract:Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) was used to modify diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) type epoxy resin cured with diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS) and the modified epoxy resin was used as the matrix for Fibre reinforced composites (FRPs) in order to get improved mechanical and thermal properties. E-glass Fibre was used as the Fibre reinforcement. The morphology, dynamic mechanical and thermal characteristics of the systems were analyzed. Morphological analysis revealed heterogeneous dispersed morphology. There was good adhesion between the matrix polymer and the glass Fibre. The dynamic moduli, mechanical loss and damping behaviour as a function of temperature of the systems were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). DMA studies showed that DDS cured epoxy resin/SAN/glass Fibre composite systems have two Tgs corresponding to epoxy rich and SAN rich phases. The effect of thermoplastic modification and Fibre Loading on the dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were also analyzed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the superior thermal stability of composite system.
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a comparative study on mechanical properties of sisal leaf Fibre reinforced polyester composites prepared by resin transfer and compression moulding techniques
Composites Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: P A Sreekumar, Kuruvilla Joseph, G Unnikrishnan, Sabu ThomasAbstract:Abstract Resin transfer moulding (RTM) is a novel technology, which bridges the gap between labour intensive hand lay-up process and capital-intensive compression moulding. The present study investigates the tensile and flexural behaviour of sisal Fibre reinforced polyester composites as a function of Fibre length and Fibre content. The composites were prepared by RTM and compression moulding techniques. The properties obtained for composites fabricated by both RTM and compression moulding were compared. From the studies it was found that mechanical properties increase with increase in Fibre Loading in both cases. The void content and water absorption properties at varying Fibre Loading were evaluated and found maximum for the compression moulded composites. To analyse the fracture surface morphology of the composites scanning electron microscopy was also performed. A good correlation between morphological and mechanical properties has been observed. Finally, the Young’s modulus and water absorption properties of the composites fabricated by RTM were compared with theoretical predictions.
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thermophysical properties of natural Fibre reinforced polyester composites
Composites Science and Technology, 2006Co-Authors: Maries Idicula, Abderrahim Boudenne, L Umadevi, Laurent Ibos, Yves Candau, Sabu ThomasAbstract:Abstract Thermal conductivity, diffusivity and specific heat of polyester/natural Fibre (banana/sisal) composites were investigated as function of filler concentration and for several Fibre surface treatments. The thermophysical behaviour of hybrid pineapple leaf Fibre (PALF) and glass Fibre reinforced polyester composites has been also evaluated for a constant total Fibre Loading of 0.40 Vf by varying the ratio of PALF and glass. The results show that chemical treatment of the Fibres reduces the composite thermal contact resistance. Hybridisation of natural Fibre with glass allows a significantly better heat transport ability of the composite. The thermal conductivity measured in the direction transverse to the plane of composite plate could be well represented by a series prediction model.
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dynamic mechanical properties of short sisal Fibre reinforced polypropylene composites
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2003Co-Authors: P V Joseph, Kuruvilla Joseph, G Mathew, Gabriel Groeninckx, Sabu ThomasAbstract:Abstract The dynamic mechanical properties of short sisal Fibre reinforced polypropylene composites containing both untreated and treated Fibres have been studied with reference to Fibre Loading, Fibre length, chemical treatments, frequency and temperature. By the incorporation of short sisal Fibre into polypropylene, the storage moduli ( E ′)and loss moduli ( E ″) have been found to be increasing whereas the mechanical loss factor (tan δ ) decreasing. The storage modulus decreases with increase in temperature. The treated Fibre composites show better properties compared to untreated system. The Arrhenius relationship has been used to calculate the activation energy for the glass transition. The use and limitations of various theoretical equations to predict the tan δ and storage modulus of the Fibre reinforced plastic composites have been discussed. Cole–Cole analysis has been carried out to understand the phase behaviour of the composite samples. A master curve for the modulus of the blend is drawn by applying the time–temperature super position principle.
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a comparison of the mechanical properties of phenol formaldehyde composites reinforced with banana Fibres and glass Fibres
Composites Science and Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Seena Joseph, Peter Koshy, Zachariah Oommen, M. S. Sreekala, Sabu ThomasAbstract:Composites were fabricated using banana Fibre and glass Fibre with varying Fibre length and Fibre Loading. The analysis of tensile, flexural and impact properties of these composites revealed that the optimum length of Fibre required for banana Fibre and glass Fibre are different in phenol formaldehyde resole matrix. Both banana Fibre and glass Fibre reinforced composites show a regular trend of increase in properties with Fibre Loading. Interfacial shear strength values obtained from single Fibre pull out test reveal that the interlocking between banana Fibre and phenol formaldehyde resin is much higher than that between glass and phenol formaldehyde resin. SEM studies were carried out to evaluate Fibre/matrix interactions. Finally the experimental tensile strength were compared with the theoretical predictions.
C Pavithran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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theoretical modelling of tensile properties of short sisal Fibre reinforced low density polyethylene composites
Journal of Materials Science, 1997Co-Authors: G Kalaprasad, Sabu Thomas, Kuruvilla Joseph, C PavithranAbstract:The experimentally observed tensile properties (tensile strength and modulus) of short sisal Fibre-reinforced LDPE with different Fibre Loading have been compared with the existing theories of reinforcement. The macroscopic behaviour of Fibre-filled composites is affected by Fibre Loading, orientation and length of the Fibres in the continuous medium. The interfacial adhesion between Fibre and matrix also plays a major role in controlling the mechanical properties of the Fibre-filled composites. In this study, a comparison is made between experimental data and different theoretical models. Composite models, such as parallel and series, Hirsch, Cox, Halpin–Tsai, modified Halpin–Tsai and modified Bowyer and Bader, have been tried to fit the experimental data.
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influence of interfacial adhesion on the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of short sisal Fibre reinforced polymer composites
European Polymer Journal, 1996Co-Authors: Kuruvilla Joseph, Peter Koshy, Sabu Thomas, Siby Varghese, G Kalaprasad, L Prasannakumari, C PavithranAbstract:Abstract The mechanical properties of sisal Fibre composites (randomly oriented) of several thermoset resin matrices, [polyester, epoxy, phenol-formaldehyde] and a thermoplastic matrix [low density polyethylene (LDPE)] were evaluated with respect to Fibre length and Fibre Loading. All the composites showed a general trend of increase in properties with Fibre Loading. However, the optimum length of the Fibre required to obtain an increase in properties varied with the type of matrix. Among polyester, epoxy and phenol-formaldehyde composites of sisal Fibre, a phenolic type resin performed as a better matrix than epoxy and polyester resins with respect to tensile and flexural properties due to the high interfacial bonding in phenolic composites. However, as compared to thermoset resin composites, sisal Fibre-LDPE composites showed a better reinforcing effect due to the high matrix ductility and high strength/modulus ratio of sisal as compared to that of LDPE matrix.
Kuruvilla Joseph - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparative study on mechanical properties of sisal leaf Fibre reinforced polyester composites prepared by resin transfer and compression moulding techniques
Composites Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: P A Sreekumar, Kuruvilla Joseph, G Unnikrishnan, Sabu ThomasAbstract:Abstract Resin transfer moulding (RTM) is a novel technology, which bridges the gap between labour intensive hand lay-up process and capital-intensive compression moulding. The present study investigates the tensile and flexural behaviour of sisal Fibre reinforced polyester composites as a function of Fibre length and Fibre content. The composites were prepared by RTM and compression moulding techniques. The properties obtained for composites fabricated by both RTM and compression moulding were compared. From the studies it was found that mechanical properties increase with increase in Fibre Loading in both cases. The void content and water absorption properties at varying Fibre Loading were evaluated and found maximum for the compression moulded composites. To analyse the fracture surface morphology of the composites scanning electron microscopy was also performed. A good correlation between morphological and mechanical properties has been observed. Finally, the Young’s modulus and water absorption properties of the composites fabricated by RTM were compared with theoretical predictions.
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swelling behaviour of isora natural rubber composites in oils used in automobiles
Bulletin of Materials Science, 2006Co-Authors: Lovely Mathew, Kuruvilla Joseph, Rani JosephAbstract:Natural rubber/isora Fibre composites were cured at various temperatures. The solvent swelling characteristics of natural rubber composites containing both untreated and alkali treated Fibres were investigated in aromatic and aliphatic solvents like toluene, andn-hexane. The diffusion experiments were conducted by the sorption gravimetric method. The restrictions on elastomer swelling exerted by isora Fibre as well as the anisotropy of swelling of the composite have been confirmed by this study. Composite cured at 100°C shows the lowest percentage swelling. The uptake of aromatic solvent is higher than that of aliphatic solvent for the composites cured at all temperatures. The effect of Fibre Loading on the swelling behaviour of the composite was also investigated in oils like petrol, diesel, lubricating oil etc. The % swelling index and swelling coefficient of the composite were found to decrease with increase in Fibre Loading. This is due to the increased hindrance exerted by the Fibres at higher Fibre Loadings and also due to the good Fibre-rubber interactions. Maximum uptake of solvent was observed with petrol followed by diesel and then lubricating oil. The presence of bonding agent in the composites restrict the swelling considerably due to the strong interfacial adhesion. At a fixed Fibre Loading, the alkali treated Fibre composite showed lower percentage swelling compared to the untreated one.
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dynamic mechanical properties of short sisal Fibre reinforced polypropylene composites
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2003Co-Authors: P V Joseph, Kuruvilla Joseph, G Mathew, Gabriel Groeninckx, Sabu ThomasAbstract:Abstract The dynamic mechanical properties of short sisal Fibre reinforced polypropylene composites containing both untreated and treated Fibres have been studied with reference to Fibre Loading, Fibre length, chemical treatments, frequency and temperature. By the incorporation of short sisal Fibre into polypropylene, the storage moduli ( E ′)and loss moduli ( E ″) have been found to be increasing whereas the mechanical loss factor (tan δ ) decreasing. The storage modulus decreases with increase in temperature. The treated Fibre composites show better properties compared to untreated system. The Arrhenius relationship has been used to calculate the activation energy for the glass transition. The use and limitations of various theoretical equations to predict the tan δ and storage modulus of the Fibre reinforced plastic composites have been discussed. Cole–Cole analysis has been carried out to understand the phase behaviour of the composite samples. A master curve for the modulus of the blend is drawn by applying the time–temperature super position principle.
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environmental effects on the degradation behaviour of sisal Fibre reinforced polypropylene composites
Composites Science and Technology, 2002Co-Authors: P V Joseph, Kuruvilla Joseph, M S Rabello, Luiz H C Mattoso, Sabu ThomasAbstract:Abstract The environmental degradation behaviour on the physical and mechanical properties of short sisal/PP composites has been studied with special reference to the influence of ageing conditions like treatment with water and UV radiation. The dependence of water uptake on the sorption characteristics of sisal/PP composites was evaluated by immersion in distilled water with respect to Fibre Loading, temperature and chemical treatment. It is found that water uptake increases with increase of Fibre Loading due to the increase in cellulose content. The raise of temperature up to 70 °C is accompanied by an increase of the rate and extent of sorption. Chemical treatments such as urethane derivative of PPG, PMPPIC and MAPP were given to sisal Fibre. All chemically modified Fibre composites showed lower uptake than the unmodified composites. This is because all chemical treatments given to sisal Fibre reduce its hydrophilicity thereby favouring strong interfacial adhesion between the Fibre and PP matrix. The influence of water uptake on the tensile properties of sisal/PP composites was studied. Tensile properties decreased with water uptake, time of immersion and Fibre Loading. The behaviour was strongly dependent on the chemical treatment and Fibre orientation. The influence of the tensile properties of sisal/PP composites exposed to UV radiation was studied. The tensile properties were found to decrease with increase in the time of exposure to UV radiation. The reduction in properties is due to chain scission and degradation occurring to PP molecules as a result of photooxidation promoted by ultraviolet radiation. As a result of UV irradiation, surface cracks can be seen on neat PP and PP composites which can be evidenced from SEM photos. The retention of tensile properties increased with increase of Fibre Loading.
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theoretical modelling of tensile properties of short sisal Fibre reinforced low density polyethylene composites
Journal of Materials Science, 1997Co-Authors: G Kalaprasad, Sabu Thomas, Kuruvilla Joseph, C PavithranAbstract:The experimentally observed tensile properties (tensile strength and modulus) of short sisal Fibre-reinforced LDPE with different Fibre Loading have been compared with the existing theories of reinforcement. The macroscopic behaviour of Fibre-filled composites is affected by Fibre Loading, orientation and length of the Fibres in the continuous medium. The interfacial adhesion between Fibre and matrix also plays a major role in controlling the mechanical properties of the Fibre-filled composites. In this study, a comparison is made between experimental data and different theoretical models. Composite models, such as parallel and series, Hirsch, Cox, Halpin–Tsai, modified Halpin–Tsai and modified Bowyer and Bader, have been tried to fit the experimental data.
Mohammad Jawaid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of silane treated Fibre Loading on mechanical properties of pineapple leaf kenaf Fibre filler phenolic composites
Journal of Polymers and The Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Mohammad Asim, Mohammad Jawaid, K Abdan, M R IshakAbstract:The aim of the present study is to investigate mechanical and morphological properties of pineapple leaf Fibres (PALF) reinforced phenolic composites and its comparison with kenaf Fibre (KF)/phenolic composites. Mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact) of untreated and treated PALF phenolic composites at different Fibre Loading were investigated. Tensile, flexural and impact properties of PALF and kenaf/phenolic composites were analyzed as per ASTM standard. Morphological analysis of tensile fracture samples of composites was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. Obtained results indicated that treated PALF/phenolic composites at 50% PALF Loading exhibited better tensile, flexural and impact properties as compared to other untreated PALF/phenolic composites. Treated kenaf/phenolic composites at 50% Fibre Loading showed better tensile, flexural and impact properties than untreated kenaf/phenolic composite. It is concluded that treated 50% Fibre Loading kenaf and PALF/phenolic composites showed better mechanical properties than untreated kenaf and PALF/phenolic composites due to good Fibre/matrix interfacial bonding. Results obtained in this study will be used for the further study on hybridization of PALF and KF based phenolic composites.
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moisture absorption and thickness swelling behaviour of sugar palm Fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane
Procedia Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: A Atiqah, Mohammad Jawaid, M R Ishak, S M SapuanAbstract:Abstract Composite materials were made from sugar palm Fibre (SPF) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer, by melt compounding method using Haake Polydrive R600 internal mixer and followed by hot-pressing moulding. SPF/TPU composites were prepared with different Fibre Loading: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% (by weight) of SPF, with the optimum processing parameters: 190 °C, 11 min, and 40 rpm for temperature, time and speed, respectively. Ten replicates were cut from the composite sheet according to ASTM standards. The density, water absorption and thickness swelling of the composites was investigated with water immersion time. The density of hybrid composites increases with increasing of sugar palm Fibre. It also was found that the water absorption and thickness swelling increases with Fibre content and water immersion time before an equilibrium condition was reached. It was observed that water diffusion occurred in composites, depending on the Fibre content. SPF with 50% of Fibre content exhibit maximum water absorption and thickness swelling during the whole duration of immersion (168 h).
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effect of jute Fibre Loading on the mechanical and thermal properties of oil palm epoxy composites
Journal of Composite Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Mohammad Jawaid, Abu A Bakar, Azman Hassan, Rudi DunganiAbstract:Bilayer hybrid composites fabricated by hand lay-up technique by impregnating oil palm empty fruit bunch and jute Fibre mats with epoxy resin and cured at 100 � C for 1h followed by post curing at 105 � C. Bilayer hybrid composites were prepared by varying the relative weight fraction of the two Fibres. The mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of oil palm/jute bilayer hybrid composites were carried out. When the jute Fibre Loading is increased in the bilayer hybrid composites, flexural strength and modulus of the hybrid composites will be higher. The hybridization of the jute Fibres with oil palm composite decreased the impact strength of the bilayer hybrid composites. Analysis of variance statistical of flexural and impact properties were also carried out; there is a statistically significant difference between the mean flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength from one level of composite to another at the 95.0% confidence level. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermal stability of oil palm composites increased with development of bilayer hybrid composites. Scanning electron micrographs of impact fracture samples are taken to study the failure mechanism, and Fibre/matrix interface adhesion.
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effect of jute Fibre Loading on tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of oil palm epoxy composites
Composites Part B-engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Mohammad Jawaid, Rudi Dungani, H Abdul P S Khalil, Azman Hassan, A HadiyaneAbstract:Hybrid composites prepared by hand lay-up technique by reinforcing jute and oil palm Fibres with epoxy matrix. The tensile properties of hybrid composites were found to increase substantially with increasing jute Fibres Loading as compared to oil palm–epoxy composite. The nature of Fibre/matrix interface was examined through scanning electron microscopy of tensile fracture samples. Addition of jute Fibres to oil palm composite increases the storage modulus while damping factor shifts towards higher temperature region. Cole–Cole analysis was made to understand the phase behaviour of the composite samples. The hybrid composite with oil palm:jute (1:4) showed maximum damping behaviour and highest tensile properties. The overall use of hybrid system was found to be effective in increasing tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of the oil palm–epoxy composite probably due to the enhanced Fibre/matrix interface bonding. The potential applications of the oil palm based hybrid composites in automobiles and building industry are going to increase in near future.
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chemical resistance void content and tensile properties of oil palm jute Fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites
Materials & Design, 2011Co-Authors: Mohammad Jawaid, H Abdul P S Khalil, Abu A Bakar, Noorunnisa P KhanamAbstract:Tri layer hybrid composites of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and jute Fibres was prepared by keeping oil palm EFB as skin material and jute as the core material and vice versa. The chemical resistance, void content and tensile properties of oil palm EFB/Jute composites was investigated with reference to the relative weight of oil palm EFB/Jute, i.e. 4:1, the Fibre Loading was optimized and different layering pattern were investigated. It is found from the chemical resistance test that all the composites are resistant to various chemicals. It was observed that marked reduction in void content of hybrid composites in different layering pattern. From the different layering pattern, the tensile properties were slightly higher for the composite having jute as skin and oil palm EFB as core material. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study tensile fracture surfaces of different composites.
G Kalaprasad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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theoretical modelling of tensile properties of short sisal Fibre reinforced low density polyethylene composites
Journal of Materials Science, 1997Co-Authors: G Kalaprasad, Sabu Thomas, Kuruvilla Joseph, C PavithranAbstract:The experimentally observed tensile properties (tensile strength and modulus) of short sisal Fibre-reinforced LDPE with different Fibre Loading have been compared with the existing theories of reinforcement. The macroscopic behaviour of Fibre-filled composites is affected by Fibre Loading, orientation and length of the Fibres in the continuous medium. The interfacial adhesion between Fibre and matrix also plays a major role in controlling the mechanical properties of the Fibre-filled composites. In this study, a comparison is made between experimental data and different theoretical models. Composite models, such as parallel and series, Hirsch, Cox, Halpin–Tsai, modified Halpin–Tsai and modified Bowyer and Bader, have been tried to fit the experimental data.
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influence of interfacial adhesion on the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of short sisal Fibre reinforced polymer composites
European Polymer Journal, 1996Co-Authors: Kuruvilla Joseph, Peter Koshy, Sabu Thomas, Siby Varghese, G Kalaprasad, L Prasannakumari, C PavithranAbstract:Abstract The mechanical properties of sisal Fibre composites (randomly oriented) of several thermoset resin matrices, [polyester, epoxy, phenol-formaldehyde] and a thermoplastic matrix [low density polyethylene (LDPE)] were evaluated with respect to Fibre length and Fibre Loading. All the composites showed a general trend of increase in properties with Fibre Loading. However, the optimum length of the Fibre required to obtain an increase in properties varied with the type of matrix. Among polyester, epoxy and phenol-formaldehyde composites of sisal Fibre, a phenolic type resin performed as a better matrix than epoxy and polyester resins with respect to tensile and flexural properties due to the high interfacial bonding in phenolic composites. However, as compared to thermoset resin composites, sisal Fibre-LDPE composites showed a better reinforcing effect due to the high matrix ductility and high strength/modulus ratio of sisal as compared to that of LDPE matrix.