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Ingrid Bouwer Utne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a systems engineering approach to implementation of safety management systems in the norwegian Fishing Fleet
Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2014Co-Authors: Edgar Mcguinness, Ingrid Bouwer UtneAbstract:The Fishing industry is plagued by a long history of fatality and injury occurrence. Commercial Fishing is hence recognized as the most dangerous and difficult of professional callings, in all jurisdictions. Fishing vessels have their own unique set of hazards, a myriad collection of complex occupational accident potentials, barely controlled, co-existing in a perilous work environment. The work in this article is directed by the Norwegian Systematic Health, Environmental and Safety Activities in Enterprises (1997) (Internal Control Regulations [1]), the ISM Code [2] for vessels and their recent applicability to the Fishing Fleet of Norway. Both safety management works place requirements on the vessel operators and crew to actively manage safety as an on-going concern. The application of these safety management system (SMS) control documents to Fishing vessels is just the latest instalment in a continual drive to improve safety in this sector. The difficulty is that there has been no previous systematic approach to safety within the Fishing Fleet. This article uses the tenants of systems engineering to determine the requirements for such a SMS, detailing the limiting factors and restrictive issues of this complex operating environment.
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fatalities in the norwegian Fishing Fleet 1990 2011
Safety Science, 2013Co-Authors: Edgar Mcguinness, Ingrid Bouwer Utne, Halvard Laurits Aasjord, Ingunn Marie HolmenAbstract:Abstract Working at sea presents a considerable fatal accident risk to the fishers of the Fleet, far exceeding any average land-based job, as far as incident rate per man-labor year. This no-doubt is the result of placing an industrial workplace on a moving, oscillating and inherently unstable working platform subject to the vagaries of the sea. Here hazardous work is conducted in cramped workspaces, on uneven, slippery and cluttered decks, with operations involving heavy Fishing gears and mobile rotational machinery. The purpose of this article is to analyze the circumstances of the 281 deaths reported to the Norwegian authorities from the Norwegian Fishing Fleet over the period 1990–2011. The aim is to determine important characteristics and traits in the statistics, and to facilitate and focus the devising of future preventative intervention strategies. The results indicate that there has been a considerable reduction in the number of fatalities in the Fishing Fleet of Norway over this time frame. The average incidence rate for fatalities during the 22 year study period is 8.71 per 10,000 man years. Single, fatality occurrences are a more important cause of deaths in the Fleet than multiple casualty events. The most significant modes of fatality are vessel disasters followed by man overboard events and drowning in port. The findings lead to a discussion on both the significance of the preventative measures put in place over the past two decades and the future directions and evolutions required for continued success in reducing fatalities in the Norwegian Fleet.
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injuries in the commercial Fishing Fleet of norway 2000 2011
Safety Science, 2013Co-Authors: Edgar Mcguinness, Ingrid Bouwer Utne, Halvard Laurits Aasjord, Ingunn Marie HolmenAbstract:A working Fishing vessel at sea is an elaborate collection of interacting accident potentials, barely controlled. Even the deck underfoot betrays the unwary, as can every other aspect of the normal daily grind onboard, as fishers ply their trade in weather foul and fair. All elements of the vessel at sea conspire in making this the most dangerous and difficult of all professional callings, an inexplicable calling where life and limb are continually at risk. This article is based on an examination of reported occupational injuries from the Norwegian Fishing Fleet from 2000 to 2011. The aim is the determination of important characteristics and traits in the statistics, which may be used to focus and further preventative measures to be applied within this Fleet. The results indicate that the current intervention programs and improvement measures have to date made a significant impact on injury levels within the Fleet. This study has borne witness to a reduction in injury numbers and incident rates year on year for the past 12 years. It identifies the trawler Fleet as the seat of the highest incident rates of injury occurrence, while the small coastal Fleet had the lowest reported numbers of injuries. Under-reporting of minor injuries is revealed as a problem in the current reporting system of fisher injuries while the manner, location and body regions of reported injuries are also investigated. These findings lead to a discussion on the future requirements for the Norwegian Fleet for further injury reduction and improved reporting practices.
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improving the environmental performance of the Fishing Fleet by use of quality function deployment qfd
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2009Co-Authors: Ingrid Bouwer UtneAbstract:Abstract This article introduces Quality Function Deployment (QFD) as a method for improving the environmental performance of the Norwegian Fishing Fleet. Systems engineering has been introduced as a feasible process for handling sustainability issues in the fisheries, because it contains methods for general system design, operation, and support in a life-cycle perspective. QFD is related to systems engineering as a method for translating stakeholder needs into detailed system requirements at each life-cycle stage. Eco-QFD extends the scope of QFD, and combines QFD, Life-Cycle Cost (LCC), and Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA) to evaluate environmental effects and costs in the system development process. The article assesses the usefulness of Eco-QFD in fisheries management decision-making regarding sustainability in the Fishing Fleet, and for shipyards in their design of Fishing vessels. It is concluded that Eco-QFD may be difficult to use for fisheries management in its present form, due to the complexity of sustainability, and the time and efforts demanded to carry out the analyses. Nevertheless, the structuring of the stakeholder needs and requirements may contribute to improved understanding of the decision-situation.
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life cycle cost lcc as a tool for improving sustainability in the norwegian Fishing Fleet
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2009Co-Authors: Ingrid Bouwer UtneAbstract:Abstract Systems engineering principles in fisheries management may structure and improve the decision-making process. Sustainability in the Fishing Fleet is comprised of economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Even though the total system value may be constituted by economic factors and technical factors, non-market issues, such as environmental and social issues, have an increasingly important impact on the economic performance of a system or company. Life cycle cost (LCC) is related to the systems engineering process, because economic considerations are very important in the process of creating systems. LCC involves evaluation of all future costs related to the life cycle of a system. The main objective of this article is to discuss the usefulness of LCC as a method to enhance sustainable designs of Fishing vessels for ship owners, and to improve the decision-bases for fisheries management.
Santiago Bucaram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors that influence the entry exit decision and intensity of participation of Fishing Fleet for the galapagos lobster fishery
Marine Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Santiago Bucaram, Alex HearnAbstract:The Galapagos Islands are a prime example of a place where fishery management policies have been established without first understanding the behavior of fishermen. Since the creation of the Galapagos Marine Reserve in 1998, there has not been a single study in the archipelago that investigates Fishing behavior and the factors affecting this behavior. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by describing and analyzing the decisions of the Fishing Fleet for the red spiny lobster fishery. It focuses on factors that affect the short-term decisions regarding both participation and intensity of participation in the lobster fishery. This paper finds that the Fishing Fleet in the Galapagos Islands behaves as profit maximizing firms, because they consider all the benefits and costs that affect both their participation decision as well as their decision about how frequently to be active after they have decided to participate. The results also show that there is a large latent effort in the lobster fisheries that could threaten the sustainability of any initiatives aimed at increasing catchability, prices, or markets. It is expected that this analysis will be valuable to policy makers when designing or improving the management plans for Galapagos fisheries.
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behavior of the galapagos Fishing Fleet and its consequences for the design of spatial management alternatives for the red spiny lobster fishery
Ocean & Coastal Management, 2013Co-Authors: Santiago Bucaram, Wilson J White, James N Sanchirico, James E WilenAbstract:Abstract The two most profitable fisheries in the Galapagos Islands, red spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) and sea cucumber (Isostichopus fuscus), are facing steep declines in abundance and may be on the verge of collapse. This state of affairs has emerged in part because of command and control fisheries policies that neglected the importance of the behavior of the Fishing Fleet itself. Here we attempt to describe and explain the factors influencing the Fishing behavior of the Galapagos red spiny lobster Fishing Fleet. We estimated a set of econometric models based on a random utility maximization process to forecast how changes in the immediate circumstances (economic, biological, climatic and oceanographic) impact voluntary Fishing choices via the personal costs and benefits of various decisions. We focused on the factors that affect not only the decision to participate in Fishing but also the decision of where to fish. We then use these models to determine the revenue elasticities for each Fishing zone and to analyze the overall response of the Galapagos Fleet to hypothetical closures of Fishing zones. Our results provide some empirical benchmarks from which it is possible to identify in advance problems related to the spatial management of the red spiny lobster fishery and their potential solutions. For example, we found that fisherman from San Cristobal Island have a strong preference for Fishing sites on Floreana Island, which is geographically closer to Santa Cruz Island. This could lead to conflicts between the San Cristobal and Santa Cruz Fishing Fleets if rights-based fishery management were implemented. We expect that our analysis will be valuable to policy makers when designing new types of management plans for Galapagos fisheries.
Fabienne Daures - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ensuring representative economic data survey data collection methods in france for implementing the common fisheries policy
Ices Journal of Marine Science, 2011Co-Authors: Sylvie Van Iseghem, Emmanuelle Quillerou, Cecile Brigaudeau, Claire Macher, Olivier Guyader, Fabienne DauresAbstract:Since 2001, Ifremer has implemented an economic data collection programme (EDCP) within the Data Collection Framework of the EU. It aims to obtain economic data from a sample of vessels representative of the entire French Fishing Fleet. This paper presents the strategies used for vessel sampling selection in the French EDCP and its implementation over several consecutive years. The approach is illustrated by the sampling plan for the Fleet in the North Sea Channel Atlantic region. We show that the EDCP allows precise economic indicators such as gross revenue or fuel costs to be estimated for the whole Fishing Fleet, including small vessels (<10 m), and consequently, it facilitates sound scientific advice regarding the Common Fisheries Policy. The apparent underestimation of landings by small vessels in official statistics is highlighted.
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Ensuring representative economic data: survey data-collection methods in France for implementing the Common Fisheries Policy
ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2011Co-Authors: Sylvie Van Iseghem, Emmanuelle Quillerou, Cecile Brigaudeau, Claire Macher, Olivier Guyader, Fabienne DauresAbstract:Since 2001, Ifremer has implemented an economic data collection programme (EDCP) within the Data Collection Framework of the EU. It aims to obtain economic data from a sample of vessels representative of the entire French Fishing Fleet. This paper presents the strategies used for vessel sampling selection in the French EDCP and its implementation over several consecutive years. The approach is illustrated by the sampling plan for the Fleet in the North Sea Channel Atlantic region. We show that the EDCP allows precise economic indicators such as gross revenue or fuel costs to be estimated for the whole Fishing Fleet, including small vessels (
Sebastian Villasante - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the spanish Fishing Fleet and the economic value of southern stock of european hake fishery merluccius merluccius
Ocean & Coastal Management, 2012Co-Authors: Manel Antelo, David Rodrίguez, Sebastian VillasanteAbstract:European fish stocks have been overfished for decades and Fishing Fleets remain too large for the marine resources available. Fish populations could increase and generate more economic value if Fishing pressure were reduced for just a few years. Hake has historically been the most representative commercial species of the Spanish Fishing sector in the 20th century, and is in high demand in the Spanish market. In this paper we calculate the direct economic value of the Southern stock of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) under "recent catches" and different "rebuilding" scenarios. Three different scenarios are analysed and compared: (i) the real stock situation between 1986 and 2005; (ii) biomass simulation of the stock if the European Union (EU) Fishing Fleet had followed the ICES scientific recommendations (SRs) for quota allocation from 1986 to 2005; and (iii) biomass simulation of the stock if the EU Fishing Fleet progressively reduces discards as proposed by the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) reform between 2012 and 2022.The results suggest that the Fishing industry prefers short-term economic profits, because the value of the stock was $415 million, which is higher than the $245 million obtained if the proposed SRs had been respected. If the exploitation rate of the last 20 years continues under the new CFP, the economic value of the stock amounts to only U$S258 million, which is well below the $415 million obtained between 1986 and 2005. Even if the discard volume were progressively reduced by 10-20%, the economic value of the stock would reach only $300 million, which is well below the $436 million estimated by our model if the SRs had been followed. The benefits of following SRs are not restricted to higher economic benefits, but; subsequent restrictive measures on Fishing to ensure recovery of the stock might be lower, while consumers would have access to protein from the sea at more affordable prices. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
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global assessment of the european union Fishing Fleet an update
Marine Policy, 2010Co-Authors: Sebastian VillasanteAbstract:This paper provides a global analysis of recent trends in the EU Fishing Fleet. Analysis of the capital productivity, labour rates, and economic benefits of the Fleet revealed that considerable replacement of fishermen by better technology and well-equipped vessels occurred between 1990 and 2006. The analysis confirms that the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) has been ineffective in reducing Fishing capacity. In addition, the changes in capacity that occurred in this time interval differed among the different sectors of the Fleet. Some members of the high sea Fishing Fleet increased their capacity (range 11–57%), and the deep-sea sector, which has greater tonnage and Fishing power, increased its Fishing capacity by 34–44%. These results confirm the ineffectiveness of the CFP in reducing overcapacity and illustrate the continuing threat of overcapacity to the long-term sustainability of fishery resources.
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estimating the effects of technological efficiency on the european Fishing Fleet
Marine Policy, 2010Co-Authors: Sebastian Villasante, Ussif Rashid SumailaAbstract:By comparing the real reductions in Fishing capacity of the European Union (EU) and the effects of technological efficiency, this paper presents the first comprehensive analysis since the creation of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). Using a standard methodology and a conservative value of ±4.4% for annual technological progress, the results obtained for tonnage indicated that the EU-13 Fleet's Fishing capacity was reduced by >4% for only three years (1991, 2004, and 2006) in the 1987-2006 period. This result shows that technological efficiency always grew faster than the real reduction of Fishing capacity. Moreover, the reduction of the Fishing power of the EU-13 Fleet exceeded 4% annually only in 1991 (5.2%), 2004 (6.6%), and 2006 (6.5%). These results demonstrate a high level of incoherence and inefficiency of the CFP in terms of reducing Fishing capacity over time. The results presented here highlight the fact that the overcapacity problem is the key issue that should be addressed by the next CFP-reform. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Signe Annie Sønvisen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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work environment and health in the Fishing Fleet results from a survey amongst norwegian fishers
International Maritime Health, 2017Co-Authors: Signe Annie Sønvisen, Trine Thorvaldsen, Ingunn Marie Holmen, Anita OrenAbstract:Background: Fishery is an important industry in Norway. Compared to other industries the number of occupational accidents is high. Fishers are exposed to a range of unfavourable working conditions, but there is limited research-based knowledge about the interaction between working conditions and health. The aim of the article is to study fishers’ 1) work-related exposures and health complaints, 2) sickness absence, 3) subjective perception of health status and 3) level of job satisfaction. Materials and methods: Data was gathered through a telephone survey. The survey included questions about exposure, health complaints, health status and job satisfaction. Methods for analysis were descriptive statistics and relative risk (RR). Results: A total of 830 full-time fishers were interviewed. Coastal fishers are more exposed to factors such as climatic (RR = 1.546, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.311–1.823), ergonomic (RR = 1.539, 95% CI 1.293–1.833) and processing (RR = 2.119, 95% CI 1.847–2.431), compared to other groups of fishers. Coastal fishers are also more likely to experience musculoskeletal problems (RR = 1.623, 95% CI 1.139–2.314), sickness absence (RR = 1.337, 95% CI 1.081–1.655) and to perceive their own health as poor (RR = 2.155, 95% CI 1.119–4.152). Purse sein fishers are less exposed to climatic (RR = 0.777, 95% CI 0.633–0.953), ergonomic (RR = 0.617, 95% CI 0.487–0.783) and processing (RR = 0.292, 95% CI 0.221–0.385) factors and are less likely to experience sickness absence (RR = 0.635, 95% CI 0.479–0.840). In terms of job satisfaction, 99% if our respondents enjoy their work. Conclusions: Norwegian fishers have a high degree of job satisfaction and overall good health. Challenges regarding health complaints and exposures in the working environment were identified. This may be helpful for the industry, showing where measures should be implemented to prevent exposure, illness and sickness absence. Findings may also serve as a basis for future intervention studies aimed at promoting healthy working environments for fishers, especially how to improve vessels and develop user-friendly technology to reduce risk of injuries and strain.
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Fishing in deep waters: The development of a deep-sea Fishing coastal Fleet in Norway
Marine Policy, 2016Co-Authors: Dag Standal, Signe Annie Sønvisen, Frank AscheAbstract:Abstract In the post-war political landscape in Norway, it has been a rooted consensus to maintain the coastal Fleet as the largest and most important segment of the Norwegian Fishing Fleet. The simple and open technology, and low entrance costs in the coastal fisheries have secured employment in fisheries dependent districts, especially in Northern Norway. In order to protect the coastal Fleet from the deep-sea Fleet, the regime fixed the resource allocation and secured the coastal vessels with the largest share of the national TAC for cod. However, despite the strong institutionalization of the coastal Fleet, the regime has not managed to avoid a rapid growth of deep-sea vessels and reallocation of quotas within the coastal group.
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Recruitment to the Norwegian Fishing Fleet: storylines, paradoxes, and pragmatism in Norwegian fisheries and recruitment policy
Maritime Studies, 2013Co-Authors: Signe Annie SønvisenAbstract:The majority of actors in the Norwegian fisheries consider recruitment of fishers to be the main future challenge for the Norwegian Fishing Fleet. As Fleet recruitment is a highly politicized field, the problem of how to mitigate the recruitment problem is a subject of heavy debate. Some argue that recruitment problems are caused by low Fleet profitability, while others argue that recruitment problems are caused by Fleet restructuring polices. This article aims to explore the recruitment phenomenon. Thus, it examines the relationship between recruitment discourse and recruitment policies and practices. Discourse analysis is used to show how diverging storylines about recruitment result in incoherent recruitment policy. The article concludes that while current recruitment policies are heavily influenced by ideology, the answer to creating more efficient recruitment policies may lie in a more pragmatic approach.