The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Kirsten Hansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

David Waddington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the revised Flashpoints model of public disorder
    2016
    Co-Authors: Matthew Moran, David Waddington
    Abstract:

    The close study of any major riot will inevitably uncover a number of contradictory properties that do not lend themselves to easy or unequivocal explanation. Intensive academic scrutiny and analysis of the ‘long hot summers’ of rioting in the USA in the mid- to late 1960s revealed that there was not only a consistently logical pattern to the selection of the many targets of the violence, looting, and property destruction occurring in the hundreds of cities involved, but also recurring feelings of camaraderie, jubilation, empowerment, pride, and a sense of accomplishment coexisted with the anger and fear described by riot participants. Similar emotions were subsequently reported by those involved in the UK riots of the early and mid-1980s. Any credible explanation of rioting must therefore be capable of accounting not only for the underlying logic (or rationality) of such behaviour, but also its characteristically spontaneous, emotional, and invariably destructive nature.

  • applying the Flashpoints model of public disorder to the 2001 bradford riot
    British Journal of Criminology, 2010
    Co-Authors: David Waddington
    Abstract:

    It is 21 years since the publication of the author's Flashpoints: Studies in Public Disorder. In this book, and in subsequent publications, David Waddington and his colleagues have outlined and refined the so-called Flashpoints Model of Public Disorder, which has underpinned separate analyses of orderly and disorderly crowd events in Britain, Europe, Asia, Australasia, and North and South America. The model has had its critics and detractors--the most recent being Paul Bagguley and Yasmin Hussain, who level several criticisms at the model in their book, Riotous Citizens: Ethnic Conflict in Multicultural Britain, an analysis of the 2001 Bradford riot. This paper not only addresses these criticisms, but uses Bagguley and Hussain's own account as the basis of a re-analysis of the Bradford riot in terms of the Flashpoints model.

  • the madness of the mob explaining the irrationality and destructiveness of crowd violence
    Sociology Compass, 2008
    Co-Authors: David Waddington
    Abstract:

    This article responds to a recent suggestion by Borch (2006) that sociologists might profitably reconsider the ‘group mind’ explanation, propagated by nineteenth-century French academics like Tarde and Le Bon, which emphasises the inherent suggestibility, amorality, and destructiveness of crowds as mechanisms of accounting for collective violence. In alluding to the recent French riots of October–November 2005 as an illustrative example, the article rejects the group mind approach (along with a host of other lay explanations appearing in the wake of the disorders) in favour of a multivariate analysis, loosely based on the Flashpoints Model of Public Disorder. The purpose of this analysis is to demonstrate how even the most intensely destructive, spontaneous and emotional acts of collective violence are typically underpinned by a guiding and restraining rationality.

  • Flashpoints revisited a critical application to the policing of anti globalization protest
    Policing & Society, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mike King, David Waddington
    Abstract:

    The Flashpoints model, developed by David Waddington and colleagues in the late 1980s, has been utilized to examine various public order occurrences, ranging from urban rioting, industrial unrest and animal rights protests of the 1990s, primarily focusing on the United Kingdom, with some examples from the United States of America. This article revisits and reappraises the model in the light of critical debates both directed at the model itself and more generally concerning the policing of social protest. Specifically, we take on board relevant factors from these debates in order to enhance the model, before applying it to a comparative study of two cases of anti-globalization protest in Canada: one being post-Seattle, but pre-Genoa (the 2001 Quebec City Summit of the Americas); the other being post-Genoa and post 9/11 (the 2002 G8 protests in Ottawa).

David A. Berry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • computation of the three dimensional medial surface dynamics of the vocal folds
    Journal of Biomechanics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Michael Döllinger, David A. Berry
    Abstract:

    Abstract To increase our understanding of pathological and healthy voice production, quantitative measurement of the medial surface dynamics of the vocal folds is significant, albeit rarely performed because of the inaccessibility of the vocal folds. Using an excised hemilarynx methodology, a new calibration technique, herein referred to as the linear approximate (LA) method, was introduced to compute the three-dimensional coordinates of fleshpoints along the entire medial surface of the vocal fold. The results were compared with results from the direct linear transform. An associated error estimation was presented, demonstrating the improved accuracy of the new method. A test on real data was reported including computation of quantitative measurements of vocal fold dynamics.

  • a quantitative study of the medial surface dynamics of an in vivo canine vocal fold during phonation
    Laryngoscope, 2005
    Co-Authors: Michael Doellinger, David A. Berry, Gerald S. Berke
    Abstract:

    Objectives/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to measure the medial surface dynamics of a canine vocal fold during phonation. In particular, displacements, velocities, accelerations, and relative phase velocities of vocal fold fleshpoints were reported across the entire medial surface. Although the medial surface dynamics have a profound influence on voice production, such data are rare because of the inaccessibility of the vocal folds. Study Design: Medial surface dynamics were investigated during both normal and fry-like phonation as a function of innervation to the recurrent laryngeal nerve for conditions of constant glottal airflow. Methods: An in vivo canine model was used. The larynx was dissected similar to methods described in previous excised hemilarynx experiments. Phonation was induced with artificial airflow and innervation to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The recordings were obtained using a high-speed digital imaging system. Three dimensional coordinates were computed for fleshpoints along the entire medial surface. The trajectories of the fleshpoints were preprocessed using the method of Empirical Eigenfunctions. Results: Although considerable variability existed within the data, in general, the medial-lateral displacements and vertical displacements of the vocal fold fleshpoints were large compared with anterior-posterior displacements. For both normal and fry-like phonation, the largest displacements and velocities were concentrated in the upper medial portion. During normal phonation, the mucosal wave propagated primarily in a vertical direction. Above a certain threshold of subglottal pressure (or stimulation to the recurrent laryngeal nerve), an abrupt transition from chest-like to fry-like phonation was observed. Conclusions: The study reports unique, quantitative data regarding the medial surface dynamics of an in vivo canine vocal fold during phonation, capturing both chest-like and fry-like vibration patterns. These data quantify a complex set of dynamics. The mathematical modeling of such complexity is still in its infancy and requires quantitative data of this nature for development, validation, and testing.

  • quantitative measurement of the medial surface dynamics of the vocal folds using high speed digital imaging
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2003
    Co-Authors: Michael Doellinger, Juergen Neubauer, David A. Berry
    Abstract:

    To increase our understanding of pathological and healthy voice production, the quantitative measurement of the medial surface dynamics of the vocal folds is significant, albeit rarely performed because of the inaccessibility of the vocal folds. Hence, an excised hemilarynx procedure is applied, Berry et al. recently reported such quantitative measurements along one coronal plane of the left vocal fold of a canine [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 2539–2547 (2001)]. The present work extends previous studies by capturing vibrations along the entire medial surface of the left vocal fold. The number of vertical rows of sutures used to demarcate fleshpoints was increased from one to five. An automatic algorithm for tracking vocal fold fleshpoints will be reported, along with calibration techniques, and error estimation. Preliminary results will be reported for both periodic and aperiodic vocal fold vibrations. High‐speed digital imaging was performed using a Photron APX machine with a sampling frequency of 4000 Hz, a...

  • high speed digital imaging of the medial surface of the vocal folds
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2001
    Co-Authors: David A. Berry, Douglas W Montequin, Niro Tayama
    Abstract:

    High-speed digital imaging of the medial surface of the vocal folds was performed in excised canine larynx experiments. Building on the excised larynx investigations of Baer [Ph.D. dissertation, MIT, Boston, MA (1975)] and hemilarynx investigations of Jiang and Titze [Laryngoscope 103, 872–882 (1993)], nine vocal fold fleshpoints were tracked simultaneously along the medial surface of one coronal plane of the left vocal fold using a Kodak EktaPro 4540 high-speed digital imaging system. By imaging from two distinct views, 3D reconstructions of fleshpoint trajectories were performed with a sampling frequency of 4.5 kHz and a spatial resolution of approximately 0.08 mm. Quantitative results were derived from a typical example of periodic chestlike vibrations. Furthermore, these data were decomposed into empirical eigenfunctions, the building blocks of vocal fold vibration, illuminating basic mechanisms of self-sustained oscillation. Previously, such mechanisms have only been explored theoretically using comp...

Lionel Weili Liong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • china asean relations amidst territorial dispute maritime conflict and nationalism challenges and prospects
    Social Science Research Network, 2012
    Co-Authors: Emile Kokkheng Yeoh, Susie Yiengping Ling, Lionel Weili Liong
    Abstract:

    This paper looks at the impact of the rise of China on the geopolitical configuration and international relations in the East Asian region the main Flashpoints of which include the high-profile disputes over the ownership of the islands, atolls, reefs, cays and islets in the South China Sea (SCS)/ Biển Đong (East Vietnam Sea)/West Philippine Sea which reflect in a large part in reality resource conflicts. The rapid growth of China’s population, with an increase of more than ten million people per year, and the general shortage in energy resources to feed her rapid economic growth underlines the importance of the resource-rich SCS. In terms of geopolitics, the Spratlys occupy a highly important strategic position, the key to the control of the SCS and critical hub in China’s sea route transport connection with East Asia, West Asia and the Indian Ocean. Looking at the Spratlys and Paracels disputes as the major military-related security problem in the relations between China and ASEAN, the paper examines the challenges posed by China’s ascendance in the global arena in recent decades, in particular within the context of the changing ASEAN-China relations in terms of both geopolitical and economic terms, with special focus on the attendant problem of the conflict in the SCS and the critical issue of finding a solution to the conflict.

Paul C. Trulove - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Densities, Viscosities, Speeds of Sound, Bulk Moduli, Surface Tensions, and Flash Points of Quaternary Mixtures of n‑Dodecane (1), n‑Butylcyclohexane (2), n-Butylbenzene (3), and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane (4) at 0.1 MPa as Potential Surrogate M
    2019
    Co-Authors: Dianne Luning J. Prak, Julia M. Fries, Rochelle T. Gober, Petr Vozka, Gozdem Kilaz, Theodore R. Johnson, Sahara L. Graft, Paul C. Trulove, Jim S. Cowart
    Abstract:

    The composition of Navy Jet fuel JP-5 was determined using gas chromatography­(GC)-electron impact mass spectrometry and GC × GC/(flame ionization detection) to contain by mass 21% linear alkanes, 29% cycloalkanes, 32% isoalkanes, and 18% aromatic compounds. Various quaternary mixtures of n-dodecane, n-butylcyclohexane, n-butylbenzene, and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane were prepared as possible surrogates for this jet fuel and analyzed for density and viscosity (253 to 333) K, speed of sound (288 to 333) K, surface tension (294 ± 1 K), and flashpoint. Deviation cutoffs for “matching” the JP-5 based on previous studies and fuel specification were ±1.7% for density, ±1% for speed of sound, ±3.5% for bulk modulus, ±2.6% for viscosity, ±2.2% for surface tension, and ±10% for flash point (minimum of 333 K). Seven quaternary mixtures met these cutoffs. Three had compositions that were comparable to the JP-5 and would be good candidates for engine testing. All mixture excess molar volumes showed a trend of increasing to a maximum and then decreasing as the concentration of n-butylbenzene increased. Viscosity deviations ranged from (−0.03 to −0.48) mPa·s

  • density viscosity speed of sound bulk modulus surface tension and flash point of selected ternary mixtures of n butylcyclohexane a linear alkane n hexadcane or n dodecane an aromatic compound toluene n butylbenzene or n hexylbenzene
    Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dianne Luning J. Prak, Jim S. Cowart, Margaret Mclaughlin, Paul C. Trulove
    Abstract:

    Researchers seek to understand the combustion of petroleum fuel, which contains hundreds of compounds, by studying properties and oxidation behavior of less complex mixtures (surrogates) containing fuel components. In this study, viscosities and densities (293.15 to 343.15 K), speeds of sound (293.15 to 333.15 K), surface tensions (∼314 K) and flash points were measured for ternary mixtures of representative fuel components: n-alkanes, aromatic compounds, and n-butylcyclohexane. Mixture surface tensions and Flashpoints fell between the pure component values. The speeds of sound for ternary mixtures containing n-dodecane and n-butylcyclohexane increased with increasing aromatic compound concentration. As the aromatic compound concentration in mixtures with n--hexadecane and n--butylcyclohexane increased, the mixtures’ speeds of sound remained level or decreased to a minimum before increasing to the value of the aromatic compound. The isentropic bulk moduli increased with increasing aromatic compound concen...

  • flammability thermal stability and phase change characteristics of several trialkylimidazolium salts
    Green Chemistry, 2003
    Co-Authors: Douglas M Fox, Walid H Awad, Jeffrey W Gilman, Paul H Maupin, Hugh C De Long, Paul C. Trulove
    Abstract:

    Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have emerged as tunable and potentially “greener” solvents for a multitude of applications. To investigate the solvent properties and potential use as a thermal fluid, a study was initiated to determine the effects of anion type, C-2 hydrogen substitution, and alkyl chain length on the flammability, thermal stability, and phase change characteristics of 1,2,3-trialkylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids. A Setaflash flashpoint apparatus was used to determine the flammabilities of the RTILs. No Flashpoints were detected for any of the imidazolium based RTILs below 200 °C, the maximum temperature of the instrument. The thermal stabilities of the RTILs were measured using the technique of thermogravimetric analysis. The 1,2,3-trialkylimidazolium compounds exhibit slightly higher thermal stabilities than the comparable 1,3-dialkylimidazolium compounds; RTILs with nucleophilic anions decompose about 150 °C lower than RTILs with bulky fluoride containing anions; the alkyl chain length does not have a large effect on the thermal stability of the RTILs; and the pyrolysis decomposition exhibits higher thermal stabilities via a different mechanism than the oxidative decomposition. In addition, it was found that although the calculated onset temperatures were above 350 °C, significant decomposition does occur 100 °C or more below these temperatures. The phase change behaviors of several imidazolium based RTILs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The melting points of the RTILs increased with increasing alkyl chain length. Most of the salts studied exhibited significant undercooling, which decreased as the length of the alkyl chain was increased. The hexafluorophosphate and bromide RTILs exhibited polymorphic and liquid crystalline behaviors as the alkyl chain length was increased above C10. The clearing point temperatures increased more rapidly with alkyl chain length than the melting point temperatures.